scholarly journals Brugmansia suaveolens Leaf Productivity and Alkaloid Contents Under Different Doses of Organic Fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Rafael B. Reis ◽  
Felipe S. Bragagnolo ◽  
Thiago M. R. Gianeti ◽  
Sérgio A. Rodrigues ◽  
Cristiano S. Funari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Brugmansia Suaveolens ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Alkaloid Contents ◽  
Different Doses

According to the World Health Organization, the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides should be avoided in the cultivation of medicinal plants due to their potential antagonistic actions. Brugmansia spp. is a perennial bush native to South America, but it is also cultivated in Europe, Central America, and Asia due to its ornamental characteristics. Aerial parts of this plant are used in ethnomedicine to alleviate ulcers and pain, as well as to treat abscesses, fungal infection of the skin, and dermatitis. Tropane alkaloids scopolamine and atropine are recognized as active principles of this plant. This study evaluated the applicability of organic agricultural techniques in the cultivation of Brugmansia suaveolens. The influence of different dosages (0-60 tons/ha) of organic fertilizer on the mass productivity of plant shoot as well as their atropine and scopolamine contents were investigated. The average dry matter of leaves (26.54±5.12-55.41±12.85 g) and stems (26.73±8.51-58.60±17.62 g) per plant increased with increasingly availability of organic fertilizer (0-60 ton/ha). The same behavior was observed when the contents of the active tropane alkaloids scopolamine (0.72±0.03-0.86±0.13 mg/g) and atropine (0.79±0.03-0.96±0.11 mg/g) were monitored by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. Overall, the treatment at the maximum level tested in this work (60 ton/ha) should be preferred over the other treatments. B. suaveolens could be a potential source of tropane alkaloids for the community of Botucatu city, which is a leading city in Brazil for the cultivation of food products under organic, biodynamic, and agroecology premises.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON DARK-GRAY FOREST SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. ГАБИБОВ
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Impact

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы влияния биологических и минеральных удобрений на продуктивность озимой ржи на темно-серой лесной почве в условиях Рязанской области. Исследования проводились по методу расщепленных делянок: на делянках первого порядка на озимой ржи изучали эффективность минеральных и органических удобрений, а на делянках второго порядка – действие биопрепаратов. Результаты исследований показали, что наилучшим из исследованных агроэкологических приемов повышения урожайности озимой ржи является использование в качестве органического удобрения соломы люпина и инокуляции семян биопрепаратами ризоагрин или флавобактерин. Урожайность зерна озимой ржи составляет от 37,5 ц/га при использовании ризоагрина и до 38,7 ц/га – флавобактерина, в среднем за 3 года. Относительно фона прибавка составляет 6,7 и 7,9 ц/га или 21,9 и 25,5%. При данном агротехнологическом приеме прибавка получена как за счет увеличения продуктивных стеблей с 495 ш/м2 до 521 шт/м2 при обработке ризоагрином и 538 шт/м2 при обработке флавобактерином, так и за счет увеличения массы зерна в колосе (35,1 г на контроле, 37,5 г при обработке ризоагрином и 37,7 г флавобактерином). Необходимо отметить, что этот максимальный уровень урожайности в опыте был достигнут без внесения минеральных азотных удобрений. В целом наблюдается прямая корреляция между содержанием азота и урожайностью озимой ржи. Вынос основных элементов питания возрастает с увеличением урожайности. This article discusses the impact of biological and mineral fertilizers on the productivity of winter rye on dark gray forest soil in the Ryazan region. Studies were carried out by the method of split plots: on plots of the first order on winter rye studied the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers, and on plots of the second order-the effect of biological products. The results of the research showed that the best of the studied agroecological methods of increasing the yield of winter rye is the use of Lupin straw as an organic fertilizer and inoculation of seeds with biologics rizoagrin or flavobacterin. The yield of winter rye grain is from 37.5 C / ha using rhizoagrin and up to 38.7 C / ha from flavobacterin, on average for 3 years. Relative to the background, the increase is 6.7 and 7.9 C / ha or 21.9 and 25.5%. With this agrotechnological method, the increase was obtained both by increasing the productive stems from 495 W / m2 to 521 PCs/m2 when treated with rizoagrin and 538 PCs/m2 when treated with flavobacterin, and by increasing the weight of grain in the ear (35.1 g on the control, 37.5 g when treated with rizoagrin and 37.7 g flavobacterin). It should be noted that this maximum level of yield in the experiment was achieved without the introduction of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. In General, there is a direct correlation between nitrogen content and winter rye yield. The removal of essential nutrients increases with increasing yields.

