scholarly journals Impacts of Agricultural Cooperatives on Farmers’ Revenues in Cambodia: A Case Study of Tram Kak District, Takeo Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sereynithia Hun ◽  
Shoichi Ito ◽  
Hiroshi Isoda ◽  
Yuichiro Amekawa
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Takeo Province ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural cooperatives in Cambodia have been promoted with the aim of increasing agricultural production and farmers’ revenues. The objectives of this study are to identify factors influencing farmers’ decision on membership in agricultural cooperatives, and to assess the impact of being a member in those cooperatives on farmers’ revenues from paddy, livestock and farm. Cross-sectional data from interviews of 242 households in Tram Kak District, Takeo Province were used. The probit model and propensity score matching were employed to achieve the objectives. The results show that farmers who sold their paddy and had been contacted by extension workers from the government agency and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are more likely to join the cooperatives while male-headed household farmers and farmers who have high off-farm income are less likely to become members of the cooperatives. Moreover, the results of propensity score matching reveal that agricultural cooperatives have no impact on paddy yields and paddy revenue due to the fact that agricultural cooperatives do not provide sufficient training to their members, and members did not actively attend those trainings provided. Also, the cooperatives have failed to provide members better prices for their paddy. There are positive impacts on their livestock and farm revenues through increasing livestock and other crop production when agricultural cooperatives provide livestock and other crop training to their members. However, there is no impact on non-members if they join the cooperatives as they have higher off-farm income, less paddy land size and fewer laborers that are not favorable to taking on other farming activities.

scholarly journals The Role of Potato Seed Cooperative on the Livelihood of Rural Households in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Wegayehu Bogale Fitawek ◽  
Belaineh Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural Cooperatives help their members to increase their yield and incomes by pooling their resource to support collective service provisions and economic empowerment. The objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidences of the impact of potato seed producing cooperatives on the livelihoods of rural households in the study area. The study has used cross-sectional data of year 2013. Primary data were collected from the sample of 172 households (82 from Haramaya and 90 from Kersa districts) from both members of cooperative and non-member. A propensity score matching method was used to evaluate the impact of potato seed producing cooperative on household income, expenditure and asset. The evaluation results revealed that member of potato seed production cooperative have got higher income from crop production, total annual income and asset holdings amounting to Birr 29 006, 33 901 and 47 768 respectively. Members also spent Birr 11 728 more than non-member households. This indicates membership to potato seed cooperative is found to have a positive and significant on livelihood indicators. Therefore, the government and other non-government organization like ISSD should provide more support to expand seed producing cooperative to improve the livelihood and food security statues of the rural households.

scholarly journals Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adoption of improved agricultural technologies remains to be a promising strategy to achieve food security and poverty reduction in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluations on the contributions of such technologies on household welfare. This paper investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Primary data for the study was obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr (Birr is the official currency of Ethiopia. The exchange rate according to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was 1 USD = 27.6017 Birr on 04 October 2018.) higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions We suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating a multistakeholders innovation platforms.

scholarly journals Poverty Reduction Effect of New-Type Agricultural Cooperatives: An Empirical Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching and Endogenous Switching Regression Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhineng Hu ◽  
Qiong Feng ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Shuangyi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Esr Model ◽  
New Type

Agricultural cooperatives have been found to effectively alleviate poverty in developing countries because of their specific socioeconomic functions that allow poor households to overcome marketing and production constraints. However, cooperative evaluations are inevitably influenced by other poverty alleviation measures and rarely consider the characteristics of specific ethnic groups. Using cross-sectional surveys in Southwest China and employing propensity score matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) models, this paper analyzed the participation of poor households in New-type Agricultural Cooperatives (NACs) in ethnic areas and assessed the income impacts of NAC membership by eliminating unobserved biases and group heterogeneity. This study detected heterogeneous policy perceptions and behavioral differences between the member and nonmember groups, and the PSM and ESR model results indicated that, overall, participation in the NACs had a positive effect on household income. The ESR model was found to be more plausible as it was able to reveal the significant income gaps under a counterfactual inference framework. Local policymakers need to focus on the policy perception and behavioral and earning capability differences between groups and increase the balanced policy implementation.

