scholarly journals Water Absorption by Hydrogel Using Fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Jose F. Sobrinho ◽  
Francisca Edineide L. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The One ◽  
Fertilizer Solutions

It was sought, in this research, to evaluate the effects of fertilizer solutions on water retention by hydrogel as well as if the application methods and fertilizers affect water retention when the hydrogel is added to the soil. In laboratory works (experiment 1), the completely randomized design was used taking into account four treatments: distilled water; Urea (UR – 2.0 g L-1 ) and Magnesium Sulfate + Monoammonium Phosphate (MS + MAP – 2.0 g L-1  each). Regarding the experiment 2, considering soil columns, a 2x3x2 factorial was used, corresponding to two hydrogel application methods: dry and mixed to the soil or diluted in water and concentrated in the center of the column; three fertilizer solutions: distilled water, UR (2.0 g L-1 ) and MS + MAP (2.0 g L-1  each) with two cycles and three repetitions. An additional witness (hydrogel free) was also added. Total water volume absorbed by hydrogel, volume stored in the soil after each cycle, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of leached solutions were all analyzed. The MS solution was the one who impacted the most the water absorption by the hydrogel, principally when the hydrogel was not present in the soil. The pH and EC of leached solutions evidenced the fertilizer solutions salinity.

KAJIAN PRODUKSI NASI KUNING INSTAN DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirana Sanggrami Sasmitaloka ◽  
Imia Ribka Banurea ◽  
Sri Widowati Widowati
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Instant Form ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Comparative Treatment

ABSTRACTThe manufacture of food products in an instant form can reduce obstacles in storage and distribution. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of instant yellow rice produced using a cabinet dryer. The research method used was a non factorial Complete Randomized Design, with comparative treatment of rice and cooking water volume (1: 1,1; 1: 1,2; and 1: 1,3) as well as the type of yellow rice seasoning used (instant seasoning and processed seasoning). The best treatment is obtained on instant yellow rice produced using processed seasonings with a comparison of raw materials with cooking water volume of 1: 1,3. This product has a yield characteristic of 98.29%, rehydration time 4.32 minutes, kamba density 0.351 g/ml, water absorption 64.78%, development volume 174.51%, rehydration ratio 3.44, chroma value 30.29 and hue value 96.38.Keywords: instant yellow rice, rehydration time, drying, characteristics ABSTRAKPembuatan produk makanan dalam bentuk instan dapat menekan kendala dalam penyimpanan serta distribusi . Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik nasi kuning instan yang diproduksi dengan menggunakan cabinet dryer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap non faktorial, dengan perlakuan perbandingan beras dan volume air pemasakan (1:1,1; 1:1,2; dan 1:1,3) serta jenis bumbu nasi kuning yang digunakan (bumbu instan dan bumbu olahan). Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada nasi kuning instan yang diproduksi menggunakan bumbu olahan dengan perbandingan bahan baku dengan volume air pemasakan sebanyak 1:1,3. Produk ini memiliki karakteristik rendemen 98,29%, waktu rehidrasi 4,32 menit, densitas kamba 0,351 g/ml, daya serap air 64,78%, volume pengembangan 174,51%, rasio rehidrasi 3,44, nilai chroma 30,29 dan nilai hue 96,38.Kata kunci: nasi kuning instan, waktu rehidrasi, pengeringan, karakteristik

scholarly journals Soybean waste in particleboard production

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽  
Alan Pereira Vilela ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Flakes Kacang Hijau dengan Penambahan Bahan Pengisi dan Air

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Maya Indra Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Absorption Ratio ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

(Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Mung Bean Flakes with The Addition of Fillers and Water) ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of mung bean flakes with the addition of fillers and water. The study was conducted using completely randomized design with two factors namely the addition of fillers and water. The results showed that the addition of fillers and water has significant (P≤0,01) effect on the water absorption ratio and protein levels of mung bean flakes. The best treatment was obtained by the mung bean flour without the addition of fillers with 150% of addition water with water absorption ratio of 204%, water content of 5,7%, protein of 22,01%, starch levels of 61,76%, organoleptic values of aroma of 2,61, color of 2,42, crispness of 2,72 and flavor of 2,83.

scholarly journals The Physical of Biscuit Complete Ration Based on Hymenacne Acutigluma Supplemented with Different Legumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Riswandi ◽  
Basuni Hamzah ◽  
Agus Wijaya ◽  
Arfan Abrar ◽  
S Agus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

