Predicting future diameter of sugar maple in uneven-aged stands of west-central New Brunswick and New York

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (04) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Edwin Swift ◽  
Diane H. Kiernan ◽  
Eddie Bevilacqua ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
West Central ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Rates Of Growth

We used data from uneven-aged research plots in west-central New Brunswick to validate a sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) diameter growth model initially developed from remeasured trees in single-tree selection system stands at two New York State locations. We also refitted the coefficients to fit the New Brunswick data and added variables to account for variation across locations and treatments among the New Brunswick plots. The original equation predicted future diameter for New Brunswick trees reasonably well, but a version with coefficients specific to New Brunswick proved more accurate. Adding variables that account for unique features of the New Brunswick data reinforced the notion that growth rates differ across locations, and also that post-cutting diameter growth varies with the intensity of release. Although the New York model and the general model with refitted coefficients unique to New Brunswick indicated that rates of growth do not change throughout a cutting cycle, equations having a variable to account for location of the New Brunswick research sites showed that growth decreased with time. Test results are presented.

Growth following single-tree selection cutting in Québec northern hardwoods

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Bédard ◽  
Zoran Majcen
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Single Tree Selection

Eight experimental blocks were established in the southern part of Québec to determine the growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) dominated stands after single tree selection cutting. Each block contained eight control plots (no cut) and eight cut plots. The intensity of removal varied between 21% and 32% and residual basal area was between 18.2 and 21 m2/ha. Ten year net annual basal area growth rates in cut plots (0.35 ± 0.04 m2/ha) were significantly higher (p = 0.0022) than in control plots (0.14 ± 0.06 m2/ha). The treatment particularly favoured diameter growth of stems between 10 and 30 cm in dbh, whose crowns were released by removing neighbouring trees. These results show that if the same net growth rate is maintained in the next decade most of the cut plots will reach their pre-cut basal area in about 20 years after cutting. Key words: northern hardwoods, selection cutting, uneven aged silviculture, basal area growth, diameter growth

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Forest Tent Caterpillar Defoliation and Timber Stand Improvement Activity on Epicormic Sprouting of Sugar Maple and Black Cherry

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Rob A. Wink ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Epicormic Sprouting

Abstract A 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance design assessed the combined effects of severe defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hub.), from 1991 through 1993 and concurrent timber stand improvement (TSI) treatments on the occurrence of epicormic sproutingfor both sugar maple (SM), Acer saccharum (Marsh.) and black cherry (BC), Prunus serotina (Ehrh.) in the Tug Hill region of New York State. The potential economic effects of epicormic sprouting by dominant and codominant (DC) SM after defoliation and TSI were statistically significantbut negligible. TSI treatments alone and defoliation alone, however, promoted sprouting in intermediate SM, which may result in future grade reduction. The combination of defoliation and TSI treatment resulted in prolific epicormic sprouting by DC BC. These two disturbances have the potential to cause significant standwide value losses in this species.

scholarly journals Growth of Saplings after Selection Cutting in Northern Hardwoods

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Donoso ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland ◽  
Lianjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Old Trees

Abstract We evaluated height and diameter growth of 19 sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and 20 American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) saplings in a 22 ac northern hardwood selection system stand cut in Fall 1973 to a residual density of 73 ft²/ac, and again in Summer 1993 to 82 ft²/ac. We classified the sample trees according to the proportion of total age represented by the 19 yr period after the 1973 selection cutting: more than 80% (young trees), 67–80% (intermediate trees), and less than 67% (old trees). Young trees reached 1 in. dbh almost one decade sooner than old trees (25.7 vs. 33.8 yr), but the two age groups did not differ significantly in height when they reached that threshold diameter. Young and intermediate-aged trees grew more rapidly in height than older trees, especially during the first 10 yr after cutting (6.1 vs. 4.9 ft during the 10 yr period). Height growth of saplings for the last 9 yr of the first cutting cycle did not differ significantly from that prior to the first cutting (2.4 ft in 5 yr), but differed from the growth during the first 10 yr after the 1973 cutting (2.85 ft in 5 yr). Young trees also took 33% less time to reach 1 in. dbh during the first cutting cycle. Findings show the influence of single-tree selection cutting on the development of small trees, and highlight the importance of matching residual density and cutting cycle length in order to maintain good rates of height and diameter growth among young age classes in uneven-aged selection system stands. North. J. Appl. For. 17(4):149–152.

A comparison of vegetative cover and tree community structure in three forested Adirondack watersheds

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cronan ◽  
Marc R. DesMeules
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Annual Biomass

The Integrated Lake–Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) was conducted using three forested watersheds (Panther, Sagamore, and Woods) in the central Adirondack Park of New York State. By comparing the biogeochemical behavior of these watersheds, the ILWAS investigators hoped to elucidate the major ecosystem parameters controlling the fate of strong acids introduced from the atmosphere to lake–watershed systems. The ILWAS vegetation research program was designed to compare the quantitative patterns of forest structure in these midelevation watersheds. Results showed that the ILWAS catchments contain closely related variants of the northern hardwood – spruce – fir complex of the Adirondack region. The dominant tree species in these watersheds are beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), and yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.). On an areal basis, the watersheds contain 57–88% hardwood cover type and 5–29% spruce–fir cover type. Mean live basal area values range from 22 to 30 m2 ha−1 between catchments, while standing dead basal area values range from 4 to 8 m2 ha−1. Mean live stem densities range from 1400 to 1700 stems ha−1. Mean aboveground biomass projections for the tree stratum in the three watersheds range from 143 to 199 Mt ha−1, while estimated aboveground annual biomass increments range from 4.1 to 5.3% of standing biomass.

