scholarly journals Echinacea purpurea Extract Affects the Immune System, Global Metabolome, and Gut Microbiome in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chongchong Wang ◽  
Yuanlong Hou ◽  
Yingfang Lv ◽  
Shaoqiu Chen ◽  
Xueying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Immunologic Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea Extract

Echinacea purpurea extract, a traditional herbal food additive with dual-purpose of medicine and edible material, has been widely used for the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases, especially for children, old aged and immunocompromised patients. Although there were numerous reports suggested E. purpurea possessed immunostimulatory and antibacterial effects in vitro, the mechanisms underlying remained to be elucidated. This study employed immunologic factors analysis, GC-TOFMS based metabolomics and 16S-rRNA-sequencing microbiome profiling technologies to explore the effects of E. purpurea on young rats, a physiological insufficient immunity status, by compared with pidotimod treatment on young rats and adult animals. E. purpurea treatment significantly increased IL-2, decreased IL-6 and affect immunoglobulins in the spleen of young rats, indicating its promotion of cellular immunity. Both the immunologic factors and the global metabolome of E. purpurea treated young rats were close to the status of mature individuals. Results of 16S-rRNA-sequencing of ileum content together with co-metabolism metabolites demonstrated that E. purpurea changed gut microbiota structure characteristically as a reducing Firmicutes phylum, especially Lactobacillus, and a rising Actinobacteria phylum including Bifidobacterium. The results were concluded that E. purpurea could potentially promote the maturation of immune and metabolism of immature rats, and also affect gut flora structure.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharide on Bifidobacterium of Human Gut Bacteria In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jiankuan Li ◽  
Lina Dong ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Jianping Gao
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Codonopsis Pilosula ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective. To evaluate the prebiotic effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) on human gut bacteria in vitro. Methods. Codonopsis Radix was extracted with water at 100°C, and the extract was precipitated by 80% ethanol to obtain CPP. Human fresh fecal samples were collected from three healthy adults and used to ferment CPP. The fermented samples were collected to be analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results. The results showed that CPP exhibited significantly the stimulation on the growth of genus Bifidobacterium of human gut bacteria (Padj < 0.05). Although CPP also exhibited regulative trends on the genera including Acidaminococcus, Bilophila, Dorea, and Eggerthella, no significant differences were observed (Padj > 0.05), which was likely associated with the limited samples (n = 3). Conclusion. CPP has the potential to stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium of the human gut bacteria and to be benefit to human health.

scholarly journals Effect of Oregano Oil and Cobalt Lactate on Sheep In Vitro Digestibility, Fermentation Characteristics and Rumen Microbial Community

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Zhengwen Wang ◽  
Xiongxiong Li ◽  
Lingyun Zhang ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Shengguo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different EOC (0.1425% cobalt lactate + 1.13% oregano essential oil + 98.7275% carrier) levels on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial changes. Six EOC levels (treatments: 0 mg·L−1, CON; 50 mg·L−1, EOC1; 100 mg·L−1, EOC2; 400 mg·L−1, EOC3; 800 mg·L−1, EOC4 and 1500 mg·L−1, EOC5) were selected to be used to in vitro incubation. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration, total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration and microbial protein (MCP) concentration were measured after 48 h incubation, after which the groups with significant nutrient digestibility and fermentation parameters were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the total gas production (GP) of the EOC5 group was higher than that of the other groups after 12 h of in vitro incubation. TVFA, NH3-N and MCP concentrations were also shown to be higher in group EOC5 than those in other groups (p < 0.05), while NH3-N and MCP concentrations in the EOC2 group were lower than those in other groups significantly (p < 0.05). The molar ratio of acetic acid decreased while the molar ratio of propionic acid increased after the addition of EOC. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the rumen microbiota was altered in response to adding EOC, especially for the EOC5 treatment, with firmicutes shown to be the most abundant (43.1%). The relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was significantly lower, while the relative abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae and Succiniclasticum was significantly higher in the EOC5 group than those in other groups (p < 0.05). Comprehensive analysis showed that EOC (1500 mg·L−1) could significantly increase gas production, alter sheep rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota composition.

