Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Severe Drought

The importance of awns in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has to be evaluated whenever an increase in grain yield is expected due to a greater photosynthetic capacity of the awned ear. Awned and awnless isolines of durum wheat were compared in a 3-year field trial in Sardinia (Italy). Ear and flag-leaf size, radiation interception, canopy temperature, yield, and yield components were measured.Awns increased the ear surface area from 36 to 59%, depending on their length, which ranged from 5.5 to 13.8 cm. This resulted in an average 4% more radiation intercepted by the awned ears. Canopy temperature was 0.9�C lower, on average, in the awned isolines, and was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = –0.85**, n = 10), although consistent and marked effects of awns on canopy temperature were only observed in the long-awned lines. Awns positively affected grain yield, with an average increase of 10 and 16%, respectively, in the 2 years in which they affected kernel weight. The irrelevant effect of awns on yield in the year characterised by a severe drought was a consequence of their early desiccation.The effects of awns on grain yield and kernel weight strongly depend on the genetic background, on awn length and functionality, and on the environmental conditions during grain filling.

scholarly journals Variation and Relationships among Agronomic Traits in Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum(L.) Thell. ssp.turgidumconv.durum(Desf.) MacKey] under South Mediterranean Growth Conditions: Stepwise and Path Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mansouri ◽  
Bachir Oudjehih ◽  
Abdelkader Benbelkacem ◽  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
The One

Relationships among agronomic traits and grain yield were investigated in 56 genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.). The results indicated the presence of sufficient variability nearly for all measured traits. Heritability and expected genetic gain varied among traits. Aboveground biomass, harvest index, and spike number were the most grain yield-influencing traits. Early genotypes showed above-average grain and biological yields, spike number, and lower canopy temperature. Assessed genotypes were clustered into three groups which differed mainly for biological, economical, straw, and grain yields, on the one hand, and plant height, chlorophyll content, and canopy temperature, on the other hand. Selection for direct use from clusters carrying best combinations of yield-related traits and crosses to be made between genotypes belonging to contrasted clusters were suggested to generate more variability. Selection preferentially for spike number, biological yield, harvest index, and canopy temperature to accumulate favorable alleles in the selected entries for future uses is suggested.

scholarly journals Are early foliar fungicide applications on durum wheat grown in southeast Saskatchewan beneficial in increasing grain productivity?

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
W. E. May ◽  
S. Chalmers ◽  
M. E. Savard ◽  
A. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Fernandez, M. R., May, W. E., Chalmers, S., Savard, M. E. and Singh, A. K. 2014. Are early foliar fungicide applications on durum wheat grown in southeast Saskatchewan beneficial in increasing grain productivity? Can. J. Plant. Sci. 94: 891–903. Producers have expressed interest in applying fungicides early in the development of durum wheat to reduce disease severity and increase grain yield. To address this issue, a field trial was conducted in southeast Saskatchewan (2004–2006) to determine the impacts of single and double foliar fungicide (tebuconazole) applications at various growth stages on leaf spotting, Fusarium head blight/Fusarium-damaged kernels, deoxynivalenol concentration, dark kernel discolouration, and grain traits of durum wheat. In most cases, application at stem elongation was not effective in reducing Fusarium diseases, or improving yield and grain characteristics. Application at flag leaf emergence was more effective, but for the most part, application at anthesis resulted in the most consistent reduction in disease levels, and improvement in test weight. Double fungicide applications (stem elongation or flag leaf emergence, and anthesis) were not more effective in disease control than a single application at anthesis. Grain yield did not differ significantly among any of the treatments. In contrast to Fusarium diseases and leaf spotting, fungicide applications at stem elongation and/or flag leaf emergence resulted in increased kernel weight and percentage dark kernel discolouration, which was significant in 2005 (10.53–10.60% total kernel discolouration in the stem and flag leaf treatments vs. 6.13% for the untreated control). In one or more years, kernel weight was negatively associated with Fusarium disease variables and leaf spotting, but positively associated with kernel discolouration. We conclude that under variable environmental conditions in Saskatchewan, early preventative fungicide use on durum wheat should not be recommended as a strategy to improve productivity, and might even result in increases in dark kernel discolouration and grain downgrading.

scholarly journals Improving Grain Yield via Promotion of Kernel Weight in High Yielding Winter Wheat Genotypes