Impact of Improved Agricultural Technology Use on Household Income in Eastern Ethiopia: Empirical Evidence from a Propensity Score Matching Estimation

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102492110076
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Primary data for the study were obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the propensity score matching procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr1 higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Therefore, we suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating multistakeholder innovation platforms.

scholarly journals Does microcredit use helps farmers win battle against food insecurity: evidence from Jimma zone of Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Berhanu ◽  
Abayineh Amare ◽  
Birki Gurmessa ◽  
Yadeta Bekele ◽  
Tamiru Chalchisa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Lack of access to credit precludes smallholder farmers from making investment that generates greater level of income, consumption and wealth. To reverse this limit, Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company has been providing microcredit for rural households for the last two decades in the study area. Yet, there is limited knowledge on the impact of this microcredit service on rural household food security in Jimma zone. Therefore, this research aims at generating location-specific data on the impact of microcredit utilization on household food security in the study area. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 360 sample households. Data were generated through household survey, focus group discussion and key informant interview. Both descriptive and econometric data analysis techniques (binary logit model and Propensity score matching) were used. Results The results reveal that educational level, family size; land size and non/off-farm income of the households influenced microcredit utilization positively, whereas livestock ownership and farm income negatively influenced it. The analysis of food security status indicate that large proportion of households are food secure. The Propensity score matching result expose that microcredit utilization has generated a positive and significant impact on household food security. Conclusions Efforts towards scaling out services of microcredit institutions should target improving financial literacy of the rural poor and their current financial need on the basis of other resources such as land and livestock they owned with the ultimate goal of ensuring household food security. It is also imperative to realize the labour force capacity of the households in the process of expanding credit service.

scholarly journals Impacts of Soil and Water Management Measures on Crop Production and Farm Income of Rural Households in the Damota Area Districts, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mamush Masha ◽  
Teshome Yirgu ◽  
Mulugeta Debele
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil And Water

Improving crop productivity and farm income of rural households and ensuring food security through soil and water conservation (SWC) measures are one of the integral parts of sustainable livelihood approaches. The study aims to assess the impact of soil and water conservation measures on improving the rural livelihoods, which is measured in terms of annual crop production and farm income of rural households in the Damota area districts. The data was collected from 378 households (209 adopters and 169 nonadopters of SWC measures) using survey questionnaires, which were randomly chosen by using multistage sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics with propensity score matching (PSM) method were used to analyze the collected data. The propensity score matching method was used to assess the impacts of soil and water conservation measures by controlling unobserved heterogeneity and were matched with balanced observable characteristics. The result showed that the mean value of wheat production of adopter households was higher (654 kilograms per hectare) than that of nonadopters (496 kilograms per hectare). Similarly, the mean values of farm income of adopter households were higher (17372.67 Ethiopian Birr per year) than those of nonadopter households (13883.22 Ethiopian Birr per year). The result indicated that both crop production and annual farm income were more pronounced when farmers implemented sustainable soil and water conservation measures on their farming lands. This suggests that all rural households need to focus on the large-scale adoption, integration, and maintenances of damaged structures for better agricultural outcomes.

scholarly journals Does Off-Farm Work Improve Farm Income? Empirical Evidence from Tolon District in Northern Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tetteh Anang ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah-Ennin ◽  
Joshua Anamsigiya Nyaaba
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Participation of farm households in off-farm work has gained prominence in recent times as an income diversification strategy. The effect of off-farm work on farm income is however unclear. This paper therefore sought to provide empirical evidence of the income effect of off-farm activity participation using a cross section of maize farmers in Tolon District of Ghana as a case study. In order to account for sample selection bias, the Heckman selection model was used to estimate the factors influencing participation in off-farm work and the determinants of farm income. Furthermore, the study employed propensity score matching to evaluate the impact of off-farm work on farm income. The results indicate that participation in off-farm work is influenced by sex, age, and years of formal education of the respondent, farm size, and number of dependents while farm income is influenced by age of the respondent, farm size, and access to credit. In addition, the result of the propensity score matching revealed that participants in off-farm work increased their farm income by at least GH¢ 1702 as a result of income diversification. The rural economy therefore provides off-farm and on-farm linkages that enhance farmers’ income from agriculture. The creation of employment opportunities outside the farm will therefore complement on-farm work and enhance income from farming.

