scholarly journals Comparison of Metaphorical Expressions of the Heart Between Chinese and English

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Gong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese And English

This study intends to provide a semantic analysis of metaphorical expressions containing the body-part term “heart” in Chinese and English. The discussion of these expressions revolves around four perceived roles of the heart. It is suggested that the metaphorical consequences have a bodily or psychological basis on our hearts. The comparison between Chinese and English shows that there exist some similarities and differences, which can be accounted for both by the commonality of bodily experiences unique to human beings and by the discrepancy of cultural modes from different countries. Finally, a revised model depicting the relationship between body, language, culture, and cognitive ability has been proposed.

scholarly journals Anthropomorphization Framework for Human-Object Communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Osawa ◽  
◽  
Jun Mukai ◽  
Michita Imai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Object ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing Environments

We propose an anthropomorphization framework that determines an object’s body image. This framework directly intervenes and anthropomorphizes objects in ubiquitous-computing environments through robotic body parts shaped like those of human beings, which provide information through spoken directions and body language. Our purpose is to demonstrate that an object acquires subjective representations through anthropomorphization. Using this framework, people can more fully understand instructions given by an object. We designed an anthropomorphization framework that changes the body image by attaching body parts. We also conducted experiments to evaluate this framework. Results indicate that the site at which an anthropomorphization device is attached influences human perception of the object’s virtual body image, and participants in experiments understood several instructions given by the object more clearly. Results also indicate that participants better intuited their devices’ instructions and movement in ubiquitous-computing environments.

Semantics of Hawrami Body Part Terms

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-335
Author(s):  
Bistoon Abasi ◽  
Amer Gheitury
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Internal Body

Human body as a universal possession of human beings constitutes an interesting domain where questions regarding semantic categorisations might be sought crosslinguistically. In the following, we will attempt to describe the terms used to refer to the body in Hawrami, an Iranian language spoken in Paveh, a small township in the western province of Kermanshah near Iraqi borders. Due to the scarcity of written material, the inventory of 202 terms referring to external and internal body parts were obtained through a field work, which took a long time, and techniques, such as the “colouring task”, observation and recording the terms as used in ordinary conversations and informal interviews with native speakers. The semantic properties of the terms and the way they are related in a partonymy or locative relationship were also investigated. As far as universals of body part terms are concerned, while conforming to ‘depth principle’ concerning the number of levels each partonomy may consist of, Hawrami violates an important feature of this principle by not allowing transitive relations between different levels of partonomic hierarchies. In addition, Hawrami lacks a term for labelling the ‘whole’.

Body and emotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 341-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yu
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Internal Body ◽  
External Body

This study presents a semantic analysis of how emotions and emotional experiences are described in Chinese. It focuses on conventionalized expressions in Chinese, namely compounds and idioms, which contain body-part terms. The body-part terms are divided into two classes: those denoting external body parts and those denoting internal body parts or organs. It is found that, with a few exceptions, the expressions involving external body parts are originally metonymic, describing emotions in terms of their externally observable bodily events and processes. However, once conventionalized, these expressions are also used metaphorically regardless of emotional symptoms or gestures. The expressions involving internal organs evoke imaginary bodily images that are primarily metaphorical. It is found that the metaphors, though imaginary in nature, are not really all arbitrary. They seem to have a bodily or psychological basis, although they are inevitably influenced by cultural models.

‘Body part’ terms and emotion in Japanese

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Film Scripts ◽  
Magazine Articles

This paper examines the use and meaning of the body-part terms or quasi-body part terms associated with Japanese emotions. The terms analyzed are kokoro, mune, hara, ki, and mushi. In Japanese kokoro is regarded as the seat of emotions. Mune (roughly, ‘chest’) is the place where Japanese believe kokoro is located. Hara (roughly, ‘belly’) can be used to refer to the seat of ‘thinking’, for example in expression of anger-like feelings which entail a prior cognitive appraisal. The term ki (roughly, ‘breath’) is also used for expressions dealing with emotions, temperament, and behaviour; among these, ki is mostly frequently used for referring to mental activity. Mushi — literally, a ‘worm’ which exists in the hara ‘belly’ — is also used for referring to specific emotion expressions.The tool for semantic analysis employed in this paper is the “Natural Semantic Metalanguage” method developed by Anna Wierzbicka and colleagues. This metalanguage enables us to explicate concepts by means of simple words and grammar (easily translated across languages), and clarifies the similarities and dissimilarities between the components involved in semantically similar terms. The data used for analysis are from various sources; published literature both in Japanese and English, newspaper/magazine articles, film scripts, comic books, advertisements, dictionaries, and popular songs.

