scholarly journals Does Road Investment Really Promote the Export? Evidence from Sichuan County-level Data of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Lihe Xu ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Xiaoshan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
County Level ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tradable Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Whether road infrastructure promotes export is still a concerned issue debated in the previous studies. In this paper, we conduct a panel data using two data sources from year 2003 to 2013, examining the relationship between road investment and export. The primary results show that road investment significantly restricts local export. A further test indicates that the road infrastructure benefits service sector, 1) abstract more private capital investment on service sector than manufacturing sector, 2) reduce the employee of tradable sector. Then manufacturing sector was constrained. The results are robust when a set test is carried out.

scholarly journals An Improved Indicator System for Evaluating the Progress of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Sub-Target 9.1 in County Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Xu ◽  
Jianjun Bai ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indicator System ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
County Level ◽  
Road Density ◽  
The Road ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Rural Access ◽  
The Relationship

In order to assess the progress of the SDG sub-target 9.1 at the county level, the SDG indicator 9.1.1 (rural access index) and 9.1.2 (passenger and freight volumes) were implemented in Deqing County, China to explore the fitness-for-purpose of these indicators for county level evaluations. It is found that the country-oriented indicator system has some localization problems and cannot fully reflect the connotation of the SDG sub-target 9.1 when used in the county level. An improved indicator system was built by modifying the SDG indicator 9.1.1 and adding three more indicators (namely the road density, accessibility, and total postal business). The analysis of the calculation process and results showed that the improved indicator system can solve the problems arising from the original SDG indicator when applied in the county level. The modified resident access index can eliminate the dependence of the original indicator 9.1.1 calculations on urban-rural boundary data, and takes into account the urban vulnerable groups such as urban villages residents. While the road density and accessibility can be used to measure the quantity, quality, and connectivity of the road and the reality of the residents to obtain the road, which enables the indicators to reflect the necessary details of the level of the transportation infrastructure construction. The total postal business can help the SDG indicator 9.1.2 reflect the relationship between the transportation infrastructure construction and the development of the economic and people’s livelihood.

scholarly journals The evolution of infant mortality inequality in the United States, 1960–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (29) ◽  
pp. eaba5908
Author(s):  
Nick Turner ◽  
Kaveh Danesh ◽  
Kelsey Moran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Antipoverty Programs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Mortality Inequality

What is the relationship between infant mortality and poverty in the United States and how has it changed over time? We address this question by analyzing county-level data between 1960 and 2016. Our estimates suggest that level differences in mortality rates between the poorest and least poor counties decreased meaningfully between 1960 and 2000. Nearly three-quarters of the decrease occurred between 1960 and 1980, coincident with the introduction of antipoverty programs and improvements in medical care for infants. We estimate that declining inequality accounts for 18% of the national reduction in infant mortality between 1960 and 2000. However, we also find that level differences between the poorest and least poor counties remained constant between 2000 and 2016, suggesting an important role for policies that improve the health of infants in poor areas.

scholarly journals Impact of Corporate Governance index on Firm Performance: evidence from Pakistani manufacturing sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Javaid ◽  
Abdul Saboor
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Inconsistent Result ◽  
Governance Index ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship

Corporate governance is considered to have significant impact on the growth and development perspective of an economy. Sound corporate governance practices leads the economy towards the achievement of higher performance, provide sources for capital investment by increasing the creditability of shareholders. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship of corporate governance and firm performance in terms of accounting as well as market performance i.e.to be measured by Return on asset, Return on equity and Tobin’s Q. The theoretical base to conduct the study is the demand of separation of ownership and control characterize as agency theory. The previous studies have yielded inconsistent result. To achieve the purpose 58 manufacturing sector companies were selected listed in the Karachi stock exchange and data was taken from annual reports of the companies for the period of 2009 to 2013. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression estimation using pooled, fixed effect, random effect and Hausman specification test were carried out after developing a composite index based on 21 proxies. The result entails that corporate governance index (CGI) and firm performance has positive and significant association but the relationship for each specific index is dependent upon the measure of firm performance. The result also shows that companies having strong corporate governance mechanism has greater chances to acquire finance. The implication of study demands that the reform effort should be directed towards the improvement in internal corporate governance mechanism and regulatory framework for the governance system.