Haemophilus parainfluenzaeInfective Endocarditis Diagnosed by Direct 16S rRNA Sequencing of Vegetation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sung-Hee Oh ◽  
Min-Chul Cho ◽  
Jae-Wook Kim ◽  
Dongheui An ◽  
Mun-Hui Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Full-length versus short amplicon 16S rRNA sequencing: benefits, drawbacks and risks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Abellan-Schneyder ◽  
Andrea Janina Bayer ◽  
Sandra Reitmeier ◽  
Klaus Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Full Length ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Full-length versus short amplicon 16S rRNA sequencing: benefits, drawbacks and risks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Janina Bayer ◽  
Sandra Reitmeier ◽  
Klaus Neuhaus ◽  
Isabel Abellan-Schneyder
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Full Length ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

scholarly journals Phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of Lactobacillus species isolated from traditional Lighvan cheese

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Forouhandeh ◽  
Sepideh Zununi Vahed ◽  
Hossein Ahangari ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz ◽  
Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Lighvan Cheese

Abstract Lighvan cheese (Lighvan panir) is among the most famous traditional cheese in Iran for its desired aroma and flavor. Undoubtedly, the lactic acid bacteria especially the genus Lactobacillus are the critical factors in developing the aroma, flavor, and texture in Lighvan cheese. In this study, the Lactobacillus population of the main Lighvan cheese was investigated. The Lactobacillus of the main Lighvan cheese was isolated using specific culture methods according to previously published Guidelines. Then, the phylogenetic features were investigated and the phenotypic characteristics were examined using specific culture methods. Twenty-eight Gram-positive bacterial species were identified belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. According to the same sequences as each other, three groups (A, B, and C) of isolates were categorized with a high degree of similarity to L. fermentum (100%) and L. casei group (L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus) (99.0 to 100%). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprint analysis manifested the presence of three clusters that were dominant in traditional Lighvan cheese. Cluster І was divided into 4 sub-clusters. By the result of carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16S rRNA sequencing, isolates were identified as L. rhamnosus. The isolates in clusters II and III represented L. paracasei and L. fermentum, respectively as they were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and fermented carbohydrate patterns. Our result indicated that the specific aroma and flavor of traditional Lighvan cheese can be related to its Lactobacillus population including L. fermentum, L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Coupled DNA-labeling and sequencing approach enables the detection of viable-but-non-culturable Vibrio spp. in irrigation water sources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Malayil ◽  
Suhana Chattopadhyay ◽  
Emmanuel F. Mongodin ◽  
Amy R. Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Dna Labeling ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Brdu Labeling

AbstractNontraditional irrigation water sources (e.g., recycled water, brackish water) may harbor human pathogens, including Vibrio spp., that could be present in a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state, stymieing current culture-based detection methods. To overcome this challenge, we coupled 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, enrichment techniques, and 16S rRNA sequencing to identify metabolically-active Vibrio spp. in nontraditional irrigation water (recycled water, pond water, non-tidal freshwater, and tidal brackish water). Our coupled BrdU-labeling and sequencing approach revealed the presence of metabolically-active Vibrio spp. at all sampling sites. Whereas, the culture-based method only detected vibrios at three of the four sites. We observed the presence of V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus using both methods, while V. aesturianus and V. shilonii were detected only through our labeling/sequencing approach. Multiple other pathogens of concern to human health were also identified through our labeling/sequencing approach including P. shigelloides, B. cereus and E. cloacae. Most importantly, 16S rRNA sequencing of BrdU-labeled samples resulted in Vibrio spp. detection even when our culture-based methods resulted in negative detection. This suggests that our novel approach can effectively detect metabolically-active Vibrio spp. that may have been present in a VBNC state, refining our understanding of the prevalence of vibrios in nontraditional irrigation waters.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis of Microbiota Promotes Chicken Lipogenesis by Altering Metabolomics in the Cecum

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Yueyue Lin ◽  
Yongshuang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolite Network

Elucidation of the mechanism of lipogenesis and fat deposition is essential for controlling excessive fat deposition in chicken. Studies have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating host lipogenesis and lipid metabolism. However, the function of gut microbiota in the lipogenesis of chicken and their relevant mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, the gut microbiota of chicken was depleted by oral antibiotics. Changes in cecal microbiota and metabolomics were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with MS/MS (UHPLC–MS/MS) analysis. The correlation between antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites and lipogenesis were analysed. We found that oral antibiotics significantly promoted the lipogenesis of chicken. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that oral antibiotics significantly reduced the diversity and richness and caused dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Specifically, the abundance of Proteobacteria was increased considerably while the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were significantly decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of genera Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella were significantly increased while the abundances of 12 genera were significantly decreased, including Bacteroides. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota significantly altered cecal metabolomics and caused declines in abundance of 799 metabolites and increases in abundance of 945 metabolites. Microbiota-metabolite network revealed significant correlations between 4 differential phyla and 244 differential metabolites as well as 15 differential genera and 304 differential metabolites. Three metabolites of l-glutamic acid, pantothenate acid and N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid were identified as potential metabolites that link gut microbiota and lipogenesis in chicken. In conclusion, our results showed that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes lipogenesis of chicken by altering relevant metabolomics. The efforts in this study laid a basis for further study of the mechanisms that gut microbiota regulates lipogenesis and fat deposition of chicken.

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