scholarly journals Harnessing the Tension from Context-duality in Historic Urban Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejeng B. Ukabi

The quest for improvement and upgrading of the historic urban environment through coexisting historical context and new context had introduced tension over the previous years. The resultant flows have jeopardized the harmonious layers of historical settings. The concept of conservation that provides the needed bridge between the forces in many cases implemented exhibits a no consideration of the three polarities that controls historic areas. The aftermath shows up in two ways. At one end is convergence and divergence at the other but the emphasis of this paper focuses on investigating what happens in historic urban environments when annex developments exceed historic limits? Historic Limit (HL) is the hidden benchmark and maximum point of the historic urban environment at which the forces produced by the two contexts coexist elastically. In order to answer the generated question, a literature review of the keywords that constitutes the topic is explored. The ideas of Warren John on ‘interaction’ and that of Getty Conservation Institute on ‘relationship’ that happens in the built above environment will buttress the argument. A model that represents the correlation of the two contexts is developed to simplify the overall intentions of the essay. Another technique is the selection of two composite annex cases to validate the targeted objectives. The article is concluded by recommending that conservation schemes in historic urban landscapes should adopt consensus design strategy for tackling context tension. As a sure way of sustainably welcoming the voices of the community in the process before implementation of the development.

Author(s):  
Marija Šperac ◽  
Dino Obradović

The urbanization process significantly reduced the permeability of land surfaces, which affected the changes of runoff characteristics and the relations in the hydrological cycle. In urban environments, the relationships within the hydrological cycle have changed in quantity, in particular: precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and infiltration. By applying the green infrastructure (GI) to urban environments is beneficial for the water resources and the social community. GI has an effect on the improvement of ecological, economic, and social conditions. Using GI into urban areas increases the permeability of land surfaces, whereby decreasing surface runoff, and thus the frequency of urban floods. It also has a significant influence on the regulation of air quality, water purification, climate change impact, and the changes in the appearance of the urban environment. When planning and designing the GI, it is necessary to identify the type of GI and determine the size and location of the selected GI. Since each urban environment has its own characteristics, it is necessary to analyze them before deciding on the GI. The paper analyzed meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperature, insolation, air humidity) affecting the selection of GI types, using the specific example of an urban environment – the City of Osijek, Croatia. Significant parameters when designing GI are operation and maintenance These parameters directly affect the efficiency of GI. The proper selection of GI and its location results in maximum gains: the reduction of land surface drainage - drainage of the sewage system, purification and retention of precipitation at the place of production, the improvement of air quality, and the improvement of living conditions in urban environments


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Neki ◽  
Milly Lumumba ◽  
Sudeshna Mitra ◽  
Soames Job

Speed has fundamental economic costs which are hidden for many stakeholders. On the other hand, the economic benefits of speed are highly visible and strongly promoted by benefiting stakeholders and indeed carefully considered in cost-benefit assessments by road operating agencies. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to explore and present the benefits and costs of low speed roads in urban environments.


Author(s):  
David Coldwell ◽  
Sarah Coldwell

The increasing reported incidents of knife crime in cities and the release on parole of “rehabilitated” violent criminals are creating an unsafe urban environment. Such occurrences suggest that measures taken to address psychopathic-oriented behaviour may have been ineffective because the individual’s degree of “moral deficit” is not fully accounted for in the application of specific therapies. This study developed a theoretical model of “moral deficit” that is aligned with the appropriateness of therapy, ranging from the extreme “classical approach” of total confinement justified by a belief in the incurability of psychopaths to the modern therapy that aims to reintegrate the psychopath with society using “moralizing therapy”. Analysis of secondary data from extant literature was used to develop the theoretical model of “moral deficit”. Secondary data analysis suggests that the extent of psychopathic “moral deficit” may be an important factor in the selection of appropriate therapeutic measures for psychopathy treatment and the rehabilitation of psychopaths as law-abiding members of society. We conclude that a specific type of psychopathic moral deficit may have an important bearing on the appropriateness of treatment. It is recommended that the treatment of psychopathy makes greater provision for the extent and type of psychopathic “moral deficit” in assessing the most appropriate applications for the treatment of psychopathy and promoting the safety of urban environments.