Reverse Productivity Spillovers in the OECD: The Contrasting Roles of R&D and Capital

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zámborský ◽  
Elena J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Foreign Affiliates ◽  
Knowledge Seeking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment

This paper analyzes the relationship between research and development (R&D) and capital investment by domestic firms and the productivity of foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises in developed countries. We explain why “reverse spillovers” from domestic to foreign firms might differ when R&D and capital are considered as two separate channels. Using industry-level data for eight Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies (including the Czech Republic and Slovakia) in 2001–2007, we find robust evidence that R&D investment by local firms is positively associated with the productivity of affiliates of foreign firms. Our findings and theory add to the relatively scarce research on reverse spillovers and contribute to the literature on knowledge-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI).

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Road Infrastructure Budgetary Expenditures and Commercial Property Investment Returns. Case Study of Fadikpe Area Minna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Suleiman Yakubu ◽  
Ajayi Adeyemi ◽  
Abass Sule ◽  
Rukaiyyat Ogunbajo
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper examines the relationship existing between commercial property investment returns and public capital investment (budgetary expenditures) on road infrastructure in Fadikpe area, Minna (Nigeria) with the aim of determining the degree of impact of public capital investment on commercial property investment returns. The paper addresses a pertinent policy and practice question on the impact of government’s budgetary expenditures on real estate sector of the economy. Government increasingly faces funding challenges in providing new infrastructure or improvement of existing ones, thus, keen to know the areas of greater impact of its expenditures and the extent to which the benefits from the impact may go in augmenting or providing funds (through tax) for new road infrastructure provision or repair of existing ones. The research uses the before-and-after case method to identify an increase in property values (rental and sales) as measured by the trend of property investment returns before-and-after budgetary expenditures. The results show that commercial property investment returns in the area increased after budgetary expenditure (road construction) took place. The results form the basis upon which the government should consider more budgetary allocations and expenditures related to road transportation infrastructure in its budgetary allocation decisions. The results also quantify the proposed alternative source of funding (property tax) that can be harnessed via capturing the increase in property investment returns.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Evidence from Manufacturing and Service Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Raj Bahadur Sharma ◽  
Asha Sharma ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Jyoti Dadhich
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Corporate Social Responsibility is the commitment for the equitable and sustainable development of the community. In the growth of society, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has had a huge influence and builds a healthy bond and a strong relationship. The company’s mainly focus on the three level of sustainable development–Environmental Preservation, Financial growth, and Social Development. The present study objective is to examine the impact of CSR on financial performance of selected manufacturing and service sector companies in India. The study also revealed the relationship between CSR score with ROE, ROA, and ROCE.  The study considered financial data of the Indian manufacturing and service industry for the year 2008 to 2017.  Correlation technique had been used to examine the relationship of CSR score and the financial parameters. The result the result shows that ROE, ROA, and ROCE have a negative correlation with CSR Score of Manufacturing Sector Companies. Whereas, ROE has positive correlation with CSR Score of Service Sector Companies together with ROA and ROCE have a strong a positive correlation with CSR Score of Service Sector Companies.  Hence, this result suggests that there is no significant association between CSR Score and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Sector Companies.   Received: 17 February 2021 / Accepted: 9 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

scholarly journals Population Change and Income Inequality in Rural America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn L.W. Butler ◽  
Grace Wildermuth ◽  
Brian C. Thiede ◽  
David L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the effects of population growth and decline on county-level income inequality in the United States from 1980 to 2016. Findings from previous research have shown that income inequality is positively associated with population change, but these studies have not explicitly tested for differences between the impacts of population growth and decline. Understanding the implications of population dynamics is particularly important given that many rural areas are characterized by population decline. We analyze county-level data (n=15,375 county-decades) from the Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS), applying fixed effects models to estimate the respective effects of population growth and decline on income inequality, to identify the processes that mediate the links between population change and inequality, and to assess whether these effects are moderated by county-level economic and demographic characteristics. We find evidence that population decline is associated with increased levels of income inequality relative to counties experiencing stable and high rates of population growth. This relationship remains robust across a variety of model specifications, including models that account for changes in counties’ employment, sociodemographic, and ethnoracial composition. We also find that the relationship between income inequality and population change varies by metropolitan status, baseline level of inequality, and region.

