scholarly journals The Effects of Slicing Parameters on Surface Quality of European Beech Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jankowska ◽  
Paweł Kozakiewicz ◽  
Marcin Zbieć
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Pressure Bar

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of flat slicing processes on wood surface characteristics of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The relation between wettability, roughness and machining methods were studied. Two different wood thickness (3.4 and 4.0 mm) and three levels of compression during slicing (67.5 %, 57.5 % and 47.5 % of desired veneer thickness) were used to prepare surfaces prior to testing. The smaller variation of the thickness of thinner veneers was observed. No significant impact of compression on variation of the thickness was found. The contact angle was lower when roughness measured parallel to the grain was higher. The influence of selected compression on roughness of European beech veneers measured perpendicular to the grain was confirmed. This indicated that the influence of the set of machining processes, such as pressure bar setting during slicing, is significant for wooden veneers surface properties.

scholarly journals Surface Quality of Planed Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) Thermally Treated for Different Durations of Time

BioResources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Gurau ◽  
Mark Irle ◽  
Mihaela Campean ◽  
Mihai Ispas ◽  
Julia Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Thermally Treated

Surface Quality of Cavities Obtained by EDM Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 931-939
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Panosso Zeilmann ◽  
Gerson Luiz Nicola ◽  
Fernando Moreira Bordin ◽  
Tiago Vacaro ◽  
Mariana Czarnobay Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Machined Parts ◽  
Edm Process

The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a process widely used in machining of complex geometries and hardened materials, conditions that often are not met by conventional machining processes. In EDM the electrode reproduces its image or geometry on the part and this image is obtained by chip removing process, which is given by high frequency electrical discharges, causing the melting and vaporization of electrically conductive materials. Due to this mechanism of material removal, the surface is subjected to high thermal loads, which heavily influences the surface quality of obtained parts. For the characterization of these surfaces must be considered the surface topography and the metallurgical changes of the subsurface layer, since both characteristics influence the functionality of the machined parts. In addition, several variables related to the EDM process have influence on the characteristics of the generated surface. This work presents a study of the influence of EDM process on the surface quality of square cavities. It was evaluated different regions of the cavities, such as side wall, bottom and corners. The results showed significant differences between the analyzed regions.

scholarly journals Effect of the density of transplants in reforestation on the morphological quality of the above-ground part of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) six years after planting

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Houšková ◽  
Oldřich Mauer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Spacing Pattern ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Plantation Density ◽  
Ground Part

Quality of the above-ground part of European beech planted at different densities and spacing patterns for the purpose of artificial forest regeneration was monitored 3, 4 and 6 years after planting. The initial numbers of beech transplants were 5,000 pcs.ha−1, 10,000 pcs.ha−1, 15,000 pcs.ha−1 and 20,000 pcs.ha−1. The spacing pattern of transplants was either square or rectangular nearly in all variants: 1.4 × 1.4 m, 2 × 1 m, 1 × 1 m, 0.8 × 0.8 m, 1 ×0.65 m, 0.7 × 0.7 m and 1 × 0.5 m. Conclusions following out from the research are as follows: 1. neither the chosen density of transplants nor their spacing pattern had an essential influence on the after-planting loss or damage of trees; 2. through the planting of larger-diameter transplants it is possible to achieve canopy closure more rapidly as well as faster growth of the plantation; these beech plants keep the edge in growth and quality even 6 years after planting; 3. the higher is the beech plantation density, the less individuals occur in such a plantation with inappropriate stem form; 4. beech plants of the worst quality were found on plots with the lowest initial density of transplants (5,000 and 10,000 pcs.ha−1), yet the number of promising trees was sufficient even there. Thus, none of the experimental numbers of transplants per hectare or spacing arrangements of the European beech transplants can be claimed as inappropriate; however, further monitoring of the plots is necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Treatment on Surface Quality of Beech Wood after Plane Milling

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kvietková ◽  
Miroslav Gašparík ◽  
Milan Gaff
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Beech Wood

Does formative pruning improve the form of broadleaved trees?

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Kerr ◽  
Geoff Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Four Levels

Formative pruning is the pruning of young trees before canopy closure to encourage the development of a single straight stem at least 6 m in height. The use of formative pruning has been widely recommended; however, this guidance lacks a scientific basis. The experiments described here examined the effects of four levels of formative pruning on precanopy closure stands of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), cherry (Prunus avium L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and English oak (Quercus robur L.). For the faster growing ash and cherry, two prunings were applied over a 3-year period; for the slower growing oak and beech, there were four prunings over 4–6 years. Form and growth were assessed for up to 9 years after the last pruning treatment. A moderate intensity of formative pruning that removed forks and large branches showed some potential to improve the form of oak and beech. However, there were no form improvements for any level of formative pruning applied to ash or cherry. Attempting to produce the quality of timber required by management objectives by minimizing the number of trees planted and applying formative pruning is risky and likely to fail. A more secure way of obtaining quality improvement is to use traditional pruning after a period of canopy closure.

scholarly journals Surface quality of the Ficus sp. wood veneers submitted to finishing treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina do Nascimento Pereira ◽  
Joaquim Carlos Gonçalez ◽  
Joabel Raabe ◽  
Alexandre Florian da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Before And After

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the roughness, wettability and the surface color of Ficus sp. genus before and after the process of manual sanding and application of a finishing product (stain). The roughness and color were determined before and after the sanding process and after applying the stain using Surftest SJ 400 Mitutoyo and ColorEye XTH spectrophotometer. The wettability was evaluated by measuring the contact angle between the water drop and the surface of the veneers, using a goniometer Krüss DSA30. The roughness of the veneers, subjected to 180, 240, and 320 sandpaper, decreased after the sanding process and remarkably after stain application. The contact angle was over 90° for all treated samples. Regarding the colorimetry, there was a decrease in L* average values after sanding. After applying the stain, there was a change in color of the wood, from grayish-white to yellow-olive.

