scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi Collected from the Rhizospheres around Different Olive Cultivars Vary in Their Ability to Improve Growth and Polyphenol Levels in Leeks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir S. A. Malik ◽  
Alberto Nuñez ◽  
Lindsay C. McKeever ◽  
Madhurababu Kunta ◽  
David Douds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
Olive Cultivars

<p>Mycorrhizal fungus spores and propagules were collected from the soils in the vicinity of roots of five different olive cultivars. These mycorrhizal fungus communities were amplified in trap cultures and then their effect on the growth and polyphenol levels of leek plants was determined. All mycorrhizal fungus communities increased plant growth in leeks when compared to controls. In addition, communities from the roots of Frantoio and Manzanillo significantly increased plant growth, in terms of plant height and dry weights, as compared to plants that were given mycorrhizal fungus collected from cultivar Mission. Plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus from Frantoio also had an increase in 14 polyphenols compared to uninoculated plants. A majority of polyphenol peaks were also higher in leek plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi from Frantoio roots when compared to plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi from other olive cultivars. The affected polyphenols were identified by mass spectrometry and were mostly found to be derivatives (e.g., pentose, hexose, malonyl, feruyl, and coumaroyl) of quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin; four remained unidentified. Molecular fingerprinting of mycorrhizal fungus communities from different olive cultivars indicated that fungi of the family Gigasporaceae were a major component of inocula obtained from Frantoio and Manzanillo roots, which were better performers in terms of plant growth and polyphenol content. Mycorrhizal fungi from cv Mission roots were relatively poor performers and were dominated by the mycorrhizae of the family Glomeraceae, specicifally the genus <em>Rhizophagus</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Allocation of Carbon from an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, Gigaspora margarita, to Its Gram-Negative and Positive Endobacteria Revealed by High-Resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2597
Author(s):  
Yukari Kuga ◽  
Ting-Di Wu ◽  
Naoya Sakamoto ◽  
Chie Katsuyama ◽  
Hisayoshi Yurimoto
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are obligate symbionts of land plants; furthermore, some of the species harbor endobacteria. Although the molecular approach increased our knowledge of the diversity and origin of the endosymbiosis and its metabolic possibilities, experiments to address the functions of the fungal host have been limited. In this study, a C flow of the fungus to the bacteria was investigated. Onion seedlings colonized with Gigaspora margarita, possessing Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum (CaGg, Gram-negative, resides in vacuole) and Candidatus Moeniiplasma glomeromycotorum (CaMg, Gram-positive, resides in the cytoplasm,) were labelled with 13CO2. The 13C localization within the mycorrhiza was analyzed using high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Correlative TEM-SIMS analysis of the fungal cells revealed that the 13C/12C ratio of CaGg was the lowest among CaMg and mitochondria and was the highest in the cytoplasm. By contrast, the plant cells, mitochondria, plastids, and fungal cytoplasm, which are contributors to the host, showed significantly higher 13C enrichment than the host cytoplasm. The C allocation patterns implied that CaMg has a greater impact than CaGg on G. margarita, but both seemed to be less burdensome to the host fungus in terms of C cost.

The effect of co-inoculation of pea plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on the nodulation, growth and productivity.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4954
Author(s):  
Shinde B. P. ◽  
Jaya Thakur*
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
Dual Inoculation

Soil microorganisms can be used to decrease the input of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals. Among soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium spp. can promote plant growth. Integration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with Rhizobium spp. thus appears to be a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the response of pea (Pisum sativum) to AMF species Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus intraradix and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, regarding the growth, nodulation and yield. Pea plants were grown in pots until the flowering stage (35 days). Five replicates of control, with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza alone and the dual inoculation of Rhizobium and AMF were maintained during present studies. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant growth, nodule biomass and nodule number in comparison with single inoculation with AMF and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae.

Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the nematicide aldicarb on hatch and development of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, and yield of potatoes

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Deliopoulos ◽  
Patrick P.J. Haydock ◽  
Peter W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Dry Biomass

Abstract The effects of inoculation of roots of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Golden Wonder with the mixed-isolate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculum Vaminoc, or with three single-isolates AMF inocula (Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae and G. dussii; components of Vaminoc), on the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida were assessed in a pot experiment in the presence or absence of the nematicide aldicarb (Temik 10G). Mycorrhization of potato roots stimulated an 11% overall mean increase in the hatch of G. pallida within the first 2-4 weeks from planting. In the presence of aldicarb, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited only 57% of the PCN population size (viable eggs (g soil)−1) of the non-inoculated plants; in the absence of aldicarb the respective value was 42%. Root length colonisation by AMF was unaffected by the application of aldicarb. Roots of PCN-infested plants exhibited reduced levels of mycorrhizal colonisation (41%) compared to non-PCN-infested plants (45%). The AMF isolates used differed in their ability to produce a plant growth response (expressed as root dry weight, shoot dry weight or total dry biomass) and to affect tuber yield. In this regard, the single Glomus isolates enhanced plant growth (36% increase in total dry biomass) and improved fresh tuber yield by 22% on average, while Vaminoc had, in most cases, no effect. It was concluded that AMF have potential to reduce G. pallida multiplication via a dual mechanism involving stimulation of nematode hatch and inhibition of root invasion. Field experimentation will be required to take this research forward and assess the feasibility of including AMF in G. pallida integrated management strategies.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Yong-Jie Xu ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Nutrient Contents

Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management.

scholarly journals Plant–plant interactions vary with different mycorrhizal fungus species

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D Hoeksema
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
Plant Plant

Because different species of mycorrhizal fungi have different effects on the growth of particular plant species, variation in mycorrhizal fungus species composition could cause changes in the strength of plant–plant interactions. Results are presented from a growth chamber experiment that compared the strength of interactions among seedlings of ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ) when the pines were colonized by two different groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus Rhizopogon . Plant density effects differed between the two groups of mycorrhizal fungi: plant growth was low regardless of density when plants were colonized with pine-specific Rhizopogon species, while plant growth declined with plant density when plants were colonized by Rhizopogon species having a broader host range. This result parallels results from previous studies showing that plant interactions are more antagonistic with mycorrhizal fungi than without, implying that plant responsiveness to beneficial mycorrhizal fungi declines with increasing plant density. If such effects are prevalent in plant communities, then variation in mycorrhizal fungus community composition is predicted to have a density-dependent effect on plants.

scholarly journals Efectividad de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos de rizósfera de Agave como promotores de crecimiento de papaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Evangelina Esmeralda Quiñones Aguilar ◽  
Laura Verónica Hernández Cuevas ◽  
Luis López Pérez ◽  
Gabriel Rincón Enríquez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Dry Biomass

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are benef icial symbionts of most terrestrial plants. This symbiosis brings benef its to both symbionts. The plant involved in the symbiosis is supplied with nutrients by the fungus that promotes plant growth, in exchange for energy for reproduction of the AMF. In this context, the effectiveness of multi-specif ic AMF inocula from the rhizosphere of Agave cupreata from Michoacán, Mexico, in promoting the growth of papaya plants was evaluated. An experiment was carried out in ten random blocks with eleven treatments: eight consortiums of AMF, a commercial biofertilizer based on AMF (EndoMic®), a reference strain (Claroideoglomus claroideum) and a control without AMF. One hundred days after establishing the experiment, we evaluated the variables plant height, stem diameter, dry biomass of foliage, root and total, foliar area, relative index of mycorrhizal dependence, mycorrhizal colonization and density of mycorrhizal spores. The data were analyzed through an analysis of variance and correlation. The results showed that two of the consortiums promoted plant growth eff iciently; the plants inoculated with the consortiums AD-MTu and CM-MT signif icantly increased (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) dry biomass by 240 and 225%, respectively, relative to the control without AMF, while with the biofertilizer EndoMic® the increase for the same variable was only 12%. It is concluded that the use of consortiums of AMF promotes the growth of papaya and therefore could be used in nurseries or greenhouses.

scholarly journals Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth Response to Soil Amendment with Composted Grape Pomace or Its Water Extract