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Bangyou Zheng ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Improving plant net photosynthetic rates and accelerating water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation play an important role in increasing the carbon sources for yield formation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Understanding and quantify the contribution of these traits to grain yield can provide a pathway towards increasing the yield potential of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify kernel weight gap for improving grain yield in 15 winter wheat genotypes grown in Shandong Province, China. A cluster analysis was conducted to classify the 15 wheat genotypes into high yielding (HY) and low yielding (LY) groups based on their performance in grain yield, harvest index, photosynthetic rate, kernels per square meter, and spikes per square meter from two years of field testing. While the grain yield was significantly higher in the HY group, its thousand kernel weight (TKW) was 8.8% lower than that of the LY group (p < 0.05). A structural equation model revealed that 83% of the total variation in grain yield for the HY group could be mainly explained by TKW, the flag leaf photosynthesis rate at the grain filling stage (Pn75), and flag leaf water-soluble carbohydrate content (WSC) at grain filling stage. Their effect values on yield were 0.579, 0.759, and 0.444, respectively. Our results suggest that increase of flag leaf photosynthesis and WSC could improve the TKW, and thus benefit for developing high yielding wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Inheritance Pattern of Earliness and Yield Related-Traits in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
A. Elakhdar ◽  
T. Kumamaru ◽  
M. Abd El-Aty ◽  
Kh. Amer ◽  
I. Eldegwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

To understand the genetic patterns of the physio-morphological traits for barley grain yield, six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were used to determine the type of gene action in the four barley crosses. Grain yield showed a strong positive association (r = 0.83 and 1) with Grain Filling Rate in Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 crosses, respectively. The relationship between yield and earliness was not consistent with crosses and positive (r) values were quite low. It should be possible to select early-maturing and high-yielding segregates with high 100- kernel weight. The results indicated that the dominance effect [dd] was more important and greater than the additive effect [aa] and [ad] for most traits. Positive heterosis over the mid- and better- parent was quite similar for the most traits, except for heading and maturity dates, that showed negative heterotic effects. The inbreeding depression was high significant and positive for Grain Filling Rate, chlorophyll contents, Flag Leaf area and 100- kernel weight. On the other hand, it was a negatively significant for the earliness trait (HD, MD, and GFP). The lack of uniformity for estimates of inbreeding depression can be explained by environmental variation and to its influence on the type of gene action. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 13.3% for Grain Filling Period in Giza12/RIL1 to 66.6% for heading dates in Giza121/RIL2 crosses. Genetic advance estimates were low due to lack of additive variance. The crosses Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 would be of interest in a breeding program, for improving characteristics of earliness, yield, and its components.

Potential importance of water status traits for durum wheat improvement under Mediterranean conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MERAH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Water status traits have been proposed as criteria for drought tolerance improvement in several species especially in bread wheat, oat and barley. In order to test this possibility in durum wheat, in 1995 and 1997, a collection of 144 genotypes from different geographical origins was cultivated under rainfed Mediterranean conditions in Montpellier (southern France). Relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential (OP), as well as leaf morphological traits, grain yield (GY), total above-ground biomass and harvest index (HI) were measured. Large genotypic variations were observed for all traits. Differences between the 2 years were also noticed for all the traits which could be attributed to differences in water availability between the 2 growing seasons. The correlation analysis has revealed significant positive associations between water status traits and both GY and HI within and across years. These results suggest that genotypes which can maintain higher water status and then higher transpiration rates during grain filling, are more efficient in dry matter partitioning to grain and hence higher yield. Heritabilities of water status characters were higher than those of productivity traits. Our results emphasized the value of RWC and OP as criteria for durum wheat grain yield improvement under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Relationships between RWC, OP and flag leaf morphological traits are also discussed.

The response of rate and duration of grain filling to long-term selection for yield in Italian durum wheats

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta ◽  
Giovanni Pruneddu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Selection For

Genetic advance in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) grain yield in Italy has been achieved by bringing forward flowering time, achieving a larger number of grains per unit area, and altering the pattern of senescence. The performance, in the absence of any moisture stress, of a set of 6 Italian durum wheat cultivars released over the past 100 years was compared under 4 environments and 2 nitrogen rates, to ascertain whether the changes brought about by selection for yield have also indirectly affected the rate and duration of grain filling. Grain filling lasted 35–36 days in all cultivars except ‘Ichnusa’ (39 days), although modern cultivars flowered earlier than older ones. The lack of any breeding effect on grain-filling duration also meant that the later old cultivars were not negatively affected by the higher ambient temperatures during their grain filling. The maximum rate of grain filling ranged from 2.4 to 3.3 mg/day and showed a highly significant negative correlation with the year of cultivar release (r = –0.91*). The variation in grain weight, significant but not correlated with the year of release, was associated with the rate of grain filling, which was in turn related to the grain number per unit area. A compensating variability still exists among modern Italian cultivars in both grain number and grain-filling rate, which demonstrates that durum wheat grain yield can be increased while also preserving high grain weights.

