scholarly journals A Historical Appraisal of Development in the Nigerian Society from Pre-Colonial to Post-Colonial Periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Ugwukah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economic Attainment ◽  
Time Frames

Although development studies of the Nigerian society has been done from various time frames and perspectives in order to ascertain the level of economic attainment, scant scholarly attention has been given to a wholesome historical appraisal of the Nigerian state from pre-colonial to post-colonial periods. The reason for this tendency is not unrelated to the enormity of issues and happenstances which characterized such a lengthy scope of study. However, given the necessity of an in-depth audit, it has become overly important to attempt/endeavor into a research that can offer a precise, meaningful and valuable guide for developmental indices in a country with such vast economic resources and diverse ethnic population. In fulfilment of this objective, the study adopted a Mixed Method Research (MMR) design involving elements of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Although the work is qualitative dominant in historical research methodology, elements of quantitative drives was derived from an earlier research-wellbeing for Nigeria (Fig. 1) which corroborated findings from the oral interviews and the secondary sources from journals, library search, books and other literature. Additionally, recourse was made to Growth, Trade and Dependency Development theoretical framework of analysis which guided the validation of the findings. Findings of the work revealed that the Nigerian state has been enveloped in developmental crises for several decades, consequent upon ethnic and cultural pluralism, improper economic planning and productivity and corruption. The work concluded that, for Nigeria to attain meaningful socio-economic development, more resolute measures of the management of its resources and diversity should be put in place through good governance. The work recommended that the federal government should design and put in place people-oriented reform programs to promote social enhancement, economic empowerment at both rural and urban areas of the country and eradication of poverty.

scholarly journals E-Governance as a Roadmap to Good Governance: A Digital Punjab Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-915
Author(s):  
Ume Laila ◽  
Najma Sadiq ◽  
Tahir Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Fiaz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government

A new wave of technology hit at the turn of millennium which inspired millions around the world to utilize information technology in their daily lives. Governments have also started taking technological initiatives, as it makes their processes cost and time efficient – but the question remains, does e-governance make the government activities transparent as well? What is the level of accountability in the e-governance mechanism? Innovations in the government processes are flowing easily after the advent of e-governance. Even though there is a huge digital divide between the rural and urban areas of Pakistan, which consequently translates into slower implementation of technological services, in backward areas, the Punjab Information and Technology boards is taking leaps in delivering the public service which spans but is not limited to the health, education and law and order sectors.

scholarly journals Education in Domestic Tourism - The Bakony-Balaton Geopark

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Peter Maltesics
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
School Programs

The essay is dealing with the development of a special form of education in the Northern-Balaton region of Hungary. There are some kinds of tourism products and education techniques that are characterized by the area of Balaton-Uplands Nature Reserve. The mentioned region became one of the most attractive destinations from the aspect of recreational ways and cultural sites. First of all, the geological and geomorphological shapes and sites in addition to other cultural factors introduce the visitor into the scientifically examination. The investigated factors of the proposed paprer are extended and include site typology, complex research of tourism supply and demand, integration into the school program, tourism management inquests among others. I used primary and secondary sources in methodology such as online mapping, measurement and locating geosites through GPS coordinates, audio-and photo recording, academic literature analyzing. Balaton Uplands has a uniqueness in the tourism market, and in this lecture, I try to illustrate them partially through the best practices. In the case of this study, it provides some information about strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of these regions and shows other touristic potentials of the rural and urban areas. However, it is necessary to interpret the comprehensive relations between the core product (geotour) and the related facilities. The researched aspect in question is how strong is the relation to natural values, sports facilities, cultural heritage, and gastronomy. From another perspective, it is also considerable, how could we integrate efficiently the educational techniques into the school programs?

scholarly journals Study of Sports Motivation of Students from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
MIHAI OLĂNESCU
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Perceived Reasons ◽  
Sports Activities

ABSTRACT. Introduction: The purpose of this article is to analyze the motivation to practice sports and physical activities among university students. Objectives: To identify the perceived reasons, as well as the existing differences between the students from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, regarding the motivation to practice sports and physical activities, depending on the gender and the area of residence. Methods: To find out what motivates university students to take part in various physical sports activities, we conducted a study in the academic year 2019-2020, with 257 participants. The method of quantitative research and the technique of administering questionnaires by sociological survey was used. The research tool was the Sports Motivation Scale-6 (SMS-6; Mallett et al., 2007), which is an evaluation of contextual motivation meant to ascertain the perceived reasons for practicing sports activities. Results: Regarding the behavior of practicing sports among students at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, male students are more motivated compared to female students and intrinsic motivation is predominant compared to other types of motivation. The area of residence does not seem to influence differently the motivation of students to practice sports, the scores obtained on each type of motivation being very close between the respondents from rural and urban areas. Conclusions: Physical education and sports are perceived by some students as a school obligation (external motivation), by others as a recreational, compensatory or recovery activity, while for most of them it means fun, a way to meet new people and to enjoy their company (intrinsic motivation).

