scholarly journals Current Carbon Emission Reduction Trends for Sustainability - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Yasatuka Kainuma ◽  
Tracey Tshivhase
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
The World ◽  
And Storage

Carbon emissions in the supply chain have been known to contribute significantly to environmental decay. These emissions are a result of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released during the burning of fossil fuels. The industry is a well-known emitter of these gases to the atmosphere. These gases end up trapping energy from the sun in the atmosphere. This has led to the governments of the world putting measures in place to minimize carbon emissions. In supply chain, during the manufacture, transportation and storage of a product a significant amount of these greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere. Research about supply chain with respect to carbon emissions has been going on for decades. This is the perfect time to review the literature of what has been studied up to so far and also identify the gaps in the literature. A systematic literature review approach is employed, initially. Content analysis was used to categorize existing literature on the various topics and methods over time in the area of carbon emissions in the supply chain. Triangulation research technique is also used to analyze the current literature on carbon emissions research study in the supply chain. Thereafter, a quantitative bibliometric analysis is conducted. Based on a rigorous screening process, 138 papers were selected for analysis. This review will lead to significant opportunities for future research in related areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Green Construction on a Building’s Carbon Emission and Its Price at Materialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Shuangxi Zhou ◽  
Zhenzhen Guo ◽  
Yang Ding ◽  
Jingliang Dong ◽  
Jianming Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Price

Buildings consume many resources and generate greenhouse gases during construction. One of the main sources of greenhouse gases is carbon emission associated with buildings. This research is based on the computing rule of carbon emission at the materialization stage. By taking the features of green construction into consideration, quantitative analysis on construction carbon emission was undertaken via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Making use of Vensim (a system dynamics software package), we analyzed the amount of carbon emission at the materialization stage and determined the major subsystems affecting the carbon emission, then took into comprehensive consideration the differences of each subsystem’s carbon emission under different construction technologies. Under the mechanism of carbon trade at the materialization stage, the total price of carbon trades remains unchanged, while the trading price of each subsystem is adjusted. Under these conditions, a coefficient for step-wise increases in carbon price was proposed. By establishing such a system of gradient prices, construction companies are encouraged to adopt high-efficiency emission reduction technologies. Meanwhile, the system also provides a reference for the formulation of price-based policies about buildings’ carbon trading, and accelerates the process of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and the world at large.

Nuclear, Solar and Desalination Working Together Symbiotically

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad Alwashmi ◽  
Jay F. Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

In many parts of the world, drinking water is not available except through desalination. Most of these areas have an abundance of solar energy, with few cloudy periods. Energy is required for desalination and for producing electricity. Traditionally this energy has been supplied by fossil fuels. However, even in those parts of the world that have abundant fossil fuels, using them for these purposes is being discouraged for two reasons: 1) the emission of greenhouse gases from combustion of fossil fuels, and 2) the higher value of fossil fuels when used for transportation. Nuclear power and solar power are both proposed as replacements for fossil fuels in these locations. Both of these energy systems have high capital costs, and negligible fuel costs (zero for solar) Instead of these two primary forms of energy competing, this paper shows how they can compliment each other, especially where a significant part of the electricity demand is used for desalination.

scholarly journals Investigation of Biomass Efficiency Assessment Methods of Open Green Areas for Sustainable Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmetali AK ◽  
◽  
Aslı GÜNEŞ GÖLBEY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
And Storage

One of the most important environmental problems in today's world is climate change caused by greenhouse gases. Due to the increase in CO2 emissions from greenhouse gases, climate change is increasing and moving towards the point of no return. In this process, many ideas have been developed to combat climate change. One of these ideas is that cities should be sustainable. In order for cities to be sustainable, activities such as expanding the use of renewable energy resources in cities, increasing green and environmentally friendly transportation, improving air quality, and minimizing carbon emissions should be carried out. In this context, open green areas have important effects in terms of improving air quality, reducing the heat island effect in cities and especially keeping carbon emissions to a minimum. Thus, the efficiency and productivity of carbon capture and storage of green areas come to the fore. There are several methods to measure the carbon capture and storage efficiency of green areas and to evaluate their efficiency. In this study, the methods used in determining open green areas in cities and evaluating biomass productivity in these areas will be examined.

