Grain mineral composition of Argentinean-adapted wheat cultivars: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Iván D'Amico ◽  
Mauro Silva ◽  
Jorge I. Moriconi ◽  
Guillermo E. Santa-María ◽  
Carlos T. Bainotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Stable Association ◽  
Wheat Lines

Improvement of the nutritional quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been quite challenging, due, in part, to the limited variation found in modern cultivars and the strong effect exerted by the environment, which hinder the selection process. The aim of this study was to characterise the mineral profile of grains of 35 Argentinean-adapted, mostly spring wheat cultivars in two successive years. Concentrations of most mineral nutrients in grains spanned approximately a two-fold range. Our study revealed a strong effect of the environment, but also that some key differences among genotypes are maintained over years. Correlation and principal component analyses showed the existence of a strong and stable association of variables determining the global elemental profile in grains of the wheat lines under analysis. In this regard, some cultivars displayed, over successive years, opposite global patterns of elemental composition, suggesting the existence of a genotype dependent ionome signature. Important negative correlations were found for the concentration of most, but not all, nutrients with yield, thus indicating a potential compromise among beneficial traits. The genotypic variation characterised in the present study has potential to be used in breeding programs aimed at improving wheat grain quality.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense with fungicide and insecticide and its effects on the physiological quality of wheat seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janete Denardi Munareto ◽  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Tania Maria Müller ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Guilherme Bergeijer da Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Germination Vigor

Seed treatment is a practice that helps the initial establishment of the crop without the effects caused by pests and diseases. The association of diazotrophic bacteria with grasses has been used in the supply of nitrogen to plants; however, these microorganisms produce growth-promoting substances, which promote benefits in the growth and development of the crops. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense associated with the fungicide difenoconazole and the insecticide thiamethoxam by observing the effects on the quality of seed emergence of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Three wheat cultivars, arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial system with four replicates, were tested. The treatments were the control; difenoconazole (Spectro® at a dose of 150 mL per 100 kg of seed); thiamethoxam (Cruiser® FS 350 at a dose of 200 mL per 100 kg seed) and difenoconazole + thiamethoxam, applied on wheat cultivars TBIO Mestre, TBIO Itaipu and TBIO Sinuelo. Bacteria from the Azospirillum genus were used in the inoculation. The wheat seed retains its quality when it checks the germination, vigor and independent accelerated aging, whether or not fungicide, insecticide and A. brasilense were used. The insecticide thiamethoxam increased the length of shoots and roots and provided compatibility with A. brasilense, and fungicide inhibited the length of shoots and roots and was antagonistic to the bacterium A. brasilense.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF FUNGICIDE TREATMENTS APPLIED TO WHEAT CROP (Triticum aestivum L.) ON SEED PATHOGENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Alexandra Loredana Suciu ◽  
Cătălin Perneș ◽  
Camelia Giurgiu ◽  
Ana-Maria Păcurar ◽  
Laura Șopterean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Health State ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Effectiveness of fungicide treatments during vegetation is recognized as important conditioning factor for the health of wheat crops. Furthermore, quantity and quality of the harvested grain are fundamentally affected by the health state of the crop during vegetation. Aim of this research was to identify the influence exercised by a gradient of fungicide treatments applied to wheat crop on seed mycosis susceptibility after harvest. Seeds belonging to three wheat cultivars (‘Andrada’, ‘Codru’, ‘Exotic’) that received a number of 0-3 fungicide treatments with some commonly used commercial products during vegetation (Credo, Evolus, Acanto Plus), were screened for germination rate, Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. incidence. Overall seed germination frequency was 96%, Alternaria sp. frequency was 8.78% and Fusarium sp. frequency was 2.25%. Seeds from the crop that received three fungicide treatments during vegetation displayed 5.38% higher seed germination relative to control, decrease of Alternaria sp. frequency of 60.94% and decrease of Fusarium sp. frequency of 57.10% relative to control. Results suggest a decrease of seed mycotic load associated with increased number of fungicide treatments applied on the crop. Optimization of fungicide application might be possible by studying the influence of phenophase on the effectiveness of the treatments, and these aspects shall receive more attention in the future.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Comparison of Clinically Relevant Grain Proteins in Modern and Traditional Bread Wheat Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Olha Lakhneko ◽  
Maksym Danchenko ◽  
Bogdan Morgun ◽  
Andrej Kováč ◽  
Petra Majerová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Traditional Bread