2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Jean-Dominique Polack ◽  
Philippe Taupin ◽  
Hyun In Jo ◽  
Jin Yong Jeon

We present an experiment run along the lines of a pilot experiment in China based on collages and narratives to illustrate the participants’ experience with urban sceneries. Its aim was to develop a conceptual model based on narrative analysis that linked objects of the environment to the perceived properties of the soundscape. Participants in groups of two were free to clip any image they wanted from a selection of magazines—the same for all groups within each country—and free to add comments or drawings on their collages. Then, they had to present their collages to the other participants, and the presentations were recorded and transcribed. The structural semantic model that underlies the descriptions of the collages and narratives is presented. The results of the analysis were comparable with previous studies, since ideal urban environments should be calm, quiet and green, but urban environments should also promote cultural activities and the possibility to escape outside the city. The analysis also allowed for attaining the emotions created by soundscapes. Thus, the semantic model can be used as a conceptual model for a soundscape, from which guidelines for soundscape planning and design can be derived, as well as suggestions for innovative soundscapes.


Paranoia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Freeman ◽  
Jason Freeman

Welcome to Camberwell, home of the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London. In many ways Camberwell is typical of inner-city London: built-up, busy, and ethnically very diverse. It’s also an area of considerable poverty. In the 2004 Index of Multiple Deprivation—a government-sponsored survey of living standards across England—Camberwell was ranked at 6,327 out of 32,482. This sounds alright until you know that the most deprived area is ranked number 1 and the least deprived number 32,482. (Parts of the Anfield area of inner-city north Liverpool were officially deemed the most deprived place in England in 2004; the village of Oakley in rural Hampshire took place number 32,482.) Pictured opposite is the area’s main shopping street. Follow it far enough and it’ll lead you to the Thames, but the wide expanse of the river seems a very long way from the run-down, traffic-clogged, and people-thronged streets of Camberwell. What effect—if any—does an urban environment like this have on paranoia? To find out, we asked fifteen volunteers with strongly paranoid thoughts to walk down the Camberwell Road from the Institute, buy a newspaper, and come back. Afterwards they were given a range of psychological tests. Finally, their test scores were compared to those of fifteen other people, again all with pronounced paranoia, who’d simply stayed at the Institute listening to a relaxation tape. Did making the trip down the Camberwell Road increase the volunteers’ level of paranoia? Absolutely. And given the stressful nature of the environment that didn’t come as a surprise. (As we saw in Chapter 3, there’s a well-established link between stress, particularly in urban environments, and mental illness.) More intriguing though were the results of one particular psychological test: the beads task. In the beads task, participants are presented with two glass jars. One contains 85 orange beads and 15 black beads; the other contains 85 black and 15 orange. The beads have been mixed up in the jars. The researcher conducting the test chooses one of the jars (without telling the participant), and moves them both out of view.


Author(s):  
Katayoun Jahangiri ◽  
Hasti Borgheipour ◽  
Saeid Bahramzadeh Gendeshmin ◽  
Amirhossein Matin ◽  
Ghazaleh Monazami Tehrani

Purpose The inevitable occurrence of natural disasters and crisis arising from them causes a lot of losses globally, particularly in disaster-prone countries such as Iran. One of the main issues considered by organizations involved in crisis management is the selection of suitable sites for temporary sheltering for disaster victims. This study aims to choose safe places to establish temporary sheltering in urban environment. Design/methodology/approach Initially, relevant factors are identified by reviewing literature and through consultation with disaster experts. Next, the important layers were collected and analytical hierarchy process was used to assess the criteria weights based on their effectiveness on selection of safe sites for temporary sheltering. Finally, for integrating layers of factors, overlay and fuzzy models were used in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, and subsequently, a proper map was prepared and suitable areas were identified. Findings 7 main criteria and 19 sub-criteria were selected to provide safe places for temporary sheltering. The results of fuzzy model in this study provide more accurate and limited safe areas for temporary sheltering when compared to index overlay model. Originality/value The results of this study will help decision-makers and local and regional managers to reduce the vulnerability of at-risk communities in urban environments. Moreover, choosing appropriate places for temporary shelters would help build community disaster resilience according to these criteria.


Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emilio Duhau ◽  
Ángela Giglia

