scholarly journals Early Screening of Some Kurdistan Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Nariman S. Ahmad ◽  
Shadia H. S. Kareem ◽  
Kamil M. Mustafa ◽  
Dastan A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Due to the rapid climatic change drought becomes abiotic constraint globally. A factorial laboratory experiment was designed with CRD to evaluate the effects of kernel priming on wheat cultivars under induced drought stress. Seven common wheat cultivars in Kurdistan (Adana, Maxipak, Sham4, Sham6, Aras, Azadi and Rizgari) were tested under different negative osmotic solutions (0, -0.5, -1 and -1.5 Mpa), using Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Among different cultivars Azadi exhibited better survival at high levels of drought stress for germination and its related traits. It also revealed high performance for shoot growth under the water stress, which was affirmed by the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The superiority of this cultivar might be refer to exposing of this genotype to natural selection for a long duration under semiarid conditions of the local environment. Rizgari also had better performance mostly for the seedling characteristics, being a suitable cultivar for the late induced drought. The other cultivars had an intermediate response to the induced drought stress. This method could assist the plant breeder for rapid detection of drought tolerant genotypes in a large population with the reduced cost and labor compared to field trials.

The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah A. ◽  
Winingsih W. ◽  
Soebara Y S
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited. This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua, Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered . The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee. Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.

scholarly journals Comparison of Flavonoid Profiles in Sprouts of Radiation Breeding Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Ah-Reum Han ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Bomi Nam ◽  
Bo-Ram Kim ◽  
Hyeon Hwa Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Wheat Sprout ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Wheat Mutant

Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae), one of the most popular food crops worldwide, contains basic and essential nutrients and various health benefiting phytochemicals. Among them, flavonoids have attracted significant interest owing to their various health-promoting properties. In this study, 35 wheat mutant lines were developed via gamma-irradiated mutation breeding from the original cultivar. The effects of radiation breeding on the endogenous phytochemical production in the sprouts of these mutant lines were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESIMS) with multivariate analysis for the first time in this study. Fourteen characteristic peaks, including eleven flavone C-glycosides, two flavone O-glycosides, and one flavone, were identified. In addition, the contents of three flavone C-glycosides, namely, isoschaftoside, isoorientin, and isoscoparin, in 37 wheat sprout samples from the original cultivar, certificated cultivar, and the mutant lines were determined. A heat map combined with hierarchical clustering showed variation in the relative content for the flavonoids between the 37 wheat sprout samples, clustering into three groups. On principal component analysis scores scatter and loading plots, significant differences in the levels of flavonoids were found between the samples and several markers responsible for group separation were detected. These results provide a scientific reference for the phytochemical variation in wheat mutant lines, thereby aiding in further mutation mechanism studies and for the quality control of the improved wheat cultivars.

Grain mineral composition of Argentinean-adapted wheat cultivars: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Iván D'Amico ◽  
Mauro Silva ◽  
Jorge I. Moriconi ◽  
Guillermo E. Santa-María ◽  
Carlos T. Bainotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Stable Association ◽  
Wheat Lines

Improvement of the nutritional quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been quite challenging, due, in part, to the limited variation found in modern cultivars and the strong effect exerted by the environment, which hinder the selection process. The aim of this study was to characterise the mineral profile of grains of 35 Argentinean-adapted, mostly spring wheat cultivars in two successive years. Concentrations of most mineral nutrients in grains spanned approximately a two-fold range. Our study revealed a strong effect of the environment, but also that some key differences among genotypes are maintained over years. Correlation and principal component analyses showed the existence of a strong and stable association of variables determining the global elemental profile in grains of the wheat lines under analysis. In this regard, some cultivars displayed, over successive years, opposite global patterns of elemental composition, suggesting the existence of a genotype dependent ionome signature. Important negative correlations were found for the concentration of most, but not all, nutrients with yield, thus indicating a potential compromise among beneficial traits. The genotypic variation characterised in the present study has potential to be used in breeding programs aimed at improving wheat grain quality.