scholarly journals Abortion Facility Closings and Abortion Rates in Texas

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 004695801770094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Quast ◽  
Fidel Gonzalez ◽  
Robert Ziemba
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
County Level ◽  
Us States ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Abortion Clinics

From 2004 to 2014, the overall abortion rate in Texas fell by almost a third from 10.7 to 7.2 abortions per 1000 women aged 10 to 49 years. During this same period, the number of abortion clinics operating at least 6 months in the year fell from 40 to 27. We examined the relationship between the abortion rate and the proximity of abortion facilities. We matched annual, county-level data on abortion rates in Texas from 2004 through 2014 with the distance from the county centroids to the nearest abortion facility in operation. Linear regressions were used to estimate the association between abortion rates and proximity to abortion facilities. The regressions controlled for county-level and state-level characteristics as well as the availability of abortion services in neighboring US states and Mexico. We found that a 100-mile increase in distance to the nearest abortion facility was associated with a 10% decrease in the overall abortion rate. The relationship appeared to be driven largely by distances of 200 miles or more. The overall relationship was generally present for whites and blacks, whereas the pattern was less clear for Hispanics. The analysis indicated that the overall association was driven largely by women aged 20 to 34 years. Decreased access to abortion facilities was associated with decreases in the abortion rate, yet the relationship varied by race/ethnicity and age. As such, regulations that affect the operational status of abortion facilities likely have differential effects on women.

scholarly journals SMEs’ dynamic capabilities and value creation: the mediating role of competitive strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-613
Author(s):  
Mona Rashidirad ◽  
Hamid Salimian
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Competitive Strategy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this research is to explicate the role of dynamic capabilities in the ability of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to create value and also investigate the relationship among different dynamic capabilities, competitive strategy and SMEs’ value sources. Design/methodology/approach Empirical evidence based on a survey conducted on a sample of 441 UK-based SMEs was used to test the research hypotheses. Findings The findings illustrate that sensing, learning, integrating and coordinating capabilities play a significant role in SMEs’ value creation, and competitive strategy mediates the impact of dynamic capabilities on value creation. Research limitations/implications This study demonstrates the benefits of understanding the relationship among the four types of dynamic capabilities, competitive strategy and value creation. Moreover, this study contributes to the notion of the contingency nature of dynamic capabilities. Practical implications It offers managers insight into the aspects on which to focus their efforts to enhance their firm’s capacity of value creation. Originality/value While much of the prior studies have conceptually/qualitatively investigated the financial return of uni-dimensional dynamic capabilities of large firms in the manufacturing sector, this study made a significant effort to quantitatively examine the non-financial value potential of SMEs in service sector through four processes of dynamic capabilities.

Is Structural Transformation-led Economic Growth Immiserizing or Inclusive? The Case of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyunghoon Kim ◽  
Andy Sumner ◽  
Arief Anshory Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between the recent pattern of structural transformation in the Indonesian economy and poverty reduction. In the past two decades, Indonesia has become a service-centred economy while its manufacturing sector has ceased to act as the driver of structural transformation. Further, the manufacturing sector’s capacity to generate employment and to lead productivity growth has deteriorated compared to that during the two decades prior to the Asian financial crisis. Since the late 1990s, Indonesia has also experienced a slowdown in poverty reduction and a rapid increase in inequality. This chapter argues that Indonesia’s economic growth will struggle to be as dynamic as that during the high-growth period if the service sector in its current form continues to lead structural transformation. This is because Indonesia’s service subsectors with large employment absorptive capacity have low productivity compared to the industrial subsectors. Without recovering dynamism in structural transformation, Indonesia’s fight against poverty and inequality is expected to be difficult.

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