scholarly journals The Social Cost of Major Depression. A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Coretti ◽  
Filippo Rumi ◽  
Americo Cicchetti
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Economic Burden Of Disease ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost

Major depression (MD) is a major cause of disability and a significant public health problem due to strong physical and mental impairment, possible complications for patients (including suicides), serious social and working problems to the patient and his/her family. We provide an overview of the social cost of Major depression worldwide. We conducted a systematic literature review. Two search engines were queried. Screening of records and summary of evidence was performed by two researchers blindly. The review was conducted in accordance with the standards of the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Despite the heterogeneity in terms of population, setting and estimation techniques, the studies showed that the largest share of the burden of disease is represented by indirect costs. Among direct healthcare costs, inpatient care represents the most significant item, followed by outpatient care. The average total direct cost of depression ranges between €508 and €24 069, depending on the jurisdiction where the analysis was run and the range of cost items included. Indirect costs range between €1963 and €27 364. Evidence on the cost of MD in some countries is currently lacking. A deeper understanding of the drivers of the economic burden of disease is a crucial starting point for studies concerned with the cost-effectiveness of new treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Societal Cost of Ischemic Stroke in Romania: Results from a Retrospective County-Level Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Stefan Strilciuc ◽  
Diana Alecsandra Grad ◽  
Vlad Mixich ◽  
Adina Stan ◽  
Anca Dana Buzoianu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Economic Burden Of Disease ◽  
Outpatient Cost ◽  
Patient Pathways ◽  
Stroke Disability ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
The Cost

Background: Health policies in transitioning health systems are rarely informed by the economic burden of disease due to scanty access to data. This study aimed to estimate direct and indirect costs for first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during the first year for patients residing in Cluj, Romania, and hospitalized in 2019 at the County Emergency Hospital (CEH). Methods: The study was conducted using a mixed, retrospective costing methodology from a societal perspective to measure the cost of first-ever AIS in the first year after onset. Patient pathways for AIS were reconstructed to aid in mapping inpatient and outpatient cost items. We used anonymized administrative and clinical data at the hospital level and publicly available databases. Results: The average cost per patient in the first year after stroke onset was RON 25,297.83 (EUR 5226.82), out of which 80.87% were direct costs. The total cost in Cluj, Romania in 2019 was RON 17,455,502.7 (EUR 3,606,505.8). Conclusions: Our costing exercise uncovered shortcomings of stroke management in Romania, particularly related to acute care and neurorehabilitation service provision. Romania spends significantly less on healthcare than other countries (5.5% of GDP vs. 9.8% European Union average), exposing stroke survivors to a disproportionately high risk for preventable and treatable post-stroke disability.

scholarly journals Cost of care of chronic non-communicable diseases in Jamaican patients: the role of obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Christine M. Fray-Aiken ◽  
Rainford J. Wilks ◽  
Abdullahi O. Abdulkadri ◽  
Affette M. McCaw-Binns
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the economic cost of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCDs) and the portion attributable to obesity among patients in Jamaica.METHODS: The cost-of-illness approach was used to estimate the cost of care in a hospital setting in Jamaica for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, breast cancer, colon cancer, osteoarthritis, and high cholesterol. Cost and service utilization data were collected from the hospital records of all patients with these diseases who visited the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) during 2006. Patients were included in the study if they were between15 and 74 years of age and if female, were not pregnant during that year. Costs were categorized as direct or indirect. Direct costs included costs for prescription drugs, consultation visits (emergency and clinic visits), hospitalizations, allied health services, diagnostic and treatment procedures. Indirect costs included costs attributed to premature mortality, disability (permanent and temporary), and absenteeism. Indirect costs were discounted at 3% rate.RESULTS: The sample consisted of 554 patients (40%) males (60%) females. The economic burden of the nine diseases was estimated at US$ 5,672,618 (males 37%; females 63%) and the portion attributable to obesity amounted to US$ 1,157,173 (males 23%; females 77%). Total direct cost was estimated at US$ 3,740,377 with female patients accounting for 69.9% of this cost. Total indirect cost was estimated at US$ 1,932,241 with female patients accounting for 50.6% of this cost. The greater cost among women was not found to be statistically significant. Overall, on a per capita basis, males and females accrued similar costs-of-illness (US$ 9,451.75 vs. US$ 10,758.18).CONCLUSIONS: In a country with per capita GDP of less than US$ 5,300, a per capita annual cost of illness of US$ 10,239 for CNCDs is excessive and has detrimental implications for the health and development of Jamaica.

The Cost Effectiveness of Preventing Preterm Delivery in Twin Pregnancies

1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Papiernik ◽  
L.G. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Social ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractAs an extension of previous work on the risk of prematurity in singletons and on the social cost of twin births, an analysis has been carried out into the cost effectiveness of preventing premature delivery in twin pregnancies. The cost of prevention is assessed in terms of early diagnosis through ultrasound screening and of an extra 11 weeks of work leave to expectant mothers. When this cost is compared to the social cost involved in the transfer of newborns to neonatal intensity care units and in supporting handicapped children, it is concluded that the total cost of prevention corresponds to one-third of the long-term costs associated to lack of prevention.