scholarly journals Comparative Molecular and Metabolic Profiling of Two Contrasting Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13287
Author(s):  
Hind Emad Fadoul ◽  
Félix Juan Martínez Rivas ◽  
Kerstin Neumann ◽  
Salma Balazadeh ◽  
Alisdair R. Fernie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Transcriptional Factors ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Morphological Criteria

Drought is one of the most important threats to plants and agriculture; therefore, understanding of the mechanisms of drought tolerance is crucial for breeding of new tolerant varieties. Here, we assessed the effects of a long-term water deficit stress simulated on a precision phenotyping system on some morphological criteria and metabolite traits, as well as the expression of drought associated transcriptional factors of two contrasting drought-responsive African wheat cultivars, Condor and Wadielniel. The current study showed that under drought stress Wadielniel exhibits significant higher tillering and height compared to Condor. Further, we used gas chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry to identify compounds that change between the two cultivars upon drought. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that 50 metabolites with a possible role in drought stress regulation were significantly changed in both cultivars under water deficit stress. These metabolites included several amino acids, most notably proline, some organic acids, and lipid classes PC 36:3 and TAG 56:9, which were significantly altered under drought stress. Here, the results discussed in the context of understanding the mechanisms involved in the drought response of wheat cultivars, as the phenotype parameters, metabolite content and expression of drought associated transcriptional factors could also be used for potential crop improvement under drought stress.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield and agronomic traits of new winter bread wheat cultivars

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Bekir Aktas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons

Yield and quality attributes of 13 bread wheat cultivars registered for Thrace region in 2018 and 5 standard bread wheat cultivars were determined and compared in this study. Tested cultivars are originated from Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Austria and Ukraine. Experiments were conducted in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons. Since the locations were not equally distributed to growing seasons, statistical analyses for yield and other parameters were performed through assuming each location as an environment. Therefore, assessments were made over 7 environments. Environment (E) explained 54.9% of the total variation (E+G+GEI), genotype (G) and genotype ? environment interaction (GEI) generated 25.6% and 19.5%, respectively. GGE (Genotype + Genotype by environment interaction) biplot analysis was able to explain 78.51% of variation in grain yield. Trial environments gathered under 3 mega-environments. Of the cultivars registered in 2018, Adali, Bc Anica, Topkapi, FDL Miranda, Otilia, ZT Ziyade, Viktoria and Dragana had values larger than the average and thus they had the largest PC1 (Principal component 1) scores. Tested cultivars were also assessed based on vector lengths to average environment coordinate (AEC). Adali cultivar with a high PC1 score and the closest position to AEC apsis was found to be quite prominent for grain yield. In environment-focused assessments, E3, E4 and E5 had the closest position to ideal environment circle. With regard to physical quality attributes, Pehlivan, Bojana and Adali cultivars had high performance values. The cultivar Bojana, Topkapi and Iveta had protein contents above 15%. For Zeleny sedimentation values, Krasunia odes?ka had the best performance.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Comparison of Clinically Relevant Grain Proteins in Modern and Traditional Bread Wheat Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Olha Lakhneko ◽  
Maksym Danchenko ◽  
Bogdan Morgun ◽  
Andrej Kováč ◽  
Petra Majerová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Traditional Bread