scholarly journals The communication and psychology of identity on mobile dating apps for men who have sex with men

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brandon Miller
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated the use of mobile dating apps for men who have sex with men (MSM), the privileging of masculinity in these online spaces, and related effects on attitudes about masculinity, the body, and the self. Using self-categorization theory as a framework, the study explored how men infuse masculinity/femininity and body language into their profiles in order to create symbolic boundaries between a masculine in-group and a feminine out-group, in the process further promoting an in-group bias for masculine partners. Findings indicated a clear preference for masculinity, both generally and in the form of the muscular male body. Drawing on selective self-presentation and the online disinhibition effect, the current work also investigated howpatterns of usage and personal attitudes impact photographic self-presentation, how the presence of face-disclosing and/or shirtless photos impact the use of language, and how visual self-presentation is related to demographic and attitudinal variables. The results indicated a connection between outness and face-disclosure, as well as between the amount of usage of MSM-specific mobile dating apps and face-disclosure. Men’s use of shirtless photos was significantly related to age, self-perceived masculinity, antieffeminacy attitudes, and drive for muscularity. Finally, priming theory was used to examine the relationship between MSM-specific mobile dating app usage and attitudes about men’s own and others’ masculinity/femininity and their bodies, as well as feelings of esteem and connectedness. Findings indicated connections between usage and self-perceived masculinity, internalized homonegativity, collective self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction, as well as social connectedness and anti-effeminacy attitudes for some men. Age, race, relationship status, education level, geographic location, and outness all served as important moderators. Constructions of gay masculinity have been associated with many issues, including risky sexual behavior, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, lowered self-esteem, and racism. The current research advances our understanding of how MSM engage with masculinity/femininity and body language in a new media context, as well as the relationship between usage of MSM-specific mobile dating apps, psychosocial attitudes, personal feelings of esteem and connectedness, and photographic self-presentation strategies.

scholarly journals Traumatized Children and Post-Traumatic Growth in Francophone Trauma Novels

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Traumatized Children ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Traumatized Self ◽  
Health Discourse ◽  
The Relationship

In an attempt to decolonize Trauma Studies, a dominant mental health discourse, and to expand our understanding of trauma and post-traumatic growth, this project investigates J.M.G. Le Clézio’s The African (L’africain 2004) and Ahmadou Kourouma’s: Allah is Not Obliged 2011) (Allah n’est pas obligé 2000) and the untranslated and unfinished Quand on refuse on dit non (2004). The term “decolonizing Trauma Studies” refers to a remapping of this particular field of Cultural Theory by studying these non-Western “trauma novels”. The first critical suggestion advanced is that these authors explore the traumatic consequences of lies that are ontological and phenomenological in nature and maintained through language (logos). This research then examines Le Clézio’s and Kourouma’s models of healing, which centre on the body, language, and an empathetic re-encounter with the traumatized self through narratives. Another major finding is that these texts experiment with literature, manipulating it into new forms, thus expanding our understanding of the relationship between the literary arts and post-traumatic growth theories and treatments.

scholarly journals The Abject as Body Language in Imre Kertész’s Fateless and Alaine Polcz’s One Woman in the War

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 92-107
Author(s):  
Edit Zsadányi
Keyword(s):  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Survival Scenario ◽  
The Relationship

Among the various analyses that examine Imre Kertész’s Fateless, little attention has been paid to the relationship between body and narrative. Using Julia Kristeva’s concept of the abject, I focus on excerpts in the novel in which power breaches the boundaries of the protagonist’s body, Gyuri Köves, as he endures detainment in various concentration camps. In this paper I argue that it is the dehumanized and abjectified body that rebels against totalitarianism by refusing to accept a deceptive survival scenario. When the perspective of death has been accepted, the concept of the abject paradoxically reveals that is the identity’s inherent motherly aspect that is able to provide a human perspective to an abjectified person. After comparing excerpts in Fateless and One Woman in the War by Alaine Polcz, another narrative in which violence breaks the boundaries of the body, I will reach the conclusion that the body itself forms the final frontier of dictatorship. Once totalitarian dictatorship penetrates the body, it loses its influence over the victim as death offers a more humane, more bearable life.

