scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variation of Rainwater Chemistry in Ile-Ife and Its Environ, Osun State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderonke Adetutu Okoya ◽  
Bamikole Walter Osungbemiro ◽  
Temi E. Ologunorisa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Rainwater Chemistry ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The study of the chemical composition of rain water was conducted in Ile – Ife and environs, an agrarian, commercial, residential and semi-industrialised center of Osun state Nigeria. This was with a view to assessing the impact of land use activities on rain water composition and the temporal variation of rainwater chemistry. Physico-chemical parameters such as Turbidity, pH, TDS, Conductivity, Oxygen parameters, Alkalinity, Acidity, Hardness and Major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NO3-, SO4-, HCO3-) were determined, predominant ions were identified. Turbidity, pH, Conductivity, TDS, D.O B.O.D, Alkalinity, Acidity Hardness ranged between 2.90 - 42.84 NTU, 5.65 - 7.40, 6.71 – 122.33 µScm-1, 4.10 –73.27 mg/L, 3.60 – 10.60 mg/L, 0.13 – 7.20 mg/L, 0.33 – 22.0 mg/L, 2.00 – 15.00 mg/L, 0.04 – 1.23 CaCO3mg/l respectively. The dominant ions detected in the study were HCO3-, Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+. Generally, the mean concentration of ions as expressed in milli-equivalent per Litre showed order of dominance as HCO3- > NO3- > SO42- for the anions and Mg2+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ for cations. The study concluded that land use activities had influence on all the chemical composition of rain water in the study area but more on pH, alkalinity, acidity, bicarbonate. Except sulphate and Nitrate, all other parameters recorded high values in dry season.

Spatial and temporal variation in physico-chemical parameters at Ugbevwe Pond, Oghara, Delta State

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
J.A. Edoreh ◽  
C.U. Inegbenosun ◽  
I.O. Elimhingbovo ◽  
T.O.T. Imoobe
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Adverse biological effects of Milan urban PM looking for suitable molecular markers of exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paride Mantecca ◽  
Maurizio Gualtieri ◽  
Eleonora Longhin ◽  
Giuseppina Bestetti ◽  
Paola Palestini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Hazard ◽  
The Impact

The results presented summarise the ones obtained in the coordinated research project Tosca, which extensively analysed the impact of Milan urban PM on human health. The molecular markers of exposure and effects of seasonally and size-fractionated PMs (summer and winter PM10, PM2.5) were investigated in in vitro (human lung cell lines) and in vivo (mice) systems. The results obtained by the analyses of cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory and genotoxic parameters demonstrate that the biological responses are strongly dependent upon the PM samples seasonal and dimensional variability, that ultimately reflect their chemical composition and source. In fact summer PM10, enriched in crustal elements and endotoxins, was the most cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory fraction, while fine winter PMs induced genotoxic effects and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (like CYP1B1) production, likely as a consequence of the higher content in combustion derived particles reach in PAHs and heavy toxic metals. These outcomes outline the need of a detailed knowledge of the PMs physico-chemical composition on a local scale, coupled with the biological hazard directly associated to PM exposure. Apparently this is the only way allowing scientists and police-makers to establish the proper relationships between the respirable PM quantity/quality and the health outcomes described by clinicians and epidemiologists.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variation in PM 2.5 Chemical Composition in the United States for Health Effects Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Bell ◽  
Francesca Dominici ◽  
Keita Ebisu ◽  
Scott L. Zeger ◽  
Jonathan M. Samet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Pm 2.5

scholarly journals The Spatio-temporal Analysis of b-value in the Banda Arc, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bani Al-Rasyid ◽  
Mira Nailufar Rusman ◽  
Daniel Hamonangan ◽  
Pepen Supendi ◽  
Kartika Hajar Kirana
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
B Value ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Banda Arc ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract Banda arc is a complex tectonic structure manifests by high seismicity due to the collision of a continent and an intra-oceanic island arc. Using the relocated earthquakes data from ISC-EHB and BMKG catalogues from the time period of 1960 to 2018, we have conducted a spatial and temporal variation of b-value using the Guttenberg-Richter formula in the area. Our results show that the spatial distribution of low b-values located in the south of Ambon Island and southeast of Buru Island. On the other hand, the temporal variation of b-value shows a decrease in the northern part of the Banda sea probably high potential to produce large earthquakes in the future. Therefore, further mitigation is needed to minimize the impact of earthquakes in the area.

