scholarly journals A Proposed Framework for Identification of Indicators to Model High-Frequency Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Senousi ◽  
Junwei Zhang ◽  
Wenzhong Shi ◽  
Xintao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
City Life ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
The City

A city is a complex system that never sleeps; it constantly changes, and its internal mobility (people, vehicles, goods, information, etc.) continues to accelerate and intensify. These changes and mobility vary in terms of the attributes of the city, such as space, time and cultural affiliation, which characterise to some extent how the city functions. Traditional urban studies have successfully modelled the ‘low-frequency city’ and have provided solutions such as urban planning and highway design for long-term urban development. Nevertheless, the existing urban studies and theories are insufficient to model the dynamics of a city’s intense mobility and rapid changes, so they cannot tackle short-term urban problems such as traffic congestion, real-time transport scheduling and resource management. The advent of information and communication technology and big data presents opportunities to model cities with unprecedented resolution. Since 2018, a paradigm shift from modelling the ‘low-frequency city’ to the so-called ‘high-frequency city’ has been introduced, but hardly any research investigated methods to estimate a city’s frequency. This work aims to propose a framework for the identification and analysis of indicators to model and better understand the concept of a high-frequency city in a systematic manner. The methodology for this work was based on a content analysis-based review, taking into account specific criteria to ensure the selection of indicator sets that are consistent with the concept of the frequency of cities. Twenty-two indicators in five groups were selected as indicators for a high-frequency city, and a framework was proposed to assess frequency at both the intra-city and inter-city levels. This work would serve as a pilot study to further illuminate the ways that urban policy and operations can be adjusted to improve the quality of city life in the context of a smart city.

scholarly journals USING CONTEXTUAL CUES IN UNDERSTANDING URBAN MENTAL WELL-BEING

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W1-2021 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
T. Perez Oteiza ◽  
L. Kelly ◽  
P. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
City Life ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The City

Abstract. It is well established that city life can impact on individuals’ mental well-being. Factors associated with modes of transport in a city, such as cycle corridors and the reliability of bus network, and environment factors, such as availability of green spaces, have been shown to relate to individuals’ well-being in the city. Smart cities contain a wealth of digital data which has been used in the management and organisation of cities. Such data is gathered from sensors, networks and systems which contain rich insights on factors associated with city life. Such as, for example, the availability of open spaces in the city, traffic congestion, and air quality levels. We propose that these smart city data sources and data flows can act as contextual cues to indicate the mental well-being of individuals in the city. That is, we propose harnessing indicators and patterns in datasets known to be associated with well-being, and using these as contextual cues for automated city well-being level estimation. In this initial investigation, we focus on contextual cues associated with active travel and transportation, environmental information and green infrastructure. We propose an AI-based system which uses these contextual cues to generate an indicator of mental well-being in the city.

scholarly journals Defining and Measuring the Relevance of Criteria for the Evaluation of the Inflow of Goods in City Centers

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mladen Jardas ◽  
Ana Perić Hadžić ◽  
Edvard Tijan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
City Center ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The City

The aim of this paper is to define and measure the relevance of the criteria for the evaluation of the inflow of goods in city centers, in order to improve delivery activities within city centers. The development of the city center leads to the grouping of numerous business operators, which results in the increase of the quantity of goods entering the city center, causing additional traffic congestion, higher levels of noise and emissions of harmful gases. In the long term, this leads to major dissatisfaction with the quality of life among city residents. Therefore, the planning of goods delivery must be in line with the sustainable development of city logistics, while at the same time considering the interests of relevant stakeholders. However, in the existing literature the criteria for evaluating delivery flows have not been comprehensively identified or evaluated by the stakeholders of city centers. In order to fill the research gap, the authors have defined four groups of criteria: technical-technological, economic-financial, organizational and social criteria. To determine the relevance of these criteria, it was necessary to use the questionnaire method to collect data from the stakeholder groups defined by the literature review. Regarding the relevant stakeholders (carriers, delivery recipients, residents and urban policy makers), the results have pointed out that the technical-technological and organizational criteria groups are considered the most relevant by the stakeholders regarding the inflow of goods in city centers.

scholarly journals CONVERSION OF FORMER INDUSTRIAL PORTS INTO TOURIST ATTRACTIONS. HAS INTEGRATION BEEN ACHIEVED?

2015 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
City Life ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Comparative Maps ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
The City

The transformation of redundant port facilities has become a priority in many cities willing to attract a larger number of tourists. From Baltimore‟s successful initiative to Barcelona‟s dissemination of the model in Europe, one city after another have implemented the same examples with few variations. The objective of the research is to analyze the renovation of former industrial ports in two medium-size cities: Plymouth and Malaga, focusing on whether the projects have matched the initial objectives to turn the facilities into tourist attractions as well as to integrate them in the city life. The methodological process is based on a comparative analysis of five different issues, namely external accessibility, internal mobility, activities, heritage protection and general integration in the urban context. The research process has ended up in the production of comparative maps. Major differences between both examples can be found in the integration of heritage, both cultural and natural, the consolidation of a mix of uses and the existence of physical barriers between the port and the rest of the city.

