scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Water for Injection Marketed in South-Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Onyia Chukwuebuka Felix ◽  
Ikegbunam Nkechukwu Moses ◽  
Okafor Maris-stella Chibuanuli ◽  
Esimone Charles Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Ph Range

The present work seeks to evaluate the safety and quality of water for injection (WFI) marketed in south-Eastern Nigeria. The physical, microbiological and chemical qualities of different brands of WFI marketed in south- eastern Nigeria were evaluated in order to ascertain their quality. A total of one hundred and forty-seven (147) samples of four different brands of WFI (approximately thirty vials per state) were analysed. All the brands (A, B, and C) except D conformed to the PH range (5.0-7.0) at room temperature. The PH value of all the brands reduced when subjected to increased temperature. All the brands were also sterile. All the brands passed the conductivity test with respect to compendia standard. The study revealed that the various brands of WFI marketed in south-eastern Nigeria conform to some official limits except for heavy metals. However, WFI in south-eastern Nigeria are considerably safe.

scholarly journals STUDY ON WATER QUALITY OF UNCONFINED AND CONFINED AQUIFER IN SELANGOR: AERATION METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud ◽  
Nur Hazwani Izehar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The quality of groundwater depends on quality of water recharging the aquifer and the hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in it. In order to treat specific water properties and heavy metals present in groundwater, aeration and filtration process is applied. The objectives of this study are i) to investigate the groundwater properties collected from unconfined and confined aquifer, and ii) to analyze the groundwater properties varied by aeration period in a small tanks. The removal efficiency for turbidity, iron and manganese fall in the range of 25% to 30%, 9% to 66% and 50% to 90% for all samples, respectively. The dissolved oxygen content did influenced the average value of studied parameters, especially for pH value of confined samples, within 3 hours aeration, the value increase from 4.88 to 7.28, which is fulfil the requirement of Malaysian standard. It can be concluded that for all parameters observed, there were changes in values either increased or decreased throughout the aeration and filtration process for both studied aquifers.

scholarly journals Quality Changes of Fresh Dumpling Wrappers at Room Temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Hu ◽  
Zengyu Wei ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dumpling Wrappers

AbstractIn this paper, the quality changes of fresh dumpling wrappers during storage were studied by measuring the changes of microbial growth, color, pH, texture, cooking property, moisture content and distribution of raw dumpling wrappers. The correlation of these indicators was analyzed. The results showed that the dumpling wrappers had generated lots of microorganisms during storage and the pH value decreased gradually. The dumpling wrappers had browning and the color became darker. The texture of the dumpling wrappers changed obviously. The original structure of raw dumpling wrappers were destroyed, the water distribution is uneven and migration to the surface. The apparent index of raw dumpling wrappers has a significant correlation with the internal change, which provides a certain guiding significance for maintaining the good quality of dumpling wrappers.

scholarly journals Influence of Aggressivity of Water on the Long Term Sustainability of Hydro Power Structures – A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Beena Anand
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Binding Medium ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Useful Life

To fulfil country’s irrigation and power requirements various large capacity dams have been constructed on major rivers in last 50 years. The long term sustainability of these structures is largely dependent on hydro-environment and the capacity of these structures to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any other process of deterioration. The concrete deterioration is directly influenced by various geographical, climatic and ecological conditions. The chemical reactions between cement and water enable the setting and hardening of cement, resulting in a binding medium for the aggregates and development of strength. Quality of water plays an important role in the production of concrete. There are some chemical environments under which the useful life of even the best concrete will be affected adversely. The aggressiveness of water is dependent on the pH value, the total dissolved salts, the degree of hardness, soluble chlorides, sulphates, carbonation, temperature and alkalinity etc. Understanding these conditions permit measures to be taken to prevent or reduce deterioration.

Epilepsy and Stroke Emerging From Climate Change-Related Neurotoxicity

2019 ◽  
pp. 322-347
Author(s):  
Hind Benammi ◽  
Omar El Hiba ◽  
Abdelmohcine Aimrane ◽  
Nadia Zouhairi ◽  
Hicham Chatoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Climate change has an important impact on the environment. As it degrades the quality of water, soil, and area, it also spreads the distribution of many toxic elements, specifically heavy metals and pesticides. The impact of climate change on contamination with heavy metals and pesticides has been well investigated and discussed. The influence of these elements on human health is obviously exacerbated following their extended distribution. Moreover, a wide range of health problems have been associated to such intoxication, among which impairment and dysfunction of the nervous system are prominent. In this chapter, the authors will shed light on two most common neurological diseases such as epilepsy and stroke affecting people worldwide arising from food and water contaminations, mainly with heavy metals and pesticides.

scholarly journals EUPHORBIA CADUCIFOLIA HAINES, EUPHORBIA NIVULIA BUCH. HAM AND EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI LINN. LATEX SHELF-LIFE ASSESSMENT OF EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM LINN.