The aim of this research was to study the effects of supplementation different legumes on the physical quality of biscuit complete ration based on hymenacne acutigluma. This study was conducted in Animal Feed and Nutrition Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University. This study was done in 2 months. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates was used in this study. Each treatments were P0= 70% kumpai grass + 30% concentrate + 0% legume, P1= 55% kumpai grass + 7.5% lamtoro leaves + 7.5% water mimmosa + 30% concentrate, P2= 55% kumpai grass + 7.5% acacia leaves + 30% concentrate, and P3= 55% kumpai grass + 5% lamtoro leaves + 5% acacia leaves + 5 % water mimmosa + 30% concentrate. Variables measured were water content, density, average collision endurance, specific gravity and water absorption. The result indicated that The adding of different legumes in the ration significantly (P<0.05) affected the specific gravity and water absorption, but no significant effect on density, average collision endurance. Duncan Multirange Range Test showed that treatment of control (P0) had the highest of water absorption (264.56%). The highest content of water gravity was obtained in the treatment of adding lamtoro, acacia and water mimmosa (P3), namely 0.9 g/ml water gravity. The conclusion of this study is the addition of different legumes in kumpai grass-based diets can improve the physical quality of the complete ration biscuit. The addition of lamtoro leaves, water mimosa and acacia at the level of 5%, gave the best result in specific gravity and water absorption.

scholarly journals Germination test of Eucalyptus phaeotricha seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Affonso ◽  
Givanildo Z. da Silva ◽  
Tatiane S. Jeromini ◽  
Cibele C. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Temperature Conduction

ABSTRACT The rules for seed analysis do not have recommendations for conducting the germination test of Eucalyptus phaeotricha seeds. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the best substrate, temperature, conduction time, and substrate moistening level for the germination test of E. phaeotricha seeds. First count of germination, germination, germination speed index and mean time of germination were evaluated. The first experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (6 x 2), corresponding to six temperature regimes (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C and 20-30 °C) and two substrates (paper and sand) with four replicates, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. In the second experiment, the germination test was installed with the most favorable substrate and temperature identified in the previous step, evaluating substrate moistening levels equivalent to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 times the dry weight of the substrate; due to the quantitative nature of the treatments, the data were subjected to regression analysis and curve fitting. The germination test of E. phaeotricha seeds should be conducted at 30 °C on paper, moistened with a water volume of 2.2 times the dry weight of the paper, with initial and final counts at 6 and 14 days after sowing, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous plant extracts and inorganic fertilizer on the germination, growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanayo Chukwuka ◽  
Maxwell Obiakara ◽  
Israel Ogunsumi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Screen house experiments were carried out to examine the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Ti) and Vernonia amygdalina (Ve), as well as NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) on the germination, growth and development of maize. Fresh leaves were collected, washed with tap water, chopped and pounded, soaked in distilled water and filtered. The two filtrates were used to prepare extracts at 50 and 100% w/v. Four maize seeds were placed in Petri dishes laid out in a completely randomized design with five replicates. In every Petri dish 10 ml of extract per treatment was added. A control experiment with distilled water was also set up. Also, in a completely randomized design with four replicates, 4-week-old potted maize plants were treated with 500 ml of each extract as well as with 1.52 g of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that the germination percentage of the seeds followed the order Ti50 - Control - Ve50. The seeds treated with aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia and V. amygdalina at 100% w/v produced lower but equal germination percentage. The seedling radicle growth was significantly inhibited by the aqueous extracts of Ti100, Ve50 and Ve100 (p?0.05). The inhibition was dose-dependent and more pronounced in seeds treated with extracts of V. amygdalina. The aqueous extract of T. diversifolia (50% w/v) and control influenced radicle growth substantially. All the extracts inhibited the plumule development compared to the control. On the other hand, growth, development and yield were not significantly affected by the plant extracts.