scholarly journals Comparison of Students’ Attitudes in Science Subjects In Urban And Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Astalini Astalini ◽  
Dwi Agus Kurniawan ◽  
Darmaji Darmaji ◽  
Lika Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Government

This study aims to determine differences in attitudes held by students who are in rural and urban areas. Because attitude is the most important thing in 21st century education. The methodology in this study uses quantitative research with a survey design that uses a total sample of 2815 students based on total sampling collection techniques. In this study, using the ANOVA test with Poshoc further tests to determine differences in attitudes held by students. The results of this study found differences in attitudes held by students in rural areas and students in urban areas, that there were significant differences held by students in science subjects. Therefore, by knowing the differences that are owned by urban and rural students can be used as a benchmark by the government to develop education that can also focus on students' affective, not just cognitive so that teachers can also apply appropriate learning methods aimed at making students able to have a good attitude that will help themselves both in school and in the community.

scholarly journals Gambian Women’s Struggles through Collective Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. p41
Author(s):  
Fatou Janneh
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Political Patronage

Women have a long history of organizing collective action in The Gambia. Between the 1970s to the 1990s, they were instrumental?to The Gambia’s politics. Yet they?have?held no political power within its government. This paper argues that, since authorities failed to serve women’s interests, Gambian women resorted to using collective action to overcome their challenges through kafoolu and kompins [women’s grassroots organizations] operating in the rural and urban areas. They shifted their efforts towards organizations that focused on social and political change. These women’s organizations grew significantly as they helped women to promote social and economic empowerment. The women cultivated political patronage with male political leaders to achieve their goals. Political leaders who needed popular support to buttress their political power under the new republican government cash in patronage. Thus, this study relies on primary data from oral interviews. Secondary sources such as academic journals, books, and policy reports provide context to the study.

scholarly journals Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Anjum Bano Kazimi ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shaikh ◽  
Stephen John
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Discriminative Behavior

This study of the role and perception of mothers in developing gender discrimination is focused on analyzing mother's role, as their role in developing child personality and social behavior is proved by the researches. Present research is a mixed method research, mothers were the population , a total 183 mothers were selected, data was collected through questionnaire and 16 mothers were selected for personal interview through purposive and random sampling .Validity was ascertained through expert opinion and reliability through Cronbach alpha .Results indicated that mothers from rural and urban areas of Sindh Pakistan have almost similar and very obvious discriminative behavior for daughters and sons mother do not realized implications of their behavior and they presents many arguments to justify their gender discriminative behavior. We concluded that awareness of the consequences of their behavior and education should be emphasized to change discriminative behavior for minimizing gender gap.

The Politics of Liberation (1965–1980)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rich Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
Church Organizations

Chapter 2 argues that this period is characterized by ambiguity and contestation between competing political groups and their civilian supporters, which plays an important role in shaping post-colonial political dynamics. It begins with an examination of nationalist politics, and the legacy of the liberation war on guerrillas, civilians and their relationships in both rural and urban areas. The juxtaposition of diverse ideological and personal divisions within and between these groups, alongside great pressure for "unity," is crucial for understanding the dynamics of nationalist coalition-building that extend into the post-colonial period. The chapter explores the mobilization of support and the complex relationship between key supporter groups—rural peasants, urban dwellers of all races, labor and church organizations—and the nationalist movements, as well as intersectional complexities of gender and race. It highlights the often under-appreciated tensions of urban residential growth during the liberation war. The chapter concludes by situating the Zimbabwean case against the broader backdrop of nationalist politics in Africa, setting the stage for the societal demobilization and limited pluralism of the independence era.

scholarly journals A Critical Review: A Significant Role of Women in the Development of the Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Sidra Ismail Brohi ◽  
Jawaid Iqbal Mirani ◽  
Ayaz Ali Jarah ◽  
Shair Ali Brohi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pakistani Women ◽  
The Government

Women are equal to men in Pakistan and contribute with some effort to economic development, democratic stability, and social quality. It is fact that Pakistani society is male-dominated and male constitutes a major part of the population of the country. In this regard, women face many problems to progress and obtain due status. In spite of all hurdles, Pakistani women are being an important contribution to the development of society in both rural and urban areas of all provinces. This paper discusses different roles of women from an Islamic point of view, roles of women in the Labour Force, and roles of women in the politics of Pakistan. The explanatory method has been for data collection from the secondary sources data collection like research articles, research journal and books. The finding of the article indicates that women despite numerous difficulties they are motivated, industrious and ready to work for the progress of the society of Pakistan. Consequently, the government and competent authorities should focus on the education, health, nutrition, training, safety and freedom of Pakistani women so that they can play their roles in the development of the country without any fear and discrimination.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments
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