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable cereal crops for human consumption. Its grain storage proteins define bread quality, though they may cause food intolerances or allergies in susceptible individuals. Herein, we discovered a diversity of grain proteins in three Ukrainian wheat cultivars: Sotnytsia, Panna (both modern selection), and Ukrainka (landrace). Firstly, proteins were isolated with a detergent-containing buffer that allowed extraction of various groups of storage proteins (glutenins, gliadins, globulins, and albumins); secondly, the proteome was profiled by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using multi-enzymatic digestion, we identified 49 differentially accumulated proteins. Parallel ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by direct mass spectrometry quantification complemented the results. Principal component analysis confirmed that differences among genotypes were a major source of variation. Non-gluten fraction better discriminated bread wheat cultivars. Various accumulation of clinically relevant plant proteins highlighted one of the modern genotypes as a promising donor for the breeding of hypoallergenic cereals.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity within local and introduced cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under Mediterranean environment as revealed by AFLP markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Mohammed Imad Eddin Arabi ◽  
Amina Shoaib ◽  
Eyad Al-Shehadah ◽  
Mohammed Jawhar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Arithmetic Means

Information on genetic diversity among cultivars is critical in wheat improvement. In this work, heterogeneity within local and introduced cultivars of bread wheat grown in Syria was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The eight primer pairs were used to detect 177 polymorphic bands among the 21 cultivars resulting in an average of 22.13 (57.3%) polymorphic loci per primer pair. Major allelic frequency ranged from 0.50 to 0.75 with a mean 0.64, and estimated gene diversity was 0.45. Values of average polymorphic information content (PIC) for these markers were estimated to be 0.34. This low value might be attributed to the rigorous selection pressure aimed at cultivar purity and associated breeding practices. Dissimilarity values ranged from 0.32 to 0.66 with an average of 0.54, indicating that such techniques sample distinct genome regions. Three major subgroups of wheat cultivars were identified using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means analysis (UPGMA), with all local cultivars falling into one cluster, which was confirmed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The narrow genetic diversity observed among Syrian wheat cultivars suggests the need of broadening the genetic base of wheat breeding materials, including local landraces.

scholarly journals Impact of Genetically Modified Stacked Maize NK603 × MON810 on the Genetic Diversity of Rhizobacterial Communities

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Ondreičková ◽  
Ján Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Gm Maize ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Abstract Field trials with the genetic modified (GM) maize stacked hybrid NK603 × MON810 performed in two different locations in the Czech Republic were used for evaluation of genetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistically significant differences in the number of terminal restriction fragments (i.e. bacterial richness) between GM and non-GM maize were not detected. Diversity indices (Gini-Simpson and Shannon’s) revealed higher bacterial diversity in non-GM sample from location Ivanovice na Hané and in the GM maize from location Probluz, but statistical significant differences between GM and non-GM samples were not detected. Additionally, using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, no substantial variation in the composition of bacterial communities between GM and conventional maize were observed but the differences among individual collection sites were recorded.

scholarly journals Evaluation of traits related to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root in drought tolerance applied at the beginning of vegetative and reproductive stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arman ESKANDARI SHAHRAKI ◽  
Mohammad-Mehdi SOHANI ◽  
Sadollah HOOSHMAND ◽  
Ali AALAMI ◽  
Habibullah SAMIZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Plot Design

<p class="042abstractstekst">Roots play an important role in wheat grain yield, especially under drought stress conditions. To investigate root characteristics under drought stress conditions in bread wheat, 90 lines F10 obtained from the crossing (‘Yecora Rojo’ × ‘Chinese Spring’) randomly with the parents of the population were examined. The study was conducted in the form of a split-plot design with a randomized complete block base in three conditions including: 1. no stress, 2. application of drought stress at the beginning of the vegetative stage, and 3. application of drought stress at the beginning of the reproductive stage. The results showed, interaction between genotype and condition of drought was significant for all root-related traits, except shallow root dry mass, at the level of 1 % probability. The response of root-related traits to different types of drought stress was very complex. The longest root length, decrease for 13.3 % was during stress at the beginning of the vegetative stage in comparison to non-stress conditions, while the same trait increased for 4.9 % during stress at the beginning of the reproductive stage, comparison to non-stress conditions. The results of principal component analysis under non-stress conditions showed that by considering the distribution of genotypes compared to the first two components, genotypes can be identified that have more yield with the proper root condition and vice versa.</p>

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