scholarly journals A Journey into of the Universe of in vitro Cultures of Plants. Callogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Gogu Ghiorghita
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Biological Nature

After presenting a brief history of the discovery of this system of cultivation of plant tissues and cells, of the evolution in time of knowledge in this field, of the pathways of in vitro morphogenesis in plants, the paper focuses on in vitro callogenesis in plants. There are presented the types of callus that can be generated via in vitro culture (illustrated with aspects from the author's experience), the influence of factors related to the biological nature of the explants, the composition of the nutrient medium, the cultivation conditions, etc., upon some characteristics of the callus obtained. A special chapter is dedicated to the importance of in vitro cultures of callus in plants.

Comparative Investigation on Formation and Accumulation of Rare Phenylpropanoids in Plants and in vitro Cultures of Pimpinella major

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Merkel ◽  
J. Reichling
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract Unorganized callus and leaf/root-differentiating callus cultures of Pimpinella major have been established in liquid nutrient medium. Their capacity to accumulate rare phenylpropanoids such as epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate, epoxy-anol tiglate and anol tiglate was compared with that of seedlings and whole plants. The unorganized callus cultures were not able to accumulate any phenylpropanoids. In comparison, the leaf/root-differentiating callus culture promoted the accumulation of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate (up to 90 mg/100 g fr.wt.) but not that of anol-derivatives. The accumulated amount of EPT in PMD-SH was comparable with that in plant seedlings.

scholarly journals Dr. Ottó Orsós, the forgotten Hungarian pioneer in plant tissue culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Fári
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Universal Biology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Callus Tissues

The knowledge of tissue culture deserves attention in respect of understanding the development of universal biology. This study intends to contribute to the past of the plant tissue culture by such data of the history of science which have been unprocessed so far. It seems that the life-work of the Hungarian biologist, Dr. Ottó Orsós is a missing and essential link between those early plant hormone researchers and the representatives of the pioneers of tissue culture schools who have contributed substantially to the development of the modern in vitro plant morphogenesis and plant cell biology. Orsós cultured kohlrabi tuber cubes on White culture medium in a sterile manner. This way, he could efficiently direct the in vitro morphogenesis of the kohlrabi, the regeneration of its shoot and root, and the formation and steps to subculture of pure callus tissues in 1938. He supported the correctness of its statements by means of detailed anatomical examinations. Orsós successfully rooted and aclimatized complete regenerated plants. We may as well call the above system — in remembrance of the creators of the original concept — "Haberlandt-Orsós model". Between the publishing of his main paper in 1938 and 2003, a period of 65 years has lapsed. On the occasion of this anniversary, we bow before this forgotten pioneer.

scholarly journals Determination of xanthones in plants and the nutrient medium under in vitro cultivation conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
A. Revutska ◽  
V. Belava ◽  
A. Golubenko ◽  
N. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Biotechnological Processes

In recent years, xanthones have received considerable attention from scientists due to their biological activity: anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other properties.Therefore they are useful for prevention and treatment of different diseases:cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, etc. Extracts of different species of plants containing xanthones are components of chemotherapeutic and other medical drugs. In order to find the most sensitive and environmentally safe method of quantitative determination of xanthones in the plant material and the nutrient medium, known methods were tested and selected for the prototype Vyisochina G. I. et al., 2011 method, which uses ethanol as an extractor. As the plant material we used plants of different species that were grown under in vitro cultivation conditions on the agarized nutrient medium. This agarized nutrient medium was also used for the xanthone content analysis. Based on the performed research, modifications of the method for determining the content of xanthones were adapted to the in vitro conditions, which detail the specificity of extraction and quantitative calculation of the xanthone content in plant explants. Our own method of determination of these compounds in the agarized nutrient medium was developed as well. The method, that we proposed, will significantly speed up the process of xanthone detecting and will also increase their yield in biotechnological processes for obtaining the pharmacologically valuable secondary metabolites of phenolic nature.

scholarly journals Optimization of in vitro cultivation conditions for rare and endangered species of Berberis iliensis and Berberis karkaralensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
V.K. Karimova ◽  
◽  
B.N. Baktybai ◽  
G.K. Magzumova ◽  
ZH. T. Sartbaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Living Organisms