The cost of corruption

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Humberto Monteverde
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Specific Calculation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Corruption ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Theoretical Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways for the formulation of a model for calculating the cost of corruption per country, taking into account the social cost. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is practical exploration; the model is formulated along with the social cost of specific calculation. Based on two specific acts of corruption, bribery and overpricing of public works, these acts are private and public corruption. From there, the model is formulated along with the social cost of specific calculation, based on two specific acts of corruption, bribery and overpricing of public works. Findings This paper concludes that the model is applicable to all the countries of the world, based on their tax structure. Research limitations/implications Limitations do not exist in the model; the additional implications are the extension of the model. The model can be used for local governments or countries. Practical implications Countries can calculate the theoretical cost of corruption in their local, regional or national economies, based on two specific acts of corruption, in political, private and public corruption; bribery and overpricing of public works. Social implications The social implications include knowing the theoretical cost of corruption and their effects. Originality/value The model calculates the cost of corruption and its economic and social impact.

Socioeconomic Burden of Disease Due to Asthma in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Eun-Whan Lee ◽  
Hee-Sun Kim ◽  
Wook Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Nam ◽  
Jae-Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs

This study aimed to estimate the socioeconomic burden of asthma in South Korea. The data were obtained from the National Patient Sample of 2014. The direct costs included health care and non–health care costs, and the indirect costs included loss of productivity. To estimate the prevalence of asthma, this study used both primary diagnoses and treatment-based criteria. The prevalence of asthma was 3.7% using primary diagnosis-based criteria. The total costs of asthma were $645.8 million. The direct and indirect costs were $553.9 million and $92.0 million, respectively. When the treatment-based criteria were applied, the prevalence decreased to 1.8% and the total costs decreased to $465.1 million. The direct and indirect costs were $394.9 million and $70.2 million, respectively. In the future, the cost of asthma, derived from various perspectives, should be regularly estimated and used as a basis for lowering the burden of disease due to asthma.

scholarly journals The Social Cost of Major Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A523
Author(s):  
S Coretti ◽  
G Izzo ◽  
A Cicchetti
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
The Social

A Method of Calculating the Social Cost of “Clean” Electricity

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Nissim Ben-Aderet ◽  
David Soloveitchik
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Clean Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a methodology and estimation of the social benefit of using “clean” technologies of electricity generation. The methodology is based on the margin production cost of electricity and on the avoided pollution cost. The results obtained from our study enable us to estimate the payment to the “clean” electricity producers using the avoided cost methodology. The results show that the social cost for 1 kWh produced by “clean” technologies is higher by 5% than the cost of 1 kwh produced by the mix of the conventional technologies for electricity generation of the same demand level.

scholarly journals The Treatment Pattern and Economic Burden of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in China: A Study based on a Patient-Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yan yang ◽  
Lvya Wang ◽  
Ya Yang ◽  
Wenhui Wen ◽  
Mi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Treatment Pattern ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Economic Burden Of Disease ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Objective: The study aimed to investigate the treatment pattern and economic burden of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) in China, and to evaluate the incidence rate of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) of HoFH patients and their families.Methods: Patients with HoFH diagnosed and treated in Beijing An’Zhen Hospital was included. A questionnaire was developed to investigate and capture the relevant variables of the participants.Results: A total of 120 HoFH patients were investigated, and the number of children (age under 18) was 1.2 times more than adults (age above 18). There were 113 patients with basic medical insurance (including 61 patients with new rural cooperative medical insurance), 4 patients with commercial insurance and 3 patients without any insurance. There were 35 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including 29 adults and 6 children. Only 6 pediatric patients achieved their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets, and all 54 adult patients did not achieve it. The most commonly used treatment method was diet control with lipid-lowering drugs (16.67%), followed by diet control and lipid-lowering drugs using separately (16.67%). The proportion of patients whose annual personal income reached GDP per capita in 2019 was only 2.5%. The total economic burden of disease was 5,529,100 CNY / year, including direct medical costs of 3,427,200 CNY / year, direct non-medical costs of 1,504,500 CNY / year and indirect costs of 611,300 CNY / year; the per capita economic burden of disease was 46,100 CNY / year, including direct medical costs of 28,600 CNY / year, direct non-medical costs of 12,500 CNY / year and indirect costs of 5,100 CNY / year. There were 32 families with CHE due to the disease, accounting for 26.67%.Conclusion: Patients with HoFH in China are generally at young age, and the economic burden of disease for the family is heavy. The existing treatment is not effective, and it is easy to cause premature death due to ASCVD.

scholarly journals Road Supply in Central London: Addition of an Ignored Social Cost

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid M. Rouhani ◽  
Christopher R. Knittel ◽  
Debbie Niemeier
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Land Rents ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Congestion Charging

Studies examining the social cost of driving usually ignore the opportunity cost of having roads in place: the associated land rents. Especially for geographic regions where land is valuable, including the rent costs may even lead governments to close some roads. By using the London congestion charging zone case, a more general long-run social cost curve is calculated with the addition of the rents. Based on the optimal road usage concept, this study found that including the rents in the cost/benefit analysis significantly affects the results and can increase the social cost by up to 200% and decrease the optimal road usage by 40%.

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