scholarly journals Il liberalismo degli indifferenti La biopolitica nell’epoca degli stranieri morali

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Musio
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Health Care ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Double Movement ◽  
The One ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Health

Il saggio intende offrire una valutazione del rapporto che lega il pensiero liberale alle forme della biopolitica e presenta a tal fine un doppio movimento che va dal liberalismo del libero mercato al pensiero di T. H. Engelhardt, per poi ritornare da questo al primo. Si comprenderà, così, per quale motivo anche in Engelhardt sia così essenziale quella discutibile e fenomenologicamente scorretta concezione proprietaria del corpo che segna il nesso tra liberalismo e la dottrina economica del libero mercato e che, appunto, sostanzia le tesi del filosofo texano sulla “persona”. Inoltre, diventerà possibile individuare per quale ragione nel suo pensiero compaiano contestualmente due tesi differenti: quella che attesta l’impossibilità di un’assistenza sanitaria universale per tutti gli “stranieri morali” e quella che sancisce la legittimità della non-curanza pubblica verso gli “esseri umani non-persone”. A fare da sfondo resta la domanda se sia questo tipo di liberalismo a divenire una fonte di indifferenza o non sia proprio una strana forma di ethos dell’indifferenza ad alimentarlo. ---------- This paper aims to provide an assessment of the relationship between the liberal thinking and the forms of biopolitics. For this purpose, the paper presents a double movement, which goes from the liberalism of the free market to the thought of T.H. Engelhardt, to then return from the latter to the first. Hence, it will be understood why even in Engelhardt it is so essential that questionable and phenomenologically incorrect conception–owner of the body–which marks the link between liberalism and the economic doctrine of the free market and that, in fact, substantiates the thesis of the Texan philosopher about the “person”. Further, it will be discussed why in his thought two different theses simultaneously emerge: the one claiming the inability of universal health care for all “moral foreigners” and the one stating the nonpublic disregard towards “non-person human beings”. In the background the open question is whether it is this type of liberalism to become a source of indifference or it is just a strange form of ethos of indifference to feed into it.

scholarly journals “ANATOMY OF WAR” IN THE MODERN GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN MASS-MEDIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Olena Materynska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Modern Mass

The paper is devoted to the research of the anthropomorphic representation of war in the German and Ukrainian mass-media by the means of personification and is based upon the theory of conceptual metaphor and contrastive approach. The regular conceptual metaphoric and metonymic models creating “naive anatomy” of war, its physical and psychological profile in the compared languages have been singled out. The empirical dataset includes word combinations and lexemes, contexts extracted from the articles and reports in the German and Ukrainian mass-media as well as from the Mannheim German Reference Corpus COSMAS II (DeReKo-2018-II) covering a five-year period (2014-2019). One of the most widely used anthropomorphic metaphors embracing the body part appellations is the metaphor ‘face of war’ within the main conceptual metaphor ‘war is a human being’. The metaphtonymy is also highlighted as one of the models of the semantic change paths within the personification patterns of ‘war’, including such regular patterns as ‘male / female face of war’, ‘public face of war’ etc. The causative verbs and verbs denoting physical activity reveal the nature of war as a destructive force suppressing the will of human beings and considering them as objects of its influence. To the anthropomorphic patterns within the main one ‘war is a human being’ also belong: ‘war is a parent’, ‘war is a liar’. The regular semantic metaphoric and metonymic patterns are often developed within a logical antinomy of holy war (justified by the ‘big goals’) and its real inevitably devastating consequences. Special attention is paid to the changes in gender representation of war as well as in its strategies demanding new ways of researching its role in the modern mass media. The hybrid, information wars of the last years have obviously changed the language representation of ‘war’. Unexpectedly war appears to be even attractive and repelling at the same time. The representation of war in the modern mass media often causes a certain degree of its banalisation and aestheticization. The main emphasis of the analyzed contexts lies on the evaluative character of the anthropomorphic metaphor allowing manipulation of readers’ perception.

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