scholarly journals Rainfall Distribution and the Possibility for Healthy and Fresh Drinking Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Alif Noor Anna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Water Chemical Composition ◽  
Coast Region

The information of rain water quality in Indonesia is rarely recorded, where as it is important for the region in which the source of fresh water is unavailable. Rain water composition is mostly ascertained by water vapour and ions which are available in the atmosphere during vapouration. In fact the rain water composition of coast region is sea water like and rain water chemical composition of urban are then become HNO3 and HSO4, while rain water of active vulcanic region eventuality has a high sulphur-wombed so that its quality sulphuric-acid. For the region in which the source of fresh water is unavailable the rain water is previously sterilized. Sterilization is consecutively done by adding salts, killing all bacteria, spores, and filltering.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use Conversion On Carbon Stocks And Selected Peat Physico-Chemical Properties In The Leyte Sab-A Basin Peatland, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syrus Cesar Decena ◽  
Sarah Villacorta-Parilla ◽  
Arwin Arribado ◽  
Dionesio Macasait ◽  
Michael Arguelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Wetland Forest ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Peatlands are unique wetland ecosystems that provide various ecosystem services such as carbon storage and biogeochemical cycling, however being threatened by anthropogenic activities. The present study was conducted to explore the impact of land use conversion on carbon stocks and peat properties in a tropical peatland in the Leyte Sab-a Basin Peatland (LSBP) in Northeastern Leyte, Philippines. The carbon stocks (aboveground and belowground) and physico-chemical properties of peat soil were compared among wetland forest, grassland and cropland. Land use conversion resulted in the significant reduction of the total aboveground carbon stock. The wetland forest had the highest carbon stocks (38.56 ± 4.58 t ha− 1), and when converted to grassland and cropland, it has resulted to carbon loss of as much as 86.59 and 90.45%, respectively. The belowground root carbon stock was highest in the wetland forest (5.05 ± 0.64 t ha− 1) also while highest peat carbon stock (1 m depth) was observed in the cropland areas (45.28 ± 2.25–61.27 ± 3.07 t ha− 1). However, wetland forests with very deep peat deposits potentially store a significant amount of carbon than in cropland that was characterized by shallower compressed peats. In addition, land use conversion altered the physico-chemical properties of peat such as water content, organic matter, and porosity, and bulk density which all indicated peatland degradation. Finally, the overall result of this study highlights the importance to develop and implement management and conservation plans for LSBP.

scholarly journals Chemical variability of water and sediment over time and along a mountain river subjected to natural and human impact

2018 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda ◽  
Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń ◽  
Robert Gwiazda ◽  
Jan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Ion Contents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

We studied the variability of physico-chemical parameters in water, and heavy metal contents in water and sediment over time and along the Carpathian Biała Tarnowska River (southern Poland) and related them to catchment geology, human impact and the effect of barriers as a side aspect. The river water was well oxygenated, had pH 7.7–9.5 and was characterised by low and average flow. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen did not change significantly, while the contents of major ions, NO3−, NH4+, Mn and Fe increased gradually along the river. The major ion contents were negatively, and nitrate, Mn, and Fe positively, correlated with the flow. We recognise correlations between nitrate, Fe and Mn to be good indicators of soil erosion processes in the catchment. River sediment was unpolluted by most of the studied metals (slightly polluted by Ni and Cd). The differences in the values of some parameters (pH and NH4+, PO43−, HCO3−, Mn, Cd and Pb concentrations) in the water, and heavy metals in the sediment upstream and downstream of some of the barriers were determined. Spatiotemporal changes in the values of studied parameters and the results of statistical calculation indicate the impact of human activity in the catchment basin (land use, wastewater) on the water chemistry.

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