scholarly journals Le guano, fertilisant organique naturel alternatif au fumier, testé sur la production de la laitue verte (lactuca sativa L.) dans l’oasis de Balla (département de Gouré), Zinder, Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037
Author(s):  
Moustapha Maman Mounirou ◽  
Karimou Ambouta Harouna ◽  
Adamou Didier Tidjani ◽  
Malam Hassane Maigari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Head Cabbage

Au Niger Est, la faible disponibilité sur les marchés ruraux, la cherté et le faible pouvoir d’achat des paysans limitent l’application des engrais minéraux. L’objectif de cette étude est l’évaluation de l’effet du guano sur la production de la laitue. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc complet randomisé avec dix-sept traitements issus de la combinaison entre 4 doses de guano, 2 doses de fumier et 2 doses d’engrais en trois (3) répétitions. Les paramètres étudiés portent sur les diamètres de pomme, la hauteur des parties aériennes, le développement foliaire et le rendement. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que le guano a un effet significatif sur la production de laitue. A la dose optimale 3,5 t/ha, le guano a permis d’augmenter la production de la laitue de 833 et 628% par rapport au témoin et aux parcelles ayant reçues uniquement la fumure minérale. La combinaison guano et fumure organique a permis d’accroitre le rendement par rapport aux parcelles fertilisées avec le guano seulement, tandis que l’apport de l’engrais minéral a un effet dépressif sur le rendement. Pour assurer une bonne production de laitue dans la cuvette de Balla, il serait préférable d’utiliser la combinaison guano (3,5 t/ha) avec du fumier. La préservation de la population de chauves-souris permettrait d’assurer la durabilité de la filière guano.Mots clés : Fertilisation, guano, laitue, cuvette oasienne, Gouré.   English Title: Guano, a natural organic fertilizer alternative to manure, tested on the production of green lettuce (lactuca sativa L.) in oasis of Balla (department of Gouré), Zinder, Niger In eastern Niger, low availability in local markets, high prices and low purchasing power of farmers limit the application of mineral fertilizers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of guano on lettuce production. The experimental design is a randomized complete block with seventeen treatments resulting from the combination of four doses of guano, two doses of manure and two doses of fertilizer in three (3) replicates. The parameters studied for this experiment are: diameter of head, cabbage height of aerial parts, leaf development and yield. The results show that guano had a significant effect on lettuce production. At the optimum rate of 3,5 t/ha, guano increased lettuce production by 833 and 628% compared with the control and the plots receiving only the mineral fertilizer respectively. The combination of guano and organic fertilizer increased the yield compared to the plots fertilized with guano only, while the mineral fertilizer input had a depressive effect on yield. To ensure a good lettuce production in the Balla lowland, it would be better to use the guano combination (3,5 t/ha) with manure. Preserving the bat population would help ensure the sustainability of the guano industry.Keywords: Fertilizer, guano, lettuce, Oasis bassin, Gouré.    