Today, many living organisms are negatively affected by climate change and anthropogenic activities, which leads to a decrease in their numbers. One of these rare and endangered plant species is the Ili barberry (Berberis iliensis) and the Karkaraly barberry (Berberis karkaralensis). This work is devoted to the optimization study of the cultivation conditions for a rare and endangered species of Ili barberry and Karkaralinsky barberry in vitro. To obtain sterile and viable explants, the sterilizing agent was a solution of 0.5% «Domestos» (7 min). For the regeneration of the main shoot of the barberry, the optimal nutrient medium is Murashige and Skoogwith the addition of 6-benzylaminopurine- 0.5 mg/l, gibberellic acid- 1.0 mg/l, indole-3-butyric acid -0.01 mg/l, where regeneration was 80% for the Ili barberry, barberry karkaralinsky - 70%. For the multiplication of Berberis iliensis microshoots, the Quoirin & Lepoivre culture medium with the addition of 0.75 mg/l - benzylaminopurine is optimal; the number of microshoots formed was 3.6 per explant. Root formation is one of the most difficult stages in micropropagation. For the rooting of microshoots of Karkaralinsky barberry, a nutrient medium of ½ Murashige and Skoog was used with the addition of indolylbutyric acid -1.5 mg/l.

scholarly journals The obtaining potato microtubers on the basis of optimization of in vitro cultivation conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-688
Author(s):  
E. N. Somova ◽  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. A. Vlasevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
A New Technique

Search work for optimization of such conditions for in vitro cultivation of potatoes as photoperiod, volume of nutrient medium, choice of a source of carbohydrate nutrition and its concentration, as well as growth regulators of auxin and cytokinin nature, was carried out in 2018-2020. Potato microplants of early-ripening (Alena, Latona, Red-Scarlett), middle-early (Adretta, Charodei, Svitanok Kievsky) and mid-season (Naiada, Ladozhskiy, Skarb) varieties were cultivated at illumination of 75-85 mMol/m2 s-1, 6500 K, air temperature 22...25 °C, relative air humidity 70-75 % and photoperiod from 4 to 16 hours. The results of three years of research have shown that the Murashige-Skooga nutrient medium modified by the Russian Potato Research Center with a 6 % sucrose concentration in a volume of 10 ml per microplant and a 12-hour photoperiod were optimal for micro-tuberization during in vitro cultivation of potatoes of all ripeness groups. The interaction of these cultivation conditions made it possible to obtain an average of 2.5 pcs. of microtubers per microplant of early-ripening potato varieties, 2.4 pcs. - middle-early and 3.2 pcs. - mid-season varieties. Optimal methods of in vitro cultivation of potatoes served as the basis for a new technique for obtaining potato microtubers. If this method was followed, the share of microplants with microtubers of early-ripening varieties increased by 6 %, middle-early varieties - by 12 % and mid-season ones - by 9 %. In addition, the duration of the micro-tuberization period in middle-early varieties was reduced by 14 days, in early-ripening and mid-season potato varieties by 28 days. Microplants of early-ripening and middle-early potato varieties formed larger microtubers, while mid-season varieties were in the lead in terms of quantitative yield.

In vitro Approaches to Extending the Host-Range of Agrobacterium for Plant Transformation

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Godwin ◽  
BV Fordlloyd ◽  
HJ Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Physical Components

Since the first report of successful gene transfer in 1983, engineered Agrobacterium vectors have been the most widely used means of stable plant transformation. There are host-range limitations to the utility of this approach, however, with most success in dicotyledonous species. Recent evidence has indicated that the host-range is dependent on the protocol used to infect plant tissues with Agrobacterium. Modifications of co-cultivation conditions can lead to successful gene transfer to species once thought beyond the host-range of Agrobacterium, including a number of monocots. Hence, when defining the host-range of Agrobacterium, distinction must be made between host-range for pathogenicity (oncogenicity) and host-range for transformation. Important factors in determining the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer DNA to the plant genome include genetic, physiological and physical components of the bacterium × plant interaction. Simple, empirical experiments with oncogenic strains can yield useful information regarding the importance of co-cultivation conditions. The applications of these to extending the host-range of Agrobacterium for transformation are discussed.

scholarly journals Theoretical and practical aspects of clonal propagation of small fruit cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 019-023
Author(s):  
E. V. Malaeva
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Berry Crops

In vitro collection of berry crops in Volgograd Regional Botanical Garden has more than 150 species, cultivars and forms of the following families and genera: Grossulariaceae DC. (Grossularia Mill., Ribes L.) Caprifoliaceae Juss. (Viburnum L., Lonicera L.), Rosaceae Аdans. (Rubus L., Fragaria L.), Actinidiaceae Van-Tieghem (ActinidiaLindl.), Ericaceae (Vaccinium L.). As a result of the research, optimization of cultivation conditions at different stages ofmicropropagation of small fruit cultures was carried out. Optimal conditions of cultivation (type and concentration of thehormonal composition of the nutrient medium) at the stage of micropropagation, rooting and adaptation were selected.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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