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Composted materials with high humic and microbial content, and their water extracts, are increasingly used in the nursery industry as potting mix components or as liquid amendments for the purposes of enhancing plant growth. Common speculation is that such materials either contain beneficial microbes or stimulate those in or added to the medium, such as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, known to have growth-stimulating effects on plants. Experiments were conducted to determine if one such compost enhanced plant growth by stimulating VAM fungi or other growth-enhancing microbes, by simply providing limiting nutrients [phosphorus (P)], or a combination of the two. Highly mycorrhiza-responsive onion (Allium cepa) `White Lisbon' was used to evaluate the interactions of composted grape pomace (CGP), the VAM fungus Glomus intraradices, and preplant soil heat treatment on onion growth under P-limiting conditions. CGP and its water extract stimulated onion growth under P-limiting conditions in the absence of VAM; the extract was more effective than the granular CGP. Growth was enhanced further by addition of G. intraradices, and the extract enhanced its colonization of roots. Heat pretreatment of the soil inconsistently affected growth-enhancement by CGP or its extract. Thus, inoculating plant roots with mycorrhizal fungi in combination with this composted organic amendment or its extract was beneficial. The effect could have been due to the CGP providing a source of P to overcome the P-limiting conditions, and to the mycorrhizal fungus enhancing P uptake by its extraradical hyphae and thereby increasing nutrient-use efficiency.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol in crop sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laíze Aparecida Ferreira Vilela ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira ◽  
Vera Lúcia da Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Soil structure has major influence on ecosystem sustainability and plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important functional group of soil microbiota, acting in the process of aggregation, especially in agroecosystems and related to the production and plant diversity. AMF are widely distributed in tropical agroecosystems and are extremely important for development of many agricultural crops. The present study evaluated the effect of inoculation with Glomus macrocarpum in different crop sequences on plant growth, microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in a4 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of four conditions of elimination and/or introduction of AMF (NS-NI: non-sterilized and non-inoculated; NS-I: non-sterilized and inoculated; S-NI: sterilized and non-inoculated; andS-I: sterilized and inoculated) and four crop sequences (Panicum maximum/Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis/ soybean, sorghum/soybean and Stylosanthes spp./soybean). Inoculation favored growth of Stylosanthes spp. by increasing plant growth in up to 91% when inoculated. None of the grasses benefited from G. macrocarpum introduction. We observed that G. macrocarpum inoculation associated with indigenous AMF increased microbial biomass, phosphatase activity, mean geometric diameter and mean weighted diameter. The results indicated the beneficial effects of inoculation, which reflected in soil structure improvement and, hence, to agroecosystems sustainability.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS Glomus clorum TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.), TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) DAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)

Biocelebes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa ◽  
Yusran ◽  
Wahyu Harso
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Randomized Design

Increasing plant growth by arbuscula mycorrhizal fungi depends on the fungus and plant spesies. The aim of this study was to determine the efectivity of fungal mycorrhizal fungus on the growth of cayenne pepper, tomato and eggplant  which are Solanaceae family members. The study was conducted by Completely Randomized Design method.with two factors. The fisrt factor was species of experimental plant consisted of  cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). The second factor was addition of Glomus clorum inokulum consisted of with and without inoculum addition. The result showed that there was no effect of inoculum addition on plant growth of three experiemal plants. The quality of inoculum used for this experiment was not good enough furthermore fungi could not germinate and colonize plant root.

scholarly journals Co-Inoculation of an Endophytic and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Improve Growth and Yield of Helianthus tuberosus L. under Field Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Saranya Khaekhum ◽  
Jindarat Ekprasert ◽  
Thanapat Suebrasri ◽  
Wasan Seemakram ◽  
Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi (EPF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbioses can promote the growth and productivity of several types of plants. This work aimed to investigate the effect of co-inoculation of an EPF Exserohilum rostratum NMS1.5 and an AMF Glomus etunicatum UDCN52867 g.5 on the growth and yields of sunchoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) compared to the effects of full–dose and half–dose chemical fertilizer (15–15–15) under field conditions. Several plant growth parameters of the co–inoculated plants were significantly higher than the other treatments. Remarkably, such an effect was relatively equal to that of the full–dose chemical fertilizers. Moreover, the co-inoculation of EPF and AMF significantly improved the tuber yield production, even better than the use of a chemical fertilizer. This is the first report to show that plant growth promoting effects of the co–inoculation of EPF and AMF were exceptionally greater than those of the chemical fertilizer. Therefore, our EPF and AMF could potentially be used as a biofertilizer for promoting the growth and yield of sunchoke in the fields.

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