scholarly journals Technical and Economical Evaluation of a Fresh-Water Production from Zero-Wastewater Reverse Osmosis System: A Feasibility Study in Jordan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Qasim ◽  
Mohammed Said Obeidat ◽  
Hazem Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
System A ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Million Cubic Meter ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
Further Development

Jordan endures a shortage of fresh drinking water. Thus, there is a wide use of reverse osmosis (RO) units at homes and industrial zones. Zero wastewater, which is a modified reverse osmosis system, is developed and evaluated to overcome the problem of limited water. In Jordan, for example, Petra Company for Water Treatment Systems was established to mass-produce the newly modified RO units. In this study, a feasibility study is conducted to evaluate the technical and economical aspects of mass production of the new RO systems. With increasing future demand for fresh water, it is expected that the introduction of the new system to regional countries would save huge amounts of water. Additionally, good economical impacts will be achieved as a net profit to the newly established company. This expected extra profit would be set the base for further development to the modified RO system, such as introducing a compact multistage filtration unit. Results of the feasibility study showed a huge amount of water saving per annum estimated by 4.5 million cubic meter. In addition, a half million of Jordanian Dinar (JD) of a net annual profit attained at the current demand of RO units in Jordan.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of logging road elements plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Sablin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Skrypnikov ◽  
V.G. Kozlov ◽  
V.S. Prokopets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
System A ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Geometric Elements ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Further Development

The peculiarities of the research work are stated and the need for its further development is shown. Taking into account the structural links and limitations of the system, a mathematical model of the feasibility study of the total reduced costs of the route plan, the longitudinal profile and the width of the carriageway was compiled, which has a various amount of construction and operating costs reduced to the initial year in a predetermined search area. The objective function is determined, which is the main part of the mathematical model including all the elements and connections of the feasibility study of the timber haul roads elements. It is concluded that the search for the optimal combination of geometric elements and the timing of their change is an extreme task, and the best method for solving it is to determine the state of the system corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function, which is the sum of construction and operating costs reduced to the initial year.

Design Optimization of a Solar-Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination System for Small Communities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihun Kim ◽  
Karim Hamza ◽  
Mohamed El Morsi ◽  
Ashraf O. Nassef ◽  
Sayed Metwalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Solar Powered

Fresh water availability is essential for the economic development in small communities in remote areas. In desert climate, where naturally occurring fresh water is scarce, seawater or brackish water from wells is often more abundant. Since water desalination approaches are energy intensive, a strong motivation exists for the design of cost-effective desalination systems that utilize the abundant renewable energy resource; solar energy. This paper presents an optimization model of a solar-powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system. RO systems rely on pumping salty water at high pressure through semi-permeable membrane modules. Under sufficient pressure, water molecules will flow through the membranes, leaving salt ions behind, and are collected in a fresh water stream. Since RO system are primarily powered via electricity, the system model incorporates photovoltaic (PV) panels, and battery storage for smoothing out fluctuations in the PV power output, as well as allowing system operation for a number of hours after sunset. Design variables include sizing of the PV solar collectors, battery storage capacity, as well as the sizing of the RO system membrane module and power elements. The objective is to minimize the cost of unit volume produced fresh water, subject to constraints on production capacity. A genetic algorithm is used to generate and compare optimal designs for two different locations near the Red Sea and Sinai.

scholarly journals Deep neural network techniques in the calibration of space-charge distortion fluctuations for the ALICE TPC

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Sergey Gorbunov ◽  
Ernst Hellbär ◽  
Gian Michele Innocenti ◽  
Marian Ivanov ◽  
Maja Kabus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Space Charge ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Alice Experiment ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
System A ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
Readout Scheme ◽  
Further Development

The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC was upgraded for Run 3 and Run 4. Readout chambers based on Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology and a new readout scheme allow continuous data taking at the highest interaction rates expected in Pb-Pb collisions. Due to the absence of a gating grid system, a significant amount of ions created in the multiplication region is expected to enter the TPC drift volume and distort the uniform electric field that guides the electrons to the readout pads. Analytical calculations were considered to correct for space-charge distortion fluctuations but they proved to be too slow for the calibration and reconstruction workflow in Run 3. In this paper, we discuss a novel strategy developed by the ALICE Collaboration to perform distortion-fluctuation corrections with machine learning and convolutional neural network techniques. The results of preliminary studies are shown and the prospects for further development and optimization are also discussed.

Pipeline Monitoring System: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Aibinu M A ◽  
Ojo J A ◽  
Oke A O ◽  
Bala J A ◽  
Solomon I D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
System A ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring

scholarly journals Liquid Biphasic System: A Recent Bioseparation Technology

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Shiong Khoo ◽  
Hui Yi Leong ◽  
Kit Wayne Chew ◽  
Jun-Wei Lim ◽  
Tau Chuan Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Biphasic System ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
System A ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Further Development

A well-known bioseparation technique namely liquid biphasic system (LBS) has attracted many researchers’ interest for being an alternative bioseparation technology for various kinds of biomolecules. The present review begins with an in-depth discussion on the fundamental principle of LBS and this is followed by the discussion on further development of various phase-forming components in LBS. Additionally, the implementation of various advance technologies to the LBS that is beneficial towards the efficiency of LBS for the extraction, separation, and purification of biomolecules was discussed. The key parameters affecting the LBS were presented and evaluated. Moreover, future prospect and challenges were highlighted to be a useful guide for future development of LBS. The efforts presented in this review will provide an insight for future researches in liquid-liquid separation techniques.

Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination Technology and Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 339-372
Author(s):  
Man Djun Lee ◽  
Pui San Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Desalination Technology

This chapter gives an overview about reverse osmosis membrane desalination technology and process. Desalination process can be considered as one of the crucial processes in obtaining fresh water to meet the increasing fresh water demand throughout the world. Desalination process begins with the intake of seawater or brackish water. The intake system usually comprises a pump and piping system. Then, the seawater goes through pre-treatment process. From there, the treated seawater will go through desalination process. The most widely used desalination is membrane desalination utilizing reverse osmosis membrane. After desalination process, the fresh water will go through more filtration and a series of post-treatment. Post-treatment consists of conditioning and stabilizing the water for distribution. This chapter concludes with a case study to illustrate the operation and sustainability of a small-scale desalination plant that utilizes brackish city polluted water as source.

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