scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Stem Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Agronomic Traits in Wheat under Different Water Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan Nadia ◽  
Xiaoping Chang ◽  
Ruilian Jing
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Water

Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity worldwide. Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grain-filling phases and results in substantial yield losses. In this context, stem water-soluble carbohydrates (SWSC) were dissected at flowering and grain filling stages under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions using a population consisted of 116 wheat accessions in this research. The main goal was to dissect the genetic basis of water-soluble carbohydrates and the agronomic traits using association mapping approach and identify linked molecular markers. The results showed significant and positive correlations for stem water-soluble carbohydrates at grain filling (SWSCG) with accumulating efficiency of stem water-soluble carbohydrates (AESWSC) and grain filling efficiency at the late stage (GFEL). The accumulating and grain filling efficiency at grain filling stage could play an important role for SWSC especially under DS condition. Four favorable alleles for plant height (PH) and grain yield (GY) were identified in two water environments. Xbarc78-4A163and Xbarc78-4A155 were variant alleles for PH which were identified in both water regimes. Whereas Xwmc25-2D151 and Xgwm165-4B191 positively linked with GY in WW. Although Xwmc420-4A121and Xwmc112-2D215 were alleles for stem water-soluble carbohydrates at flowering (SWSCF) and SWSCG in DS but the frequency were < 5% so they were considered as rare alleles. These SSR markers which explained significant level of phenotypic variability for chosen traits could be used for selection of genotypes in wheat breeding programs through marker-assisted selection.

Time of pruning affects fruit abscission, stem carbohydrates and yield of macadamia

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa McFadyen ◽  
David Robertson ◽  
Margaret Sedgley ◽  
Paul Kristiansen ◽  
Trevor Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Water

Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla Johnson and hybrids) orchards in Australia are typically hedged around anthesis (September). Such hedging reduces yields, largely through competition for carbohydrates between early fruit set and the post-pruning vegetative flush, but also through a reduction in photosynthetic capacity caused by the loss of canopy. We examined whether hedging at other times might mitigate yield losses. Hedging time was found to affect yields across four cultivars: ‘A4’, ‘A38’, ‘344’ and ‘816’. Yield losses were lower for trees hedged in November–December than for trees hedged in September. Yields for trees hedged in June were higher than for trees hedged in September in one experiment, but were similar in a second experiment. Yield losses for September and October hedging were similar. Hedging time changed the pattern of fluctuations in stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). WSC declined shortly after hedging in September, October or November, and the declines preceded increases in fruit abscission relative to unpruned control trees. The increase in fruit abscission was less pronounced for the trees hedged in November, consistent with the idea that fruit become less sensitive to carbon limitation as they mature.

scholarly journals Stem carbohydrate dynamics during post anthesis period in diverse wheat genotypes under different environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 556-559
Author(s):  
Vidisha Thakur ◽  
Girish Chandra Pandey ◽  
Jagadish Rane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Carbohydrate Dynamics

The contribution of stem water soluble carbohydrates (SWSCs) to grain biomass of wheat ranges from 10 to 20% under irrigated condition and 40 to 60% under stresses such as terminal heat and drought. Genetic variation in SWSC and its mobilization can be useful to increase the grain yield of wheat under harsh environments. Hence, a set of 16 genotypes varying in spike morphology and grain yield was grown in field under timely sown, late sown and terminal drought stress conditions. The anthrone method was used to measure the SWSC concentration in the dried peduncle and penultimate internodes in three replicates at 3 growth stages starting from anthesis. The effect of delay in sowing and terminal drought on the SWSC concentration was significant from anthesis to 14 days after anthesis. Significant genetic variation was observed in the rate of post anthesis change in SWSC during the early grain filling period under the three conditions which partially contributed to the variation in grain yield per spike among the genotypes. Due to sterile florets and/or shorter grain filling duration, all the genotypes did not have a correlation between grain weight per spike and rate of decrease of SWSCs. Thus, our experiments reconfirm the significance of SWSC in present cultivars of wheat and also the scope for exploiting the genetic variation in this trait.

scholarly journals Partitioning of assimilates to deeper roots is associated with cooler canopies and increased yield under drought in wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta S. Lopes ◽  
Matthew P. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Dehydration Avoidance

Dehydration avoidance through cooler canopy temperature (CT) has been shown to explain over 60% yield variation in a random progeny derived from a Seri/Babax cross. A near ‘isomorphic’ subset of Seri/Babax progeny and parents encompassing a restricted range of height and phenology were used for detailed characterisation of drought-adaptive trait expression under contrasting water regimes. Under drought, five of the six progeny out yielded the best parent Babax by up to 35%. The main physiological attributes associated with drought adaptation were increased root dry weight at depth, transpiration rate – evidenced by grain carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) – grain filling duration and decreased CT during grain filling. Furthermore, increased root mass at depth was associated with reduced levels of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) when comparing genotypes. It is concluded that differences in rooting depth expressed among iso-morphic wheat sister lines explains superior adaptation to drought. These effects can be detected in season using remote sensing. In addition, the data suggest that accumulation of stem carbohydrates and deep rooting may be two alternative strategies for adapting to drought stress, the latter being beneficial where water is available at depth.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association of Stem Water Soluble Carbohydrates in Bread Wheat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0164293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Jindong Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Geng ◽  
Awais Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Water

scholarly journals Stem deposition ability in modern winter wheat varieties under different environmental conditions as a physiological marker of their productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Priadkina ◽  
O. V. Zborovska ◽  
P. L. Ryzhykova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
The Difference

