scholarly journals Plant–plant interactions vary with different mycorrhizal fungus species

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D Hoeksema
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
Plant Plant

Because different species of mycorrhizal fungi have different effects on the growth of particular plant species, variation in mycorrhizal fungus species composition could cause changes in the strength of plant–plant interactions. Results are presented from a growth chamber experiment that compared the strength of interactions among seedlings of ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ) when the pines were colonized by two different groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus Rhizopogon . Plant density effects differed between the two groups of mycorrhizal fungi: plant growth was low regardless of density when plants were colonized with pine-specific Rhizopogon species, while plant growth declined with plant density when plants were colonized by Rhizopogon species having a broader host range. This result parallels results from previous studies showing that plant interactions are more antagonistic with mycorrhizal fungi than without, implying that plant responsiveness to beneficial mycorrhizal fungi declines with increasing plant density. If such effects are prevalent in plant communities, then variation in mycorrhizal fungus community composition is predicted to have a density-dependent effect on plants.

scholarly journals Within-species phylogenetic relatedness of a common mycorrhizal fungus affects evenness in plant communities through effects on dominant species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Savary ◽  
Lucas Villard ◽  
Ian R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to influence plant community structure and diversity. Studies based on single plant - single AMF isolate experiments show that within AMF species variation leads to large differential growth responses of different plant species. Because of these differential effects, genetic differences among isolates of an AMF species could potentially have strong effects on the structure of plant communities.We tested the hypothesis that within species variation in the AMF R. irregularis significantly affects plant community structure and plant co-existence. We took advantage of a recent genetic characterization of several isolates using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). This allowed us to test not only for the impact of within AMF species variation on plant community structure but also for the role of the R. irregularis phylogeny on plant community metrics. Nine isolates of R. irregularis, belonging to three different genetic groups (Gp1, Gp3 and Gp4), were used as either single inoculum or as mixed diversity inoculum. Plants in a mesocosm representing common species that naturally co-exist in European grasslands were inoculated with the different AMF treatments.We found that within-species differences in R. irregularis did not strongly influence the performance of individual plants or the structure of the overall plant community. However, the evenness of the plant community was affected by the phylogeny of the fungal isolates, where more closely-related AMF isolates were more likely to affect plant community evenness in a similar way compared to more genetically distant isolates.This study underlines the effect of within AMF species variability on plant community structure. While differential effects of the AMF isolates were not strong, a single AMF species had enough functional variability to change the equilibrium of a plant community in a way that is associated with the evolutionary history of the fungus.

The effect of co-inoculation of pea plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on the nodulation, growth and productivity.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4954
Author(s):  
Shinde B. P. ◽  
Jaya Thakur*
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
Dual Inoculation

Soil microorganisms can be used to decrease the input of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals. Among soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium spp. can promote plant growth. Integration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with Rhizobium spp. thus appears to be a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the response of pea (Pisum sativum) to AMF species Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus intraradix and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, regarding the growth, nodulation and yield. Pea plants were grown in pots until the flowering stage (35 days). Five replicates of control, with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza alone and the dual inoculation of Rhizobium and AMF were maintained during present studies. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant growth, nodule biomass and nodule number in comparison with single inoculation with AMF and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae.

Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the nematicide aldicarb on hatch and development of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, and yield of potatoes

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Deliopoulos ◽  
Patrick P.J. Haydock ◽  
Peter W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Dry Biomass

Abstract The effects of inoculation of roots of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Golden Wonder with the mixed-isolate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculum Vaminoc, or with three single-isolates AMF inocula (Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae and G. dussii; components of Vaminoc), on the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida were assessed in a pot experiment in the presence or absence of the nematicide aldicarb (Temik 10G). Mycorrhization of potato roots stimulated an 11% overall mean increase in the hatch of G. pallida within the first 2-4 weeks from planting. In the presence of aldicarb, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited only 57% of the PCN population size (viable eggs (g soil)−1) of the non-inoculated plants; in the absence of aldicarb the respective value was 42%. Root length colonisation by AMF was unaffected by the application of aldicarb. Roots of PCN-infested plants exhibited reduced levels of mycorrhizal colonisation (41%) compared to non-PCN-infested plants (45%). The AMF isolates used differed in their ability to produce a plant growth response (expressed as root dry weight, shoot dry weight or total dry biomass) and to affect tuber yield. In this regard, the single Glomus isolates enhanced plant growth (36% increase in total dry biomass) and improved fresh tuber yield by 22% on average, while Vaminoc had, in most cases, no effect. It was concluded that AMF have potential to reduce G. pallida multiplication via a dual mechanism involving stimulation of nematode hatch and inhibition of root invasion. Field experimentation will be required to take this research forward and assess the feasibility of including AMF in G. pallida integrated management strategies.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Yong-Jie Xu ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Nutrient Contents

Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management.

scholarly journals İklim Değişikliğinin Bitki-Faydalı Mikroorganizma Etkileşimleri Üzerindeki Etkileri

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2594-2603
Author(s):  
Kubilay Kurtulus Bastas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Global climate is estimated to change drastically over the next century and the ecosystems will be affected in this changing environment. Plant-associated beneficial microorganisms can stimulate plant growth and increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nowadays, the effects of climate change factors such as increased carbon dioxide (CO2), drought and warming on plant-beneficial microorganism interactions are increasingly being investigated in the scope of plant growth and health. Recent studies have shown that high CO2 level has a positive effect on the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi, whereas the effects on plant growth promoting bacteria and endophytic fungi are more variable. Elevated CO2 conditions lead to increased colonization of beneficial fungi. Additionally, the results of increasing CO2 levels, warming and drought, depend upon the plant and the microbial genotype. Also, plant growth promoting microorganisms, especially bacteria, positively affect plants exposed to drought stress. Altered communities of beneficial microorganisms depending on climate changes, might have to compete with different microbial communities and, therefore microbial activities may also get affected. This work presents that climate change is an important factor affecting microorganism and plant interactions, needs to take into consideration the adaptation processes in plants and microorganisms and might require the selection of adapted plant cultivars.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi Collected from the Rhizospheres around Different Olive Cultivars Vary in Their Ability to Improve Growth and Polyphenol Levels in Leeks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir S. A. Malik ◽  
Alberto Nuñez ◽  
Lindsay C. McKeever ◽  
Madhurababu Kunta ◽  
David Douds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
Olive Cultivars

<p>Mycorrhizal fungus spores and propagules were collected from the soils in the vicinity of roots of five different olive cultivars. These mycorrhizal fungus communities were amplified in trap cultures and then their effect on the growth and polyphenol levels of leek plants was determined. All mycorrhizal fungus communities increased plant growth in leeks when compared to controls. In addition, communities from the roots of Frantoio and Manzanillo significantly increased plant growth, in terms of plant height and dry weights, as compared to plants that were given mycorrhizal fungus collected from cultivar Mission. Plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus from Frantoio also had an increase in 14 polyphenols compared to uninoculated plants. A majority of polyphenol peaks were also higher in leek plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi from Frantoio roots when compared to plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi from other olive cultivars. The affected polyphenols were identified by mass spectrometry and were mostly found to be derivatives (e.g., pentose, hexose, malonyl, feruyl, and coumaroyl) of quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin; four remained unidentified. Molecular fingerprinting of mycorrhizal fungus communities from different olive cultivars indicated that fungi of the family Gigasporaceae were a major component of inocula obtained from Frantoio and Manzanillo roots, which were better performers in terms of plant growth and polyphenol content. Mycorrhizal fungi from cv Mission roots were relatively poor performers and were dominated by the mycorrhizae of the family Glomeraceae, specicifally the genus <em>Rhizophagus</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Deviation from niche optima affects the nature of plant–plant interactions along a soil acidity gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20150925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei He ◽  
Lulu Cheng ◽  
Liangliang Hu ◽  
Jianjun Tang ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Relative Interaction Index ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Optimal Ph ◽  
Plant Plant

There is increasing recognition of the importance of niche optima in the shift of plant–plant interactions along environmental stress gradients. Here, we investigate whether deviation from niche optima would affect the outcome of plant–plant interactions along a soil acidity gradient (pH = 3.1, 4.1, 5.5 and 6.1) in a pot experiment. We used the acid-tolerant species Lespedeza formosa Koehne as the neighbouring plant and the acid-tolerant species Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats. or acid-sensitive species Medicago sativa L. as the target plants. Biomass was used to determine the optimal pH and to calculate the relative interaction index (RII). We found that the relationships between RII and the deviation of soil pH from the target's optimal pH were linear for both target species. Both targets were increasingly promoted by the neighbour as pH values deviated from their optima; neighbours benefitted target plants by promoting soil symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, increasing soil organic matter or reducing soil exchangeable aluminium. Our results suggest that the shape of the curve describing the relationship between soil pH and facilitation/competition depends on the soil pH optima of the particular species.