scholarly journals Sugar Maple Height-Diameter and Age-Diameter Relationships in an Uneven-Aged Northern Hardwood Stand

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Kenefic ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Growing Conditions

Abstract Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) height-diameter and age-diameter relationships are explored in a balanced uneven-aged northern hardwood stand in central New York. Results show that although both height and age vary considerably with diameter, these relationships can be described by statistically valid equations. The age-diameter relationship compares favorably to one reported by Tubbs (1977) for sugar maple in unmanaged (virgin) northern hardwoods, suggesting that periodic cuttings improved growing conditions in our stand. Deliberate attempts to control size-class distribution and tree spacing should continue to increase diameter growth rates and decrease the time needed to reach certain threshold tree sizes. Growth rates that can be reasonably expected in this and similarly structured stands are provided. Lastly, a wide range of heights and diameters are documented, confirming the structural complexity associated with the balanced selection system. An equation to predict sugar maple height from diameter is provided and may prove useful when assessing habitat or visual characteristics of complex uneven-aged stands. North. J. Appl. For. 16(1):43-47.

Winter foraging by individual porcupines

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2425-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uldis Roze
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Foraging Area ◽  
Winter Foraging ◽  
Study Population

Winter feeding of individual porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum L.) was studied in the northern Catskill Mountains of New York by following individual feeding trails in the snow. The study population as a whole fed primarily on beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and less frequently on eight other tree species. Individual porcupines limited their feeding to one or two species. An individual's primary food choice corresponded to the numerically most abundant tree species in its foraging area; its secondary food choice could not be related to relative density nor to relative basal area.

Carbohydrate reserves in Acer saccharum trees damaged during the January 1998 ice storm in northern New York

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Wong ◽  
L J Staats ◽  
A S Burfeind ◽  
K L Baggett ◽  
A H Rye
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
High Concentrations

To assess the effect of the ice storm of January 1998 on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) tree health, starch, and soluble sugars in twigs from two damaged sugarbushes (younger: trees 50–100 years old, and older: trees approximately 200 years old) in northern New York were measured throughout the leafless phase (September 1998 – May 1999). Trees severely damaged by the ice storm exhibited signs of recovery during the first growth season (1998), that is, greater numbers of lateral (epicormic) shoots and increased wood production in the current year growth ring of branches at mid-crown, and high concentrations of starch in the twigs at the time of leaf drop. Differences in reserve and soluble sugar profiles between damaged and slightly damaged or undamaged sugar maple trees and between trees of the older sugarbush and those of the younger sugarbush indicate changes in cold season physiology of damaged trees in adapting to or tolerating cold temperature. In damaged trees of the younger and older sugarbushes, the profiles of sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, and xylose were similar to those of corresponding slightly damaged or undamaged trees throughout the cold season, except for late winter sucrose, glucose, and fructose profiles, which exhibited differences in concentration and profile configurations compared with respective slightly damaged or undamaged trees. A lower concentration of sucrose in damaged older tree wood tissue after dehardening in late winter and a lower concentration of "resynthesized" starch just prior to vernal growth were observed. The data indicate that the profiles of individual sugars can provide information on changes in physiological and biochemical processes in damaged trees during the cold season.Key words: starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, stachyose.

scholarly journals Responses of Syrphids, Elaterids and Bees to Single-tree Selection Harvesting in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Nol ◽  
Hume Douglas ◽  
William J. Crins
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Selection Harvesting ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Capture Rates

The species composition of hoverflies (Syrphidae), click beetles (Elateridae), and bees (Apoidea) was studied to determine whether there was a positive response in these flower-seeking insect groups to gaps in the canopy created through single-tree selection harvesting of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) and Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) in hardwood forests of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. There were significantly more hoverflies and bees collected in forest stands harvested within the previous five years than in wilderness zone (unharvested at least for 40 years) stands or stands harvested 15-20 years previously (old logged stands). Click beetles, especially Selatosomus pulcher (LeConte), were collected most often in old logged stands. Bees and click beetles were collected significantly later in the season in logged than in wilderness zone stands. Malaise traps resulted in higher capture rates for syrphids than pan traps, and only with these higher capture rates did we detect a significant increase in species richness in recently logged stands over that in wilderness stands. Changes in the numbers and phenology of flower-visiting insects may impact on reproductive success of flowering plants of the forest understory and deserves further study.

Cytogéographie de l'Aster cordifolius (Asteraceae : Astereae) au Québec

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2114-2119
Author(s):  
André Legault ◽  
Luc Brouillet
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
New England ◽  
New York State ◽  
The West ◽  
York State ◽  
Chromosomal Races ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Crosses ◽  
Ecological Differences

The chromosome numbers of 209 individuals of Aster cordifolius L. from ca. 130 localities from the provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick were determined; 122 were diploid and 87, tetraploid. Four populations are mixed, but no triploid was found; experimental crosses beween the two cytotypes failed. Genic exchanges do not appear to exist between the two races, at least not via normal gametes. In Quebec, the two cytotypes are sympatric in the Richelieu valley; west of this area, only tetraploids are found, and east of it, only diploids. This distribution pattern continues the one observed in Ontario, New York State, and New England, where the contact zone is, however, wider. No obvious ecological differences were noted between the two chromosomal races. Postglacial migration on either side of the Appalachian–Adirondack axis, tetraploids to the west and diploids to the east, appears to explain the distribution of cytotypes of A. cordifolius in Quebec.

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