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable cereal crops for human consumption. Its grain storage proteins define bread quality, though they may cause food intolerances or allergies in susceptible individuals. Herein, we discovered a diversity of grain proteins in three Ukrainian wheat cultivars: Sotnytsia, Panna (both modern selection), and Ukrainka (landrace). Firstly, proteins were isolated with a detergent-containing buffer that allowed extraction of various groups of storage proteins (glutenins, gliadins, globulins, and albumins); secondly, the proteome was profiled by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using multi-enzymatic digestion, we identified 49 differentially accumulated proteins. Parallel ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by direct mass spectrometry quantification complemented the results. Principal component analysis confirmed that differences among genotypes were a major source of variation. Non-gluten fraction better discriminated bread wheat cultivars. Various accumulation of clinically relevant plant proteins highlighted one of the modern genotypes as a promising donor for the breeding of hypoallergenic cereals.

scholarly journals A Comparative Assessment of the Baking Quality of Hybrid and Population Wheat Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7104
Author(s):  
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽  
Jan Buczek ◽  
Joanna Kaszuba ◽  
Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽  
Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The study assessed the quality parameters of grain and flour, the rheological properties of dough and the quality of bread prepared from flour of hybrid cultivars of wheat in comparison with population cultivars of wheat. As the interest in wheat hybrids cultivars from the agricultural and milling industry is growing, their technological value of grain and flour was evaluated at two levels of nitrogen fertilisation (N1—110 kg/ha, N2—150 kg/ha). Increasing the fertilisation (N2) produced a significant influence on the crude protein and gluten content in the flour, as well as the moisture of the crumb and the yield of the dough without impacting other rheological traits and parameters of bread baking process. The performed principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for identification of the best cultivars among the studied wheat cultivars (Hybery and Hyvento). The hybrid cultivar Hyvento was characterised by favourable qualitative traits of the grain (vitreousness, crude protein content) and rheological parameters of the dough (bread volume), however, it had lower baking quality parameters. Among the hybrid cultivars, the best applicability for baking purposes was Hybery due to the favourable values of the baking process parameters and bread quality (bread yield, bread volume, Dallmann porosity index of crumb). Hybrid cultivars of wheat can therefore be used for the production of bread and be an alternative in agricultural production for population cultivars, which will contribute to filling the knowledge gap for the hybrid wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity within local and introduced cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under Mediterranean environment as revealed by AFLP markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Mohammed Imad Eddin Arabi ◽  
Amina Shoaib ◽  
Eyad Al-Shehadah ◽  
Mohammed Jawhar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Arithmetic Means

Information on genetic diversity among cultivars is critical in wheat improvement. In this work, heterogeneity within local and introduced cultivars of bread wheat grown in Syria was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The eight primer pairs were used to detect 177 polymorphic bands among the 21 cultivars resulting in an average of 22.13 (57.3%) polymorphic loci per primer pair. Major allelic frequency ranged from 0.50 to 0.75 with a mean 0.64, and estimated gene diversity was 0.45. Values of average polymorphic information content (PIC) for these markers were estimated to be 0.34. This low value might be attributed to the rigorous selection pressure aimed at cultivar purity and associated breeding practices. Dissimilarity values ranged from 0.32 to 0.66 with an average of 0.54, indicating that such techniques sample distinct genome regions. Three major subgroups of wheat cultivars were identified using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means analysis (UPGMA), with all local cultivars falling into one cluster, which was confirmed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The narrow genetic diversity observed among Syrian wheat cultivars suggests the need of broadening the genetic base of wheat breeding materials, including local landraces.