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSUMSI IKAN DAN KERANG TERHADAP KADAR Pb DARAH MANUSIA, STUDI KASUS DI KELURAHAN SUKOLILO, KENJERAN, SURABAYA

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arief
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Metal Contaminate ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

The industrial and domestic waste containing heavy metal contaminate river and the sea. Through bioacumulation process, contaminant was absorbed by aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish and shrimp. The aim of this research was to identify the influence of fish and shellfish consumption on lead concentration in blood of people who consumed fish and shellfish. Human blood samples were taken as specimens in this research. Maximum level of lead permitted by World Health Organization (WHO) in human blood is 80 mg/100 ml. Samples of human blood, fish, shellfish, and sea water were taken from two locations of fisher groups, i.e. from Sukolilo subdistrict, district of Kenjeran, Surabaya, and from Lobuk village, district of Sumenep, Madura. Lead concentration in the samples were analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorbent Spectrophotometer) method. Data were subjected for t-test analysis. Results showed that lead concentration in women blood living in Sukolilo (Kenjeran,Surabaya) and Labuk village (Sumenep, Madura) were significantly different, while the mean level of lead in human blood in Sukolilo was higher than that in Labuk village. In Sukolilo, consumption of fish and shellfish had a major contribution to the level of lead in human blood.

Toxicity of Thiamethoxam on Field-Collected Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Different Regions of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Suha K Arserim ◽  
Hüseyin Çetin ◽  
Kardelen Yetişmiş ◽  
Zeph Nelson Omondi ◽  
Yusuf Özbel
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the vectors of human and canine leishmaniasis, sand fly fever, and other arboviruses and bacteria. The control of sand flies is recommended by World Health Organization throughout the world. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of field-collected sand flies against thiamethoxam in Turkey. The adult sand flies collected were from five different locations in three provinces; Yeşilöz and Büyükpınar districts in Antalya province, Develi district in Kayseri province, and Üçpınar and Bayındırlık districts in Manisa province. They were investigated using two different doses (0.125 and 0.25 g ai/m2) of thiamethoxam under laboratory conditions. After 1-h exposure, all sand flies were found highly susceptible to thiamethoxam and both test doses caused 100% mortality after 24 h. Considering the KDT50 time, flies collected from Yeşilöz district in Antalya province were found to be most sensitive and flies collected from Üçpınar district in Manisa province were found as the most resistance to thiamethoxam. The results show that Turkish sand flies were highly susceptible to thiamethoxam and it can be used for the control of sand flies in the field.

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

Sixth Edition: the New Standard

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Robert D. Rondinelli ◽  
Elizabeth Genovese ◽  
Craig Uejo ◽  
Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Impairment Severity

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, was published in December 2007 and is the result of efforts to enhance the relevance of impairment ratings, improve internal consistency, promote precision, and simplify the rating process. The revision process was designed to address shortcomings and issues in previous editions and featured an open, well-defined, and tiered peer review process. The principles underlying the AMA Guides have not changed, but the sixth edition uses a modified conceptual framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), a comprehensive model of disablement developed by the World Health Organization. The ICF classifies domains that describe body functions and structures, activities, and participation; because an individual's functioning and disability occur in a context, the ICF includes a list of environmental factors to consider. The ICF classification uses five impairment classes that, in the sixth edition, were developed into diagnosis-based grids for each organ system. The grids use commonly accepted consensus-based criteria to classify most diagnoses into five classes of impairment severity (normal to very severe). A figure presents the structure of a typical diagnosis-based grid, which includes ranges of impairment ratings and greater clarity about choosing a discreet numerical value that reflects the impairment.

The Historical Development of Burden of Treatment Compliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Burden Of Treatment ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract A long-standing criticism of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) has been the inequity between the internal medicine ratings and the orthopedic ratings; in the comparison, internal medicine ratings appear inflated. A specific goal of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, was to diminish, where possible, those disparities. This led to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the World Health Organization in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, including the addition of the burden of treatment compliance (BOTC). The BOTC originally was intended to allow rating internal medicine conditions using the types and numbers of medications as a surrogate measure of the severity of a condition when other, more traditional methods, did not exist or were insufficient. Internal medicine relies on step-wise escalation of treatment, and BOTC usefully provides an estimate of impairment based on the need to be compliant with treatment. Simplistically, the need to take more medications may indicate a greater impairment burden. BOTC is introduced in the first chapter of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, which clarifies that “BOTC refers to the impairment that results from adhering to a complex regimen of medications, testing, and/or procedures to achieve an objective, measurable, clinical improvement that would not occur, or potentially could be reversed, in the absence of compliance.

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