Forming Cityscapes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Kong ◽  
Jamie Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Top Down ◽  
City Life ◽  
Creative Practice ◽  
Photographic Documentation ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Artistic Research

This chapter presents a photographic documentation project with a particular interest in everyday city life in Singapore. As a theoretical reflection on the project, we examine the interrelationships between the project and related ideas across urban studies, photography and design, while positioning it as a form of ‘artistic research’. Selected photographic findings from Forming Cityscapes are presented alongside a critical discussion on creative forms of appropriation that indirectly critique ‘top-down’ design implementations and suggest other micro-possibilities through actual use. With this, an imaginative representation of Singapore’s cityscape is represented through (1) our creative practice, and (2) photographic findings of creative practices found in the city.

The Eco-Knowledge City Theory and its Practice in Shenzhen of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Zhanglan Wu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yunzhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
The City

Eco-knowledge city is a new concept for the world’s urban studies, an all-new urban form, and concept of urban development and strategy. The core of eco-knowledge city is to surpass the traditional urban development model of industrial society strategically, to purposely encourage citizens to learn and share knowledge equally, and to enhance creativity through the cultivation of knowledge, technological innovation, and scientific research, sequentially to reduce material consumption and pollution, and to achieve cooperative development of urban economy, society, and environment. Shenzhen would not only pay attention to elements of ecological knowledge in the industrial field, but also would like to embody the characteristics of emphasis on ecology and respect for knowledge in all aspects of city life. Ecological knowledge has become the source of power for the city to continue moving forward.

scholarly journals Impact of City Social Responsibility and Marketing Strategy on City Image and People’s Perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Shwu-Ing Wu ◽  
Ni-Wei Liou
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
City Image ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Frequency Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The City

<p>In recent years, the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (below referred to as “CSR”) has received considerable attention. The term CSR is usually associated with enterprises, while the social responsibility of cities is rarely explored. However, cities resemble non-profit enterprises and whether or not they fulfill their social responsibility has a significant impact on future development. This study therefore conducts a literature analysis and empirical research to investigate the impact of city social responsibility and city marketing strategies on the city image and perceptions of the general public. The research object of this study is Taichung City in Taiwan. A survey was conducted and 548 valid questionnaires were collected from non-local residents. After a group model comparison of two groups divided by high or low frequency of trips to Taichung it was discovered that: (1) Both groups exhibit a significant positive correlation between the fulfillment of city social responsibility and people’s trust. (2) The high frequency group shows a significant positive correlation between the fulfillment of city social responsibility and city image, while the low frequency group shows no such relationship and a significant difference exists between the two groups. (3) The low frequency group shows a significant negative correlation between the implementation of marketing strategies by the city and public trust. (4) Both groups exhibit a significant positive correlation between the implementation of marketing strategies by the city and city image and the correlation intensity is considerably higher for the low frequency group. (5) Both groups show a significant positive correlation between the implementation of marketing strategies by the city and people’s intention. (6) Both groups exhibit a significant positive correlation between city image and people’s trust. (7) The high frequency group shows a significant positive correlation between people’s trust and people’s intention, while the low frequency group shows no such relationship and a significant difference exists between the two groups. The results of this study clearly indicate that the behavior patterns of groups with different travel frequencies are somewhat distinct. City administrators should therefore pay special attention to the planning of city CSR and city marketing strategies to be able to attract visits, investments, and settlement by target groups.</p>

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

SEM image sharpness analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. The industry requires that an automated instrument must be routinely capable of 5 nm resolution (or better) at 1.0 kV accelerating voltage for the measurement of nominal 0.25-0.35 micrometer semiconductor critical dimensions. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at this level on a day-by-day basis is an industry need and concern which has been the object of a study at NIST and the fundamentals and results are discussed in this paper.In scanning electron microscopy, two of the most important instrument parameters are the size and shape of the primary electron beam and any image taken in a scanning electron microscope is the result of the sample and electron probe interaction. The low frequency changes in the video signal, collected from the sample, contains information about the larger features and the high frequency changes carry information of finer details. The sharper the image, the larger the number of high frequency components making up that image. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of an SEM image can be employed to provide qualitiative and ultimately quantitative information regarding the SEM image quality.

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

Evaluation of Special Hearing Aids for Deaf Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P. Erber
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Limit ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Published Research

Two types of special hearing aid have been developed recently to improve the reception of speech by profoundly deaf children. In a different way, each special system provides greater low-frequency acoustic stimulation to deaf ears than does a conventional hearing aid. One of the devices extends the low-frequency limit of amplification; the other shifts high-frequency energy to a lower frequency range. In general, previous evaluations of these special hearing aids have obtained inconsistent or inconclusive results. This paper reviews most of the published research on the use of special hearing aids by deaf children, summarizes several unpublished studies, and suggests a set of guidelines for future evaluations of special and conventional amplification systems.

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