The effect of mechanical treatment of beech wood surface on quality of surface finish

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
GABRIELA SLABEJOVÁ ◽  
MÁRIA ŠMIDRIAKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
The Impact

The effect of mechanical treatment of beech wood surface on quality of surface finish. The paper deals with the quality of three surface finishes intended into interior. Three types of coating materials were tested (polyurethane, waterborne, wax). Each type of the surface finish was created on beech wood surface in three various coating thicknesses. The coating thicknesses differed in number of coatings of the coating material. The surface finishes were evaluated according to the impact resistance and the resistance to abrasion. The polyurethane surface finish showed the lowest resistance to abrasion. If the film thickness was increasing, the resistance to abrasion was decreasing. The greatest differences in the resistance to abrasion, depending on the wood surface treatment, were found on the wax surface finish. In general, the waterborne surface finish showed the best resistance to abrasion. Pressing the wood surface before finishing increased the impact resistance of all three surface finishes. The damage of the surfaces was only of grade 2 (No cracks on the surface and the intrusion was only slightly visible). The lowest impact resistance of the surface finishes was found on grinded wood surface; the damage was graded as 4 (Visible large cracks at the intrusion). At the drop height of 400 mm, the effect of the film thickness on the impact resistance was no longer present on all differently mechanically treated surfaces.

Moisture Content and its Influence on the Roughness and Noise Emission during Wood Machining

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 680-685
Author(s):  
Cleverson Pinheiro ◽  
Manoel Cléber de Sampaio Alves ◽  
Simone Simões Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Contact ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Significance Level

Numerous factors influencing the surface quality of wood after machining, among them we highlight the machining parameters and the properties of the wood. In the analysis of the influence of these factors on machining and in determining the quality measurement systems are used to obtain surface characteristics, these systems are divided into methods of contact and non-contact. The method for mechanical contact performed with the aid of the surface roughness tester is the most valued in the measurement of roughness of wood, however, aiming at a greater agility in these measurements, there is a need to seek alternatives for evaluation of surface quality, and one of these options is to use the forms of indirect measurements of this quality, as for example, the use of noise emission during the machining process. With this, the aim was to analyze the influence of the moisture content of the wood, at different levels, on surface quality of the species Pinus elliottii, determined by the method of mechanical probing move and relate this roughness with the sound emission issued for each class of humidity, during machining. The planning of experiments and statistical analyses were performed with the help of Taguchi method. The specimens were conditioned in greenhouses climatizadoras automatics for obtaining three classes of humidity. Machining tests of wooden pieces were performed on a machining center specific for this type of material. The roughness values were measured by a roughness verifier and the noise emission values were measured by for a measurer sound pressure level. Statistically significant differences were observed, the significance level of 10 %, on roughness and noise emission between the three levels of moisture. It was observed that with the increase in the moisture content occurred an increase of roughness and a reduction in noise emission. Monitoring of surface quality through noise level is an interesting alternative to the method of mechanical contact.

scholarly journals GC-MS and SPME Techniques Highlighted Contrasting Chemical Behaviour in the Water Extractives of Modified Castanea sativa Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Marisabel Mecca ◽  
Luigi Todaro ◽  
Valentina Lo Giudice ◽  
Teresa Lovaglio ◽  
Maurizio D’Auria
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are wood species largely present in the European forest area. The composition and relative variation of the secondary metabolites of chestnut and European beech wood under thermal effect is a little-explored area. The wood material was thermally modified at 170 °C for 3 h using a thermo-vacuum technology. Raw and modified wood extracts were obtained with aqueous extraction techniques in an autoclave, subsequently lyophilized, solubilized in ethyl acetate, and determined by Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analyses (GC-MS). In addition, the volatile compounds were determined by Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) analyses. As a general statement, the extraction in an autoclave produced a higher number of compounds in the modified chestnut and beech wood compared to unmodified wood material. Beech wood showed low degradation in the compounds after modification. Notably, squalene and ar-tumerone were the main bioactive compounds present in beech wood extractives. Chestnut, conversely, showed a greater degradation after thermo-modification. However, a reduction in chemical compounds in the modified samples was also observed. In this case, the main biologically active compounds detected only in the chestnut control samples were apocynin and ar-tumerone. The recovery of this residual wood material, before energy consumption, could provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly means of obtaining natural chemicals suitable for various industrial applications.

scholarly journals SURFACE QUALITY OF PERUVIAN AMAZON WOODS SUBMITTED FOR PLANNING AND SANDING

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Meléndez Cárdenas ◽  
Claudio Gumane Francisco Juizo ◽  
Neptalí Bustamante Guillén ◽  
Hector Enrique Gonzáles Mora ◽  
Ricardo Jorge Klitzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Cutting Planes ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Needle Detection

The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of the machined surface of wood of Peruvian Amazonian species under industrial processing conditions. For this, planks of capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum), cachimbo (Cariniana domestica) and copaíba (Copaifera paupera) were obtained from which four specimens of each species were removed and selected. The specimens were previously conditioned and subsequently submitted to planing and sanding operations, considering three cutting orientations (tangential, radial and intermediate). Then, the quality of the flattened and sanded surfaces of the studied species was evaluated by measuring the surface roughness (Ra) by means of a digital needle detection roughness meter. The results indicated significant differences in wood surface quality among the species in the three evaluated cutting planes, and the capirona radial plane had better planing and sanding quality. Concomitantly, due to the operations performed, the capirona wood allowed a greater possibility for better finishing, followed by cachimbo and copaíba wood, thus being grouped in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd surface quality classes, respectively.

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