En este artículo se aborda el fenómeno de la expansión simultánea y explosiva, desde fines de los años 80, del gran comercio globalizado y del comercio informal y callejero en diversas modalidades en todo el espacio metropolitano de la Ciudad de México, incluidas las zonas populares. Los procesos subyacentes a este fenómeno son explorados con base en la observación de las prácticas de consumo de la población metropolitana, realizada en áreas testigo distribuidas en distintas zonas de la conurbación y correspondientes a diferentes tipos de contextos urbanos y estratos socioespaciales. El análisis de estas evidencias muestra, por una parte, que se asiste a una reconfiguración de las prácticas de consumo que presentan, como era de esperarse, perfiles diferenciados de acuerdo con la localización de la vivienda en el espacio metropolitano, el tipo de hábitat en la que ésta se inserta, el nivel socio-económico de individuos y hogares y el contraste entre movilidades basadas en el uso habitual del automóvil o del transporte público. Pero, por otra parte, que están marcadas en conjunto por una economía específica de la movilidad y por la complementariedad entre las formas globalizadas del consumo, que tienden a incorporar, aunque de forma diferenciada, a todas las clases sociales, y el papel jugado por el micro-comercio informal.Abstract: This paper addresses the phenomenon of the simultaneous and explosive expansion since the late eighties across Mexico City metropolitan space, of the globalized retail chains and informal street microcommerce. The processes linked to this phenomenon are explored by examining evidence regarding metropolitan population consumer practice, observed in a sample of neighborhood areas concerning a wide spectrum of urban environments and sociospatial strata coexisting in the metropolitan territory. The analysis shows, on one hand, transformation of consumer practices that, as expected, are differentiated according to residential location and corresponding urban environment, individual and household socio-economic level, and alternative forms of mobility (private car/public transport). But, on the other hand, these practices are also shaped by a specific economy of mobility and by specific compatibilities between globalized consumer forms which tend to incorporate, though under different modalities, all social classes, and the role played by the informal micro-commerce.Résumé: Cet article aborde le phénomène de l’expansion simultanée et explosive du grand commerce globalisé et du commerce informel et de rue sous diverses formes, depuis la fin des années 80, dans tout l’espace métropolitain de la Ville de Mexico, y compris dans les zones populaires. Les processus sous-jacents à ce phénomène sont explorés à partir de l’observation des pratiques de consommation de la population métropolitaine, réalisée dans des zones tests distribuées dans différentes espaces de l’agglomération et correspondant à différents types de contextes urbains et de strates socio-spatiales. D’un côté, l’analyse des résultats montre une reconfiguration des pratiques de consommation qui, comme on pouvait s’y attendre, dévoile des profils différenciés en fonction de la localisation résidentielle dans l’espace métropolitain, du type d’habitat, du niveau socio-économique des individus et des ménages et le contraste entre moyens habituels de déplacement, motorisés ou de transport public. De l’autre, ces pratiques sont marquées dans leur ensemble par une économie de la mobilité, par la complémentarité entre les formes globalisées de la consommation qui tendent à pénétrer de manière différenciée toutes les classes sociales et le rôle joué par le microcommerce informel.


Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Xi-Qiao Feng ◽  
Yan-Ping Cao ◽  
Huajian Gao

This study aimed to develop a method to construct tensegrity structures from elementary cells, defined as structures consisting of only one bar connected with a few strings. Comparison of various elementary cells leads to the further selection of the so-called ‘Z-shaped’ cell, which contains one bar and three interconnected strings, as the elementary module to assemble the Z-based spatial tensegrity structures. The graph theory is utilized to analyse the topology of strings required to construct this type of tensegrity structures. It is shown that ‘a string net can be used to construct a Z-based tensegrity structure if and only if its topology is a simple and bridgeless cubic graph’. Once the topology of strings has been determined, one can easily design the associated tensegrity structure by adding a deterministic number of bars. Two schemes are suggested for this design strategy. One is to enumerate all possible topologies of Z-based tensegrity for a specified number of bars or cells, and the other is to determine the tensegrity structure from a vertex-truncated polyhedron. The method developed in this paper allows us to construct various types of novel tensegrity structures.


1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.


Author(s):  
Zimmatul Liviana

The research grammatical interference in a collection ofshort stories Biarkan Aku Memula iwork Nurul F. Hudaisa collection ofshort storiesset in the back that Is start work Let Nurul F. Huda contains many grammatical interference.The problem of this   study were(1)how   the various morphologi calinterference containedin   a   collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. (2)how the various syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. The purposeof this studyis to describe the morphological and         Syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and use in society. Interference is the event of the use of language elements of one into the other language elements that occur in the speakers themselves. This research uses descriptive qualitative method because to describe the actual realityin order to obtainan accurateand objective. Qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyzethe elements ofa word orphrase that incorporated elements of other languages with the analysis and description of the formulation of the problem is the answer. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, the determination ofthe object of research, the selection of short stories.Based on the analysis of the data in this study can be found that there are six forms of interference morphology, namely (1) the prefix nasal N-sound, (2) the addition of the suffix, (3) the exchange prefix, (4) exchange suffixes, (5) exchange konfiks, (6) removal affixes. While the syntactic interference only on the words and phrases in a sentence. The results of the study it can be concluded that the interference morphology more common than syntactic interference.


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