QTL dissection of yield components and morpho-physiological traits in a durum wheat elite population tested in contrasting thermo-pluviometric conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Graziani ◽  
M. Maccaferri ◽  
C. Royo ◽  
F. Salvatorelli ◽  
R. Tuberosa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Peduncle Length

Dissection of the genetic basis of the adaptive response of durum wheat to unfavourable water and temperature regimes is an important prerequisite for the selection of genotypes less vulnerable to environmental constraints. An elite durum population of 249 recombinant inbred lines was tested across 16 Mediterranean environments characterised by contrasting thermo-pluviometric conditions and, consequently, a broad range of productivity (from 0.56 to 5.88 t  ha–1). Among the environmental variables investigated, soil moisture during grain filling showed the most consistent correlation with yield components and grain yield, whereas a weaker, albeit in some cases significant, association was noted with temperature at heading and thermal time during grain filling. Ear peduncle length appeared as a valid and easy-to-phenotype morphological proxy for the water available to the plant. In total, 76 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for yield components and for several morpho-physiological traits (peduncle length, the spectral reflectance index NDVI and leaf greenness at the milk-grain stage expressed in SPAD units) associated with the adaptive response of wheat to water and heat stresses. Although most of the QTLs were significant in only one or two environments, two major QTLs on chromosomes 2BL and 3BS showed consistent additive and epistatic effects on 1000-kernel weight, peduncle length, SPAD values and grain yield in half of the environments. In view of their strong phenotypic effects on kernel weight, these two QTLs are good candidates for positional cloning in order to gain a better understanding of the functional basis of their effect on the plasticity of grain weight and grain yield.

Variation in growth, development, and yield of durum wheat in response to high soil boron. I. Average effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yau ◽  
M. C. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Set Up

A greenhouse study was conducted to examine how the performance of a group of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf, syn. T. Durum) lines was affected by high soil boron (B) levels in terms of growth, phenological development, and grain yield components. Three soil B levels (hot-water extractable B concentrations of 0·3, 7·1, and 17·4 mg/kg) were set up by mixing soil with boric acid. Foliar symptom scores of B toxicity were taken at the beginning of tillering. Six seedlings were then harvested from each pot for measurement of dry weight and shoot B concentration. Days to heading, numbers of tillers and heads, plant height, flag-leaf area, grain and straw yield, and number of grains were also measured. The high soil B level (17·4 mg/kg) caused symptoms of B toxicity on the foliage, increased shoot B concentrations, retarded growth, and reduced grain yield. Other effects included delayed heading; greater reduction in grain yield than straw yield; severely reduced grain yield per tiller due to an increase in aborted tillers; and decreased 1000-grain weight and number of heads per plant. The moderately high soil B level (7·1 mg/kg) also severely depressed the grain yield of these durum lines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Elite Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits under Irrigated Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Ramji Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Dhruba Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Raju Kharel ◽  
Ankit Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Thirty International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) elite lines and Nepalese commercial wheat varieties were grown at Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan in Alpha-lattice design to identify high yielding genotypes, yield attributing parameters and correlations between them. Observations were taken for different morpho-physiological and yield attributing traits i.e., days to booting, heading, anthesis, maturity, flag leaf senescence, flag leaf duration, grain filling duration, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight, hectoliter weight, grain yield and biomass yield. Significant genotypic differences were observed for all the traits studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. The mean grain yield was 2148 kg/ha and it ranged from 1000 to 3425 kg/ha. BLOUK#1/4/WHEAR/KUKUNA/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/5/MUNAL #1 (35th ESWYT138) was the highest grain yielding genotype among all followed by CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/3/FISCAL/4/DANPHE#1/5/CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/3/SKAUZ/BAV92 (ESWYT 141), Gautam, Vijay and CHYAK1*2/3/HUW234+LR34/PRINIA//PFAU/WEAVER (ESWYT129). Grain yield had significant strong positive correlation with grain filling duration (0.685**), plant height (0.606**), thousand kernel weight (0.675**), biomass yield (0.892**) and hectoliter weight (0.586**). Four clusters were formed by cluster analysis and genotypes were grouped in a particular cluster on the basis of similarity of morpho-physiological traits. So, these genotypes may be exploited for their direct release or as parents in hybridization programmes to develop high yielding wheat varieties.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 194-202

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document