scholarly journals Impact of high yielding wheat varieties adoption on farm income of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Regasa D. Wake ◽  
Degye G. Habteyesus
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to assess impact of adoption of high yielding wheat varieties on farm income in Mao-Komo district of Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional data collected from sample of 174 farm households selected through two-stage stratified random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze the data. Propensity score matching (PSM) applied to analyze the impact of adoption on farm income. The result of the PSM estimation showed that adoption of high yielding wheat varieties has significant impact on farm income of treated households as compared to the control groups. The treated households had earned farm income of about 21452 Ethiopian Birr per year while the untreated smallholders earned farm income of only 11141 Ethiopian Birr. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) of farm income of adopters is greater than non-adopters that has brought about 9 % increases in farm income of smallholders. The findings suggest that the government and stakeholders should need to focus on improving farm land and livestock productivity, strengthening the provision of education, and frequency of extension visits, encouraging participation in non-farm activities, creating reliable information and awareness towards farmers’ perceptions, and improving infrastructures in the area. Finally, further support of high yielding wheat varieties adoption should be given due attention for its impact on farm income generation of smallholders. 

scholarly journals Role of agricultural cooperatives in poverty reduction in Nepal : an empirical analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dinesh Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Local Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crop Income ◽  
The Impact

Cooperatives refer to producer-owned and controlled organizations that improve farmers' livelihoods by correcting market failure. Policy makers consider cooperatives as an appropriate development approach for poverty alleviation of poor farmers for developing economies; therefore, the government of Nepal has been investing economic resources in this sector, prioritizing it as part of a strategy for poverty reduction. The number of coopertives have been increased substantially since 2007 and almost half of the coopertives are involved in agricultural sector. This dissertation research examines poor farmers' access to agricultural cooperatives and the impact of membership on their crop income in Nepal. This study is based on a household survey of 573 rural farm families and Key Informant Interviews of 37 managers of agricultural cooperatives. In order to make the inferences on access and income gain, probit regression, matching, ordinary least square and two-stage least squares techniqpropriate identification strategies for a cross-sectional data. This study predicts cooperative membership with household characteristics (including demographic and geographic information) and village characteristics. In addition, some of our models use village location dummies rather than village characteristics. The analysis identifies some key determinants that influence cooperative membership. Those determinants are the ethnicity of a family, the ethnicity of a neighborhood, smallholder land size, distance to agricultural cooperatives, distance to the nearest local market, and distance to a motorable road. For the second research question, our estimates imply that cooperative membership may significantly impact family net crop income but not the rotal family income. Indeed, currently, agricultural cooperatives appear to be focused on financial services like savings and credit activities but are less concerned with agricultural production, and engage in almost no marketing activities. In addition to analyses based on our sample, this study weights the sample to adjust our survey to reflect population estimates; however, there were no important changes in the direction or significance of the variables in weighted specifications compared to unweighted sample specifications. Finally, we conclude it will take some years for members to understand the cooperative guidelines thoroughly and the potential of the cooperative approach to improve economic conditions. Also, there should be a serious attempt from the government to develop the agricultural infrastructure and industry, and to execute a cooperative policy to reduce smallholders' poverty. Keywords: collective action, cooperatives, poverty reduction, net farm income

scholarly journals COFFEE CERTIFICATION PARTICIPATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ INCOME IN JIMMA ZONE, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Yadeta Bekele Bekere ◽  
Guta Regasa Megersa
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Certification is an instrument to add value to a product, and it addresses a growing worldwide demand for healthier and more socially and environmentally friendly products. Globally, coffee certification has received strong recognition as it is proved to increase smallholder farmers’ access to input and output markets, production, productivity and income. This study investigates the major determinants of coffee certification participation. It also analyzes the welfare gains of participation in the certification schemes by smallholder coffee growers. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 247 coffee producers. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to collect the primary data. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Probit model was used to identify factors affecting participation in coffee certification schemes. Propensity score matching technique was used to estimate the impact of coffee certification participation on smallholders’ annual revenue from coffee production. The probit model result revealed that access to training, family size, land size owned, experience in coffee production, education status were significantly determined the smallholders farmers’ participation decision in coffee certification. The propensity score matching model result also shows that participation in coffee certification significantly (p=0.001) improved farmers’ annual revenue by 2,902 Ethiopian birr compared to selling coffee without the certification schemes. This income impact is mainly attributed to the premium price the certification offer to farmers for high quality coffee. Therefore, policies or projects related to coffee value chains should target improving farmers’ access to training, boosting the access to education, working on farmers’ productivity and increasing their technical knowhow on coffee certification to increase farmers’ participation in coffee certification and to improve their annual revenue earning level in the study area.

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