Aim. The search of relationship between characteristics of the stem deposition ability in winter wheat modern varieties and grains productivity under different environmental conditions. Methods. Field, biochemical (soluble stem carbohydrates) methods and mathematical-statistical analysis. Results. The deposition ability of the stem - a difference of content and the total amount of the water-soluble carbohydrates in the stem of the main shoot and weight of its dry matter content in the phases of flowering and full maturity – for 5 varieties of winter wheat in the years significantly different in weather conditions during grain filling were investigated. It is shown that the difference in weight of stem dry matter at the flowering phase and full ripeness and the grain mass of ear significantly varied with different weather conditions during the grain filling, as well as different varieties. A correlation between the mass of a main shoot grain ear with these indices was analyzed. A close positive correlation (r=0.88±0.13) between the grain mass of ear and the difference in weight of stem dry matter at the flowering phase and full ripeness was found. Conclusions. A physiological marker associated with high productivity of ear in different environmental conditions, which is simple to measure and closely linked to weight of grain from an ear was proposed. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., stem deposited ability, water-soluble carbohydrates, grain productivity.

scholarly journals BIPLOT ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUPERIOR GENOTYPES IN A RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATION OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-609
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Srivastava ◽  
◽  
Puja Srivastava ◽  
R S Sarlach ◽  
Mayank Anand Gururani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Ideal Genotype

Physiological traits of wheat genotypes and their trait relation to drought conditions are important to identify the genotype in target environments. Thus, genotype selection should be based on multiple physiological traits in variable environments within the target region. This study was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University during rabi crop seasons 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of wheat genotypes derived from traditional landraces and modern cultivars (C518/2*PBW343) based on various morpho-physiological traits. A total of 175 RILs were selected for this study based on various tolerance indices. The genotype by trait (GT) biplot analysis was applied to data from seven high-yielding RILs grown under irrigated (E1) and rainfed environments (E2). The GGE biplot explained 100% of the total variation for chlorophyll content, grain filling period, peduncle length, water-soluble carbohydrates, grain number, grain yield, and 95.1% for canopy temperature, 94.9% for thousand-grain weight. GT-biplots indicated that the relationships among the studied traits were not consistent across environments, but they facilitated visual genotype comparisons and selection in each environment. RIL 84 and RIL108 were close to the average environment (ideal genotype) for all traits studied except chlorophyll content. A well-performing genotype with great environmental stability is called an "ideal genotype. Among all entries, these genotypes performed well. Therefore, among the traits studied, grain filling period, peduncle length, canopy temperature, water soluble carbohydrates, and 1000 grain weight contributed to grain yield under a stress environment. Furthermore, it may be used as a donor material in breeding programs and QTLs mapping.

Quantitative trait loci for water-soluble carbohydrates and associations with agronomic traits in wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden ◽  
C. Jenkins ◽  
M. Weiss ◽  
D. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

Several environmental factors including drought and disease can reduce leaf area and photosynthesis during grain-filling to decrease grain yield and kernel weight of cereal crops. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) accumulated around anthesis can be mobilised to assist in filling of developing grains when post-anthesis assimilation is low. Cultivar differences support opportunities to select for high WSC but little is known of the extent or nature of genetic control for this trait in wheat. Three wheat mapping populations (Cranbrook/Halberd, Sunco/Tasman, and CD87/Katepwa) were phenotyped for WSC and other agronomic traits across multiple environments. The range for WSC concentration (WSC-C) was large among progeny contributing to moderate-to-high narrow-sense heritabilities within environments (h2 = 0.51–0.77). Modest genotype × environment interaction reduced the correlation of genotype means across environments (rp = 0.37–0.78, P < 0.01) to reduce heritability on a line-mean (h2 = 0.55–0.87) basis. Transgressive segregation was large and genetic control complex, with 7–16 QTLs being identified for WSC-C in each population. Heritability was smaller (h2 = 0.32–0.54) for WSC mass per unit area (WSC-A), reflecting large genotype × environment interaction and residual variance with estimating anthesis biomass. Fewer significant QTLs (4–8) were identified for this trait in each population, while sizes of individual genetic effects varied between populations but were repeatable across environments. Several genomic regions were common across populations including those associated with plant height (e.g. Rht-B1) and/or anthesis date (e.g. Ppd1). Genotypes with high WSC-C were commonly shorter, flowered earlier, and produced significantly (P < 0.01) fewer tillers than those of low WSC-C. This resulted in similar yields, lower final biomass, and fewer grains per m2, but greater dry weight partitioning to grain, kernel weight, and less grain screenings in high compared with low WSC-C genotypes. By contrast, lines high for WSC-A produced more fertile tillers associated with similar or greater anthesis and maturity biomass, grain number, and yield, yet similar kernel weight or size compared with genotypes with low WSC-A. The data support an important role for WSC-A in assuring stable yield and grain size. However, the small effects of many independent WSC QTLs may limit their direct use for marker-aided selection in breeding programs. We suggest using molecular markers to enrich populations for favourable height and anthesis date alleles before the more costly phenotypic selection among partially inbred families for greater WSC-A.

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