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
SUDIPTA ROY ◽  
RABINARAYAN ACHARYA ◽  
ANAGHA RANADE ◽  
M. S. CHOLERA
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Ph Range

Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the shelf life of the Snuhi latex which is frequently used in fresh condition for the preparation of Ksharasutra, a medicated thread, used in Ayurveda. Methods: The latex of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli were collected individually and stored in air tight glass vials during the month of May, 2018. Physical attributes like Colour, odour, appearances, pH and microbial load of all four samples were assessed as per standard protocol. Assessment was made every day, 9 AM, for 7 d in room temperature and for 10 d in refrigerated samples. Results: Result shows that, pH range (start-end day) was 4.25-5.18, 4.79-5.12, 4.48-4.76 and 4.40-5.42 in case of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli at room temperature. It was found that, Aspergillus niger was found in Euphorbia antiquorum, Euphorbia caducifolia whereas Candida albicans was found in Euphorbia tirucalli latex in fungal culture on the 7th day after collection, when the samples were stored at room temperature. All the samples were free from microbial growth up to 10thday when stored at 4-5 °C in a refrigerator. Conclusion: Temperature, and moisture affects the quality of fresh snuhi latex. The latex remains free from microbial growth up to six days in room temperature and up to 10 d under at refrigerated temperature (4-5 °C).

scholarly journals Physicochemical Indices of Ground Water and Their Geoponic Management, in Coastal Odisha, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Siba Prasad Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Ground Water Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Aquifer Geometry ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

<p>Agriculture can not exist without water. At present the old practice of arbitrary use of water in irrigation sector has become unethical. Odisha is an agrarian state in east coast of India. For better yield of crops, quality of water is intricately related to the aquifer geometry, ground water flow regime and its quality. Coastal Odisha is having an area of 14700 sqkm and demography of 1.26 million. The land has mostly water logged alluvial crop land, deciduous forests or sandy dunes with an astomosed channels of hexa-deltaic rivers. The edaphic factors demand improvement of quality of ground water which is brackish. The physicochemical properties like pH value, electrical conductivity, inorganic constituents (Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>++</sup>, Ca<sup>++</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>) of ground water used for lift irrigation have been studied. Data from thousand number of wells from the study area are covered in various seasons during the years 2009-2014 along with the yield of the major crop, i.e., paddy. The indices and parameters like EC, SAR, KI, ESP, SSP, MAR, PI and alkalinity of the ground water are determined to show its fitness for irrigation in the area. The different water management policies and present activities are discussed so that the ground water can be used efficiently for irrigation in coastal Odisha.</p>

scholarly journals Research NoteEffect of drought and fires on the quality of water in Lithuanian rivers

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sakalauskiene ◽  
G. Ignatavicius
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Lithuanian Rivers ◽  
River Bottom ◽  
Copper Lead

Abstract. In August and September 2002, concentrations of heavy metals (copper, lead, and zinc) were 21-74% more than in previous years in Lithuanian rivers. Such a sudden increase in heavy metal pollution reduces the value of any water body for fishing or recreation and poses a potential risk to the environment and to human health. Droughts in the summer of 2002 led to forest and peat bog fires all over Lithuania and may have caused the increase in concentrations of heavy metals detected in Lithuanian rivers in August 2002. The fires could have changed the pH in the top layers of the soil, overcome geochemical barriers in the soil and enabled heavy metals to migrate from the soil to the groundwater and from river bottom sediments to the surface water. Keywords: heavy metals, river water quality, Lithuania

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN KARBON AKTIF ARANG KAYU BAKAU DALAM PROSES FILTRASI AIR GAMBUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Nila Puspita Sari ◽  
Mashuri Mashuri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Mangrove Wood

Peat water can cause diseases such as cholera, hepatitis, dysentery, skin and eye diseases, and digestive diseases. Peat water is source water that is used daily needed by society in Segomeng. Mangrove wood is a material that can be used in the process of water purification because it can be used as activated charcoal which is a carbon compound, which is produced from a material that contains carbon. The research purpose is to know whether activated carbon of mangrove wood charcoal can be a medium of peat water filtering into clean water. This research type is the experiment and the design of this research uses Complete Random Design with some treatment which is arranged randomly for all experimental units. The different treatments are given, among others, using slow sand filtration and clay soil as a coagulant, using a slow sand filter with activated charcoal added mangrove wood with a thickness of 10 cm, and with a thickness of 15 cm. The results showed filtration with the addition of activated charcoal from mangrove wood with a thickness of 15 cm in getting the best results, can increase the pH value and is expected to improve the water quality of the acidic, odor-free, reducing taste, and the rapid filtration process that is 10 minutes. The conclusion is that the addition of activated carbon from mangrove wood charcoal is quite effective in the process of peat water filtration and can improve physical quality of water. The Suggestion is,should be measured of physical, chemical and biological character of peat water before and after filtration process.and also measurement of absorption of activated carbon of charcoal of mangrove wood before used as absorbent in filtration process

scholarly journals PDAM Sakit, Sakitlah Pelanggan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Water

Quality of water treatment can influence people health especially waterborne deseases and mineral contained in water like heavy metals etc.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Drinking Water Pollution with Heavy Metal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper presents the results of the determination of heavy metals in drinking water samples from centralized water supply systems and wells of individual water supply of the Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the content of copper ions in the samples does not exceed its maximum permissible concentration, and the content of lead and cadmium ions in most samples is higher than the permissible norms. It is established that water samples from Nizhny Tagil and Serov are more contaminated with cadmium. The causes of drinking water pollution are discussed. It was found that the pollution of water from the centralized water supply systems with heavy metals is mainly due to the non-compliance of the operated water pipes with sanitary and hygienic requirements. Groundwater pollution is caused by the infiltration of industrial effluents containing heavy metals from storage and sedimentation tanks through soil. It is shown that numerous industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region aggravate the process of pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals. The unsatisfactory quality of water in terms of the content of heavy metals in Sverdlovsk region is revealed. The authors dwell on the need to continue research to determine the content of other heavy metals in water and expand the geography of sampling in the region in order to assess more accurately the quality of water.

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