scholarly journals Early Screening of Some Kurdistan Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Nariman S. Ahmad ◽  
Shadia H. S. Kareem ◽  
Kamil M. Mustafa ◽  
Dastan A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Due to the rapid climatic change drought becomes abiotic constraint globally. A factorial laboratory experiment was designed with CRD to evaluate the effects of kernel priming on wheat cultivars under induced drought stress. Seven common wheat cultivars in Kurdistan (Adana, Maxipak, Sham4, Sham6, Aras, Azadi and Rizgari) were tested under different negative osmotic solutions (0, -0.5, -1 and -1.5 Mpa), using Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Among different cultivars Azadi exhibited better survival at high levels of drought stress for germination and its related traits. It also revealed high performance for shoot growth under the water stress, which was affirmed by the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The superiority of this cultivar might be refer to exposing of this genotype to natural selection for a long duration under semiarid conditions of the local environment. Rizgari also had better performance mostly for the seedling characteristics, being a suitable cultivar for the late induced drought. The other cultivars had an intermediate response to the induced drought stress. This method could assist the plant breeder for rapid detection of drought tolerant genotypes in a large population with the reduced cost and labor compared to field trials.

Microsurgery Fellowship Website and Social Media Presence: Are Programs Optimizing Recruitment Strategy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Atia ◽  
Hannah C. Langdell ◽  
Andrew Hollins ◽  
Ronnie L. Shammas ◽  
Adam Glener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Social Media Presence ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
Program Description

Abstract Background Microsurgery fellowship applicants make decisions for future training based on information obtained from colleagues, mentors, and microsurgery fellowship program Websites (MFWs). In this study, we sought to evaluate the accessibility and quality of available information by microsurgery programs by analyzing the most commonly used web resources and social media outlets for applicants. Methods The San Francisco (SF) Match and American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery Websites were queried in April 2020 for microsurgery fellowship programs (MFPs) participating in the SF Match. Twenty-two independent variables of information were assessed on MFWs based on previously published data. Social media presence was also assessed by querying Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for official hospital, plastic surgery residency, and microsurgery fellowship accounts. Results All 24 MFWs participating in the SF Match had a webpage. Program description, faculty listing, operative volume, and eligibility requirements were listed for all programs (100%). The majority of MFWs listed affiliated hospitals (75%), provided a link to the fellowship application (66.7%), listed interview dates (66.7%), and highlighted research interests (50%). A minority of MFWs provided information on conference schedule (37.5%), current fellow listing (25%), previous fellow listing (16.67%), and positions held by previous fellows (8.33%). No MFWs (0%) presented information on selection process, or rotation schedule.All hospitals with an MFP had a Facebook page and nearly all had Instagram (83.3%) and Twitter accounts (95.8%). Plastic surgery residency programs at the same institution of an MFP had social media presence on Facebook (38.9%), Twitter (38.9%), and Instagram (66.7%). Only three MFPs had Facebook accounts (12.5%) and none had Instagram or Twitter accounts. Conclusion As the field of microsurgery continues to grow, the need for effective recruitment and training of microsurgeons continues to be essential. Overall, we conclude that both the accessibility and quality of information available to applicants are limited, which is a missed opportunity for recruitment.

Selection by Publication in Economics

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Simonovits
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Publication Process ◽  
Entry Costs ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Source Of Information

According to the dominant view, the quality of individual scientific papers can be evaluated by the standard of the journal in which they are published. This paper attempts to demonstrate the limits of this view in the field of economics. According to our main findings, a publication frequently serves as a signal of high professional standards rather than as a source of information; referees and editors frequently reject good papers and accept bad ones; citation indices only partially balance the distortions deriving from the selection process; there are essential “entry costs” to the publication process. Moreover, financial interests of publishers may contradict scientific interests. As long as leading economists do not give voice to their dissatisfaction, there is no hope for any reform of the selection process.

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