scholarly journals Impact of City Social Responsibility and Marketing Strategy on City Image and People’s Perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Shwu-Ing Wu ◽  
Ni-Wei Liou
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
City Image ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Frequency Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The City

<p>In recent years, the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (below referred to as “CSR”) has received considerable attention. The term CSR is usually associated with enterprises, while the social responsibility of cities is rarely explored. However, cities resemble non-profit enterprises and whether or not they fulfill their social responsibility has a significant impact on future development. This study therefore conducts a literature analysis and empirical research to investigate the impact of city social responsibility and city marketing strategies on the city image and perceptions of the general public. The research object of this study is Taichung City in Taiwan. A survey was conducted and 548 valid questionnaires were collected from non-local residents. After a group model comparison of two groups divided by high or low frequency of trips to Taichung it was discovered that: (1) Both groups exhibit a significant positive correlation between the fulfillment of city social responsibility and people’s trust. (2) The high frequency group shows a significant positive correlation between the fulfillment of city social responsibility and city image, while the low frequency group shows no such relationship and a significant difference exists between the two groups. (3) The low frequency group shows a significant negative correlation between the implementation of marketing strategies by the city and public trust. (4) Both groups exhibit a significant positive correlation between the implementation of marketing strategies by the city and city image and the correlation intensity is considerably higher for the low frequency group. (5) Both groups show a significant positive correlation between the implementation of marketing strategies by the city and people’s intention. (6) Both groups exhibit a significant positive correlation between city image and people’s trust. (7) The high frequency group shows a significant positive correlation between people’s trust and people’s intention, while the low frequency group shows no such relationship and a significant difference exists between the two groups. The results of this study clearly indicate that the behavior patterns of groups with different travel frequencies are somewhat distinct. City administrators should therefore pay special attention to the planning of city CSR and city marketing strategies to be able to attract visits, investments, and settlement by target groups.</p>

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

scholarly journals A Proposed Framework for Identification of Indicators to Model High-Frequency Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Senousi ◽  
Junwei Zhang ◽  
Wenzhong Shi ◽  
Xintao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
City Life ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
The City

A city is a complex system that never sleeps; it constantly changes, and its internal mobility (people, vehicles, goods, information, etc.) continues to accelerate and intensify. These changes and mobility vary in terms of the attributes of the city, such as space, time and cultural affiliation, which characterise to some extent how the city functions. Traditional urban studies have successfully modelled the ‘low-frequency city’ and have provided solutions such as urban planning and highway design for long-term urban development. Nevertheless, the existing urban studies and theories are insufficient to model the dynamics of a city’s intense mobility and rapid changes, so they cannot tackle short-term urban problems such as traffic congestion, real-time transport scheduling and resource management. The advent of information and communication technology and big data presents opportunities to model cities with unprecedented resolution. Since 2018, a paradigm shift from modelling the ‘low-frequency city’ to the so-called ‘high-frequency city’ has been introduced, but hardly any research investigated methods to estimate a city’s frequency. This work aims to propose a framework for the identification and analysis of indicators to model and better understand the concept of a high-frequency city in a systematic manner. The methodology for this work was based on a content analysis-based review, taking into account specific criteria to ensure the selection of indicator sets that are consistent with the concept of the frequency of cities. Twenty-two indicators in five groups were selected as indicators for a high-frequency city, and a framework was proposed to assess frequency at both the intra-city and inter-city levels. This work would serve as a pilot study to further illuminate the ways that urban policy and operations can be adjusted to improve the quality of city life in the context of a smart city.

scholarly journals New Insights Into Vertigo Attack Frequency as a Predictor of Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxu Qiu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jun Deng ◽  
Zhiwei Xia ◽  
Jingfeng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Ischemic Infarction ◽  
Frequency Group ◽  
Attacks Of Vertigo

Background: Recurrent attacks of vertigo account for 2.6 million emergency department visits per year in the USA, of which more than 4% are attributable to ischemic infarction. However, few studies have investigated the frequency of attacks of vertigo before an ischemic stroke.Methods: We conducted this retrospective analysis and manually screened the medical records of 231 patients who experienced recurrent attacks of vertigo prior to an ischemic stroke. Patients were divided into four different groups based on the frequency of vertigo attacks as well as the region of ischemic infarction. Those with ≤2 attacks of vertigo preceding the ischemic stroke were defined as the low-frequency group. Those with ≥3 attacks were defined as the high-frequency group. Clinical parameters, including vascular risk factors, average National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and infarction volume, were compared between the groups.Results: On analysis, we found that patients with posterior infarction in the high-frequency group exhibited a higher prevalence of vertebral artery stenosis. However, the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was higher in the low-frequency group. In addition, patients with posterior infarction in the low-frequency group were more active in seeking medical intervention after an attack of vertigo. Notably, the brain stem, especially the lateral medullary region, had a higher probability of being involved in posterior infarction in the high-frequency group. However, the cerebellum was more commonly involved in posterior infarction in the low-frequency group.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the clinical parameters, including arterial stenosis, DM, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, differed between the low- and high-frequency groups. We also found that patients in the low-frequency group were more willing to seek medical intervention after the attacks of vertigo. These findings could be valuable for clinicians to focus on specific examination of the patients according to the frequency of vertigo attacks.