scholarly journals What to Expect from the 2020 Gas Package

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Olczak ◽  
Andris Piebalgs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Eu

Gas is considered an important part of the European Union’s (EU) energy mix. Making up a quarter of the energy consumed in the EU, it is widely used by both households and industry. Gas supports the penetration of intermittent renewable electricity and is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels but its combustion emits a considerable amount of greenhouse gases. In the fight against climate change, the EU has committed itself to the near-complete decarbonisation of the energy sector well before 2050. This will have a significant impact on the gas sector, especially in the EU, which has significant gas transportation and storage assets. This commentary examines two potential pathways that could enable the gas sector to contribute to the EU’s decarbonisation efforts while continuing to play a substantial role in the EU’s energy supply. The pathways include gas and electricity sector coupling and the substantial increase of renewable gas production. Those options, which are not mutually exclusive, provide an opportunity for the gas sector to thrive in a decarbonised energy future. In some cases, it could require changes in the EU’s gas legislation announced by the European Commission to be proposed in 2020.

scholarly journals Differential Pricing and Emission Reduction in Remanufacturing Supply Chains with Dual-Sale Channels under CCT-Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaifu Yuan ◽  
Guangqiang Wu ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
Bo He ◽  
Dafei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Control Coefficient ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
The Government

In order to make optimal decisions for pricing and emission reduction, a remanufacturing supply chain system with dual-sale channels is investigated. With regard to the preferences of consumers for different channels and carbon cap-and-trade mechanisms, profit-maximization models are developed on supply chain members and systems in decentralized and centralized cases. Based on a backward induction, the corresponding formulae for decision variables are obtained. Then the effect of the industry emission control coefficient is analyzed and the optimal decisions of two cases are compared. Finally, the coordination mechanism and numerical analysis are presented. The result indicates that: (1) As the free carbon allowances granted by the government to the manufacturer increases, the investment in carbon reduction from the manufacturer will increase. As the industry emission control coefficient increases, the carbon emissions per product and the prices of new and remanufactured products will decrease, while the demands of the new and remanufactured products and the profits of supply chain members and systems will increase. (2) As the direct sale channel preference coefficient increases, the profits of the manufacturer and the system will increase while the retailer’s profit will decrease. Correspondingly, the carbon emissions of unit product will decrease, and the sales of the direct sale channel will increase while the sales of the retail channel will decrease. (3) The decision in the coordinated case not only ensures emission reduction and system profit to reach the level of the centralized case, but also raises the profits of supply chain members in the decentralized case. Therefore, it is preferable to other decisions. (4) As the carbon trading price increases, the emission reduction investment from the manufacturer will increase while the profits of the supply chain and its members will increase.

scholarly journals Minimizing Aflatoxin Contamination in the Field, During Drying, and in Storage in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Appaw ◽  
William O. Ellis ◽  
Richard Akromah ◽  
Moses B. Mochiah ◽  
Awere Dankyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Farmer Practices ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Improved Methods

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and other crops can negatively affect human health, especially in countries where regulatory agencies do not have limits on aflatoxin entering the food supply chain. While considerable research has been conducted addressing aflatoxin contamination in peanut at individual steps in the supply chain, studies that quantify aflatoxin contamination following combinations of interventions to crop management, drying, and storage are limited. Research was conducted during 2016 and 2017 in two villages in southern Ghana to follow aflatoxin contamination along the supply chain and to compare improved practices with traditional farmer practices used by smallholders. The farmer practice of only a single weeding was compared with improved practices during the growing season up to harvest that included applying local soaps to suppress aphids (Aphis gossypii Golver) that transmit peanut rosette virus disease (Umbravirus: Tombusviridaee), one additional weeding, and calcium applied at pegging. The improved practice for drying included placing pods removed from plants onto tarps compared with the traditional practice of drying on the ground. Storing peanut for four months in hermetically-sealed bags was the improved practice compared with storing in traditional poly bags. All improved practices individually resulted in lower aflatoxin contamination as compared to the farmer practices. While aflatoxin levels were very low (<1 μg/kg) at harvest, the levels increased significantly during drying and storage, with the improved methods resulting in lower levels. Greater estimated financial returns were noted when at least one improved practice along the supply chain was implemented through either increased yield or maintenance of quality kernels. Results from this research demonstrate progression of aflatoxin contamination at pre- and especially post-harvest in villages in Ghana. Future research needs to consider the effects of improved practices as components of packages that farmers can consider, and not just as individual interventions.

Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-194
Author(s):  
Athule Ngqalakwezi ◽  
Diakanua Bevon Nkazi ◽  
Siwela Jeffrey Baloyi ◽  
Thabang Abraham Ntho
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Global warming is a pertinent issue and is quintessential of the environmental issues that the world is facing, and thereby, remedial actions and technologies that aim to alleviate this issue are of paramount importance. In this chapter, hydrogen has been discussed as an alternative energy that can potentially replace traditional fuels such as diesel and gasoline. The storage of hydrogen as a gas, liquid, and solid was discussed. The key issues in hydrogen storage were also highlighted. Furthermore, regulations and legislations concerning the emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels-based sources were discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating Improved Management Practices to Minimize Aflatoxin Contamination in the Field, During Drying, and in Storage in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jordan ◽  
William Appaw ◽  
William O. Ellis ◽  
Richard Akromah ◽  
Moses B. Mochiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Farmer Practices ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) and other crops can negatively affect human health, especially in countries where regulatory agencies do not have limits on aflatoxin entering the food supply chain. While considerable research has been conducted addressing aflatoxin contamination in peanut at individual steps in the supply chain, studies that quantify aflatoxin contamination following combinations of interventions of crop management, drying, and storage are limited. Research was conducted during 2016 and 2017 in two villages in southern Ghana to follow aflatoxin contamination along the supply chain and to compare improved practices with traditional farmer practices used by smallholders. The farmer practice of only a single weeding was compared with improved practices during the growing season up to harvest that included applying local soaps to suppress aphids ( Aphis gossypii Golver) that transmit peanut rosette virus disease ( Umbravirus: Tombusviridae e), one additional weeding, and calcium applied at pegging. The improved practice for drying included placing pods removed from plants onto tarps compared with the traditional practice of drying on the ground. Storing peanut for four months in hermetically-sealed bags was the improved practice compared with storing in traditional poly bags. All improved practices individually resulted in less aflatoxin contamination as compared to the farmer practices. While aflatoxin levels were found to be very low (<1 µg/g) at harvest, the levels increased significantly during drying and storage, with the improved methods resulting in lower levels. Greater estimated financial returns were noted when at least one improved practice along the supply chain was implemented through either increased yield or maintenance of quality kernels. Results from this research demonstrate progression of aflatoxin contamination at pre- and especially post-harvest in villages in Ghana. Future research needs to consider the effects of improved practices as components of packages that farmers can consider, and not just as individual interventions.

Production-inventory and emission reduction investment decision under carbon cap-and-trade policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyao Fan ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Lindu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Compensation Mechanism ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Emission Permits ◽  
Emission Permit ◽  
Production Inventory

The increasing amount of carbon emissions has caused global warming and challenged the sustainable development of environment. Governments around the world have implemented carbon policies including carbon cap-and-trade policy. In this paper, we focus on how a two-echelon supply chain manages its carbon footprints in production and inventory under carbon cap-and-trade policy. We extend the classical EOQ (economic order quantity) model and study decisions on production-inventory, carbon trading and emission reduction investment in the decentralized and centralized situations. The results show that emission permit sharing can effectively reduce the total cost and total carbon emissions of the supply chain. Moreover, the manufacturer’s emission reduction effort rises with the increase of the buying and selling prices of emission permits under centralized decision-making. In addition, a compensation mechanism is proposed for the centralized supply chain with emission permit sharing. It is observed that the buying and selling prices of emission permits have a positive influence on the permit sharing price in the compensation mechanism. Meanwhile, the retailer pays less for using the emission permits if it has a higher carbon cap, while the manufacturer with a higher carbon cap is more capable to provide a high compensation for the retailer.

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