POTENSI TUMBUHAN BANGKAL (Nauclea Orientalis) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN BAKTERI Aeromonas Hydrophila (POTENTIAL PLANT BANGKAL (Nauclea orientalis) FOR CONTROL Aeromonas Hydrophila)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Siti Aisiah
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah didapatkan metode pengendalian penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada budi daya ikan yang ramah lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji sensitivitas terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila, uji minimal konsentrasi menghambat  bakteri A. hydrophila (uji MIC) dan uji toksisitas terhadap ikan nila. Rancangan  yang digunakan untuk  uji toksisitas  adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu A  = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak bangkal konsentrasi 20%, B  = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak bangkal konsentrasi 40%,  C  = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak bangkal konsentrasi 80%, dan D  = Kontrol (ikan tidak disuntik), diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan ini didapat dari hasil uji sensitivitas antibakteri bangkal yang mempunyai daya hambat dan daya bunuh paling besar terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila yaitu ekstrak daun bangkal dengan pelarut akuades. Pengujian MIC menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bangkal-akuades memiliki daya hambat minimal  20 % terhadap aktivitas bakteri A. hydrophila. Hasil uji toksisitas yang dilakukan terhadap ikan nila dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40% dan 80%  mortalitas ikan nila dibawah 50 %. Pengamatan hematologis yaitu eretrosit, leokosit, plasma darah, hematokrit dan leokokrit pada masing-masing perlakuan sebagian besar masih berada dalam kisaran yang normal. Parameter kualitas air yaitu, kadar oksigen terlarut,  pH, amoniak, CO2 dan suhu masih dapat mendukung kehidupan normal ikan nila.The purpose of this study was obtained method of controlling diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in fish farming is environmentally friendly. In this study the sensitivity of the test  A. hydrophila, a minimum test konsentari inhibiting A. hydrophila (MIC test) and toxicity test on  tilapia. The design used for toxicity tests is completely randomized design with 4 treatments it A = Fish injected with extracts bangkal concentration of 20 %,  B = Fish injected with extracts bangkal concentration of 40 %, C = Fish injected with extracts of 80 % concentration bangkal, and D = Control ( fish not injected ), repeated 3 times. This treatment was obtained from the results of the sensitivity test antibacterial bangkal inhibition and has the power to kill most of the bacteria against A. hydrophila is bangkal leaf extract with distilled water solvent. MIC testing showed that the extract bangkal - distilled water has a minimum of 20 % inhibition of the bacterial activity A. hydrophila. Results of toxicity tests conducted on tilapia with a concentration of 20 %, 40 % and 80 % mortality of tilapia under 50 %. Haematological observation that eretrosit, leokosit, blood plasm, hematocrit and leokokrit in each treatment is still in the normal range. The water quality parameters, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, CO2 and temperature can still support the normal life of tilapia.

scholarly journals Tingkat kepadatan populasi Alona sp. pada media tumbuh ragi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Sartje Lantu ◽  
Fanny Silooy
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Horse Manure ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

The purpose of this research was to investigate the population density of Alona sp. on yeast media with different concentrations. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications for 21 days. The treatments given were A: 10 ppm yeast, B: 5 ppm yeast, C: 1 ppm yeast, D: horse manure, and E: well water. The initial stocking density of Alona sp. for each treatment was 15 individuals/300 mL of well water. The water quality parameter measured during the study was temperature. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences between treatments on the density level of Alona sp. (p <0.05). Tukey's further test showed that treatment B was the best with a density of Alona sp. as many as 8059 individuals/300 mL of well water. The temperature during the study, in the morning was 26 ± 0.52°C and in the afternoon was 26 ± 0.46°C.

scholarly journals Superação de dormência e pré-germinação de sementes de Leucaena leucocephala

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Naiala da Hora Góes ◽  
◽  
Jacqueline de Brito Bispo ◽  
Taise Conceição Rodrigues ◽  
Manassés dos Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative methods to overcome dormancy in Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) seeds. The seeds were collected from four different matrices and subsequently submitted to different treatments with mechanical scarification and immersion in water and soft drink at different times (0, 6, 24 and 48 h) at 25 ºC. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of 14 treatments composed of four replications containing 50 seeds each. The variables analyzed were: Germination at the first count (G); Normal Seedlings (PN); Hard or Dormant Seeds (SD); and Germination Speed Index (IVG). The results increased higher percentages of germination (G) in the T1 treatment (mechanical scarification) with 46.7 and 43.2% of normal seedlings (PN) with 43.2% and IVG of 41.9. However, when observing only the treatments submitted in different combinations, it was noted that the treatments T8 (Mechanical scarification and immersion in soda for 6h at 25 ºC) and T2 (Mechanical scarification and immersion in distilled water for 6h at 25 ºC) presented a germination of 44.7 and 39.7%, respectively. Thus, shorter water immersion times associated with mechanical scarification are required to obtain the highest percentage of germination and formation of normal seedlings.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN STEK KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) DENGAN PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yulistiati Nengsih ◽  
Aditya Deska Wahyu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Onion Extract ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Factor ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producing and exporting countries in the world. Most of the production is robusta variety. Coffee is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner for Indonesia after palm oil, rubber and cocoa and is a source of income for the community. Coffee can be developed in a generative (seed) and vegetative way, including using cuttings. Efforts to accelerate the formation of roots in cuttings can be done by using natural growth regulators, one of which is shallots which contain auxins. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shallot extract on the growth of robusta coffee cuttings (Coffea canephora). This research was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 at Campus II, Batanghari University (Pijoan). The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one treatment factor, namely shallot extract including; .k0 (without giving onion extract), k1 (250 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), k2 (500 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), k3 (750 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), and k4 (1000 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water). Each stage of the experiment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 15 experimental plots, for each experiment there were 10 cuttings with a total of 150 cuttings. The observed data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the DNMRT test at α 5%. From the immersion treatment in 750 g of shallot extract in 1 liter of distilled water (k3), there was an increase in the percentage of live cuttings 47.37%, the percentage of shoots and roots growth of 83.51%, 106.06% of shoot length, and 98.03% of roots. , and the root dry weight of 225.27% compared without giving onion extract (k0).

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