scholarly journals Immature Platelet Fraction as a Non-Invasive Marker for Esophageal Varices

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Alyaa Marzouk Soliman ◽  
Sherief Mohamed Abd-Elsalam ◽  
Amal Saeid ALBendary ◽  
Osama El. Sayed Negm
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Oesophageal Varices ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Group 1

Background: All cirrhotic patients should be screened for oesophageal varices (OV) at the time of diagnosis. The development of a non-invasive method for the detection of OV is a vital issue in subjects with cirrhosis to decrease the need for invasive endoscopic procedures that can be costly. This work aimed to evaluate immature platelet fraction (IPF) as a non-invasive marker and predictor of OV. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices diagnosed by upper endoscopy. They were divided into Group (1): 40 patients with cirrhosis with esophageal varices and Group (2): 40 patients with cirrhosis and without esophageal varices. All patients were subjected to the complete history taking, physical examination, routine laboratory investigations (Complete blood count, IPF, C-reactive protein, Liver and kidney function tests, Bone marrow aspiration for some cases, Ascetic sample analysis when applicable), Pelvic-Abdominal ultrasonography, Child Pugh score assessment, Upper GIT endoscopy. Results: There was a significant difference between the studied groups regarding IPF (p<0.001). At cutoff >12 IPF had (AUC= 0.993) with sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 97.5% for detection of esophageal varices. There was a significant negative correlation between IPF and platelets count (p- value < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between IPF and Child Pugh score (p- value <0.001). There was a highly significant positive correlation between IPF and CRP (p value <0.001). There was significant difference between the two groups as regards splenic longitudinal diameter (p<0.001). As regards platelet count, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001). It was significantly lower in Group 1. Conclusions: IPF is elevated in cirrhotic patients with naive esophageal varices than in cirrhotic patients without varices. IPF could be used as a noninvasive, easy to measure method for detection of the presence of esophageal varices at a cutoff level of >12.

Optimal frequency of whole body vibration training for improving balance and physical performance in the older people with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110505
Author(s):  
Ning Wei ◽  
Mengying Cai
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Frequency Group

Objective To explore the optimal frequency of whole-body vibration training for improving the balance and physical performance in older people with chronic stroke. Design a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting Two rehabilitation units in the Wuhan Brain Hospital in China. Participants A total of 78 seniors with chronic stroke. Interventions Low-frequency group (13 Hz), high-frequency group (26 Hz), and zero-frequency group (Standing on the vibration platform with 0 Hz) for 10 sessions of side-alternating WBV training. Main measures The timed-up-and-go test, five-repetition sit-to-stand test, 10-metre walking test, and Berg balance scale were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results Significant time × group interaction effects in five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.014) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.028) were observed. The high-frequency group outperformed the zero-frequency group in both five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.039) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.024) after 10-sessions training. The low-frequency group displayed only a significant improvement in five-repetition sit-to-stand test after training (p = 0.028). No significant within- or between-group changes were observed in the Berg balance scale and walking speed (p > 0.05). No significant group-difference were found between low-frequency and high-frequency groups. No adverse events were reported during study. Conclusions Compared with 13 Hz, 26 Hz had no more benefits on balance and physical performance in older people with chronic stroke.

scholarly journals Can a simple, short-term memory task help to screen dyslexia?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Perham ◽  
Toni Howell ◽  
Andy Watt
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Order ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Support Students

AbstractFunding to support students with dyslexia in post-compulsory education is under pressure and more efficient assessments may offset some of this shortfall. We tested potential tasks for screening dyslexia: recall of adjective-noun, compared to noun-adjective, pairings (syntax) and recall of high versus low frequency letter pairings (bigrams). Students who reported themselves as dyslexic failed to show a normal syntax effect (greater recall of adjective-noun compared to noun-adjective pairings) and no significant difference in recall between the two types of bigrams whereas students who were not dyslexic showed the syntax effect and a bias towards recalling high frequency bigrams. Findings are consistent with recent explanations of dyslexia suggesting that those affected find it difficult to learn and utilise sequential long-term order information (Szmalec et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 37(5) ,1270-1279, 2011). Further, ROC curve analyses revealed both tasks showed acceptable diagnostic properties as they were able to discriminate between the two groups of participants.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Environment and Regional Image on Tourist’s Experiential Values and Feelings: An Example of Nanzhuang Area in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Shwu-Ing Wu ◽  
Li Chia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Frequency Group ◽  
Experiential Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Independent Variables