Testing the effects of species interactions and water limitation on tree seedling biomass allocation and physiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L Kerr ◽  
Nicole Zenes ◽  
Anna T Trugman ◽  
William R L Anderegg
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Water Limitation

Abstract Species interactions mediate tree responses to water limitation because competition and/or facilitation alter plant physiology and growth. However, because it is difficult to isolate the effects of plant–plant interactions and water limitation from other environmental factors, the mechanisms underlying tree physiology and growth in coexisting plants under drought are poorly understood. We investigated how species interactions and water limitation impact the physiology and growth of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings in a controlled environment growth chamber, using aspen as a focal species. Seedlings were grown in pots alone or with a con- or hetero-specific seedling, and were subjected to a water limitation treatment. Growth, water status and physiological traits were measured before, during and after the treatment. Under well-watered conditions, the presence of another seedling affected growth or biomass allocation in all species, but did not impact the physiological traits we measured. Under water limitation, the presence of a competing seedling had a marginal impact on seedling growth and physiological traits in all species. Throughout the study, the magnitude and direction of seedling responses were complex and often species-specific. Our study serves as an important step toward testing how species’ interactions modify physiological responses and growth in well-watered and water-limited periods.

scholarly journals Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth Response to Soil Amendment with Composted Grape Pomace or Its Water Extract

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Composted materials with high humic and microbial content, and their water extracts, are increasingly used in the nursery industry as potting mix components or as liquid amendments for the purposes of enhancing plant growth. Common speculation is that such materials either contain beneficial microbes or stimulate those in or added to the medium, such as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, known to have growth-stimulating effects on plants. Experiments were conducted to determine if one such compost enhanced plant growth by stimulating VAM fungi or other growth-enhancing microbes, by simply providing limiting nutrients [phosphorus (P)], or a combination of the two. Highly mycorrhiza-responsive onion (Allium cepa) `White Lisbon' was used to evaluate the interactions of composted grape pomace (CGP), the VAM fungus Glomus intraradices, and preplant soil heat treatment on onion growth under P-limiting conditions. CGP and its water extract stimulated onion growth under P-limiting conditions in the absence of VAM; the extract was more effective than the granular CGP. Growth was enhanced further by addition of G. intraradices, and the extract enhanced its colonization of roots. Heat pretreatment of the soil inconsistently affected growth-enhancement by CGP or its extract. Thus, inoculating plant roots with mycorrhizal fungi in combination with this composted organic amendment or its extract was beneficial. The effect could have been due to the CGP providing a source of P to overcome the P-limiting conditions, and to the mycorrhizal fungus enhancing P uptake by its extraradical hyphae and thereby increasing nutrient-use efficiency.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol in crop sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laíze Aparecida Ferreira Vilela ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira ◽  
Vera Lúcia da Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Soil structure has major influence on ecosystem sustainability and plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important functional group of soil microbiota, acting in the process of aggregation, especially in agroecosystems and related to the production and plant diversity. AMF are widely distributed in tropical agroecosystems and are extremely important for development of many agricultural crops. The present study evaluated the effect of inoculation with Glomus macrocarpum in different crop sequences on plant growth, microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in a4 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of four conditions of elimination and/or introduction of AMF (NS-NI: non-sterilized and non-inoculated; NS-I: non-sterilized and inoculated; S-NI: sterilized and non-inoculated; andS-I: sterilized and inoculated) and four crop sequences (Panicum maximum/Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis/ soybean, sorghum/soybean and Stylosanthes spp./soybean). Inoculation favored growth of Stylosanthes spp. by increasing plant growth in up to 91% when inoculated. None of the grasses benefited from G. macrocarpum introduction. We observed that G. macrocarpum inoculation associated with indigenous AMF increased microbial biomass, phosphatase activity, mean geometric diameter and mean weighted diameter. The results indicated the beneficial effects of inoculation, which reflected in soil structure improvement and, hence, to agroecosystems sustainability.

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