With the booming global tourism activities, many countries around the world are actively promoting regional tourism. Thus, understanding the tourists’ needs is important in developing tourism promotion strategies. With Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County as the case study, this paper discusses the influence of the two independent variables, the tangible physical environment and the intangible regional image, tourists’ experiential value and the feelings after tourism. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on tourists who have visited Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County, by convenience sampling, in order to construct the model of regional experience marketing effect. A total of 743 effective samples were retrieved. After analysis by structural equation modeling (SEM), it is found that: (1) the physical environment has a positive and significant influence on the tourists’ experiential value; (2) regional image has a positive and significant influence on the tourist’s experiential value; (3) the experiential value has a positive and significant influence on satisfaction; (4) satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on trust and commitment; (5) trust has no significant influence on commitment. Regarding the two independent variables, regional image has more influence. In addition, after comparing the group models by clustering with the high and low frequency of the number of visits, it is found that there are some differences between the high frequency group and the low frequency group, where the regional image of the high frequency group has a greater influence on the experiential value and the physical environment of the low frequency group has a greater influence on the experiential value. The findings can serve as reference for the local government and the tourism operators to develop regional marketing strategies.

A new biopsy technique for sampling subcutaneous fat in cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (58) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Saville ◽  
WS Gilbert ◽  
JM Wright
Keyword(s):  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Pesticide Level ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biopsy Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

A technique is described for the rapid biopsy sampling of subcutaneous fat in cattle. The technique involves freezing and folding back a small area of skin to allow removal of the underlying fat. The advantages of this technique are that it is rapid, animals do not have to be placed under general or local anaesthetic, no suturing is required and there is little disturbance to the animal. No significant difference in pesticide level was found between subcutaneous, peri-renal, and mesenteric fat, but a significant positive correlation (r = 0.82) was found between combined DDE and DDT levels in biopsy and carcase subcutaneous samples. This indicated that the residues measured from biopsy samples in this experiment were a good indication to levels in the rest of the animal.

Heart rate variability and dissociation in panic disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
T. Diveky ◽  
D. Kamaradova ◽  
A. Grambal ◽  
K. Latalova ◽  
J. Prasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The aim of our study is to measure very low frequency band (VLF), low frequency band (LF) and high frequency band (HF) components of R-R interval during orthostatic experiment in panic disorder patients before and after treatment.MethodsWe assessed heart rate variability in 19 patients with panic disorder before and after 6-weeks treatment with antidepressants combined with CBT and 18 healthy controls. They were regularly assessed on the CGI, BAI and BDI. Heart rate variability was assessed during 5 min standing, 5 min supine and 5 min standing positions before and after the treatment. Power spectra were computed using a fast Fourier transformation for very low frequency - VLF (0.0033 - 0.04 Hz), low-frequency - LF (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency - HF (0.15-0.40 Hz) powers.Results19 panic disorder patients entered a 6-week open-label treatment study with combination of SSRI and cognitive behavioral therapy. A combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy proved to be the effective treatment of patients. They significantly improved in all rating scales. There were highly statistical significant differences between panic patients and control group in all components of power spectral analysis in 2nd and in two component of 3rd (LF and HF in standing) positions. There was also statistically significant difference between these two groups in LF/HF ratio in supine position (2nd). During therapy there was tendency to increasing values in all three positions in components of HRV power spectra, but there was only statistically significant increasing in HF1 component.Supported by project IGA MZ ČR NS 10301-3/2009

scholarly journals Autonomic Conditions in Tinnitus and Implications for Korean Medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ji Choi ◽  
Younghee Yun ◽  
Seungyeon Yoo ◽  
Kyu Seok Kim ◽  
Jeong-Su Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Total Power ◽  
High Frequency Component ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Korean Medicine ◽  
Significant Difference

Tinnitus patients suffer from not only auditory sensations but also physical, mental, and social difficulties. Even though tinnitus is believed to be associated with the autonomic nervous system, changes in autonomic conditions in tinnitus patients are not receiving much research attention. The aims of this study were to investigate the autonomic condition of tinnitus patients and to consider Korean medicine in the treatment of tinnitus with an evidence-based approach. We performed a retrospective chart review and compared the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of 40 tinnitus patients (19 acute and 21 chronic) and 40 healthy controls. In tinnitus patients, the power of the high frequency component and total power of the HRV significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the low frequency to high frequency ratio significantly increased(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the acute and chronic patients. When comparing each group with the controls, there was a tendency that the longer the duration of tinnitus was, the larger the observed HRV change was. In conclusion, tinnitus patients have vagal withdrawal and sympathetic overactivity, and chronic tinnitus more strongly affects autonomic conditions than acute tinnitus. This study provides evidence for Korean medical treatments of tinnitus, such as acupuncture and Qi-training, that cause modulation of cardiac autonomic function.

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