scholarly journals Language Revitalization: A Case Study of the Khoisan Languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Xinyi Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Language Preservation ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Language Revival ◽  
Effective Option

This paper introduces the concept of endangered languages and the corresponding solution of language revitalization. It first illustrates the importance of language preservation and the process of language endangerment and death. The two principal strategies of thwarting language death are discussed, with an emphasis on the language revitalization as the more effective option due to the difficulties that language revival faces. The most commonly successful approaches to language preservation are discussed such as establishing cultural pride and identity, education, and utilizing modern technology. These strategies are discussed in detail through the presentation of a case study: the Khoisan language family.

On Preservation of the Endangered Languages in Information Era: A Case Study of Tujia Language

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 2068-2071
Author(s):  
Chi Hua Chen ◽  
Li Hua Fang
Keyword(s):  
Modern Technology ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
New System

Language endangerment is deteriorating under the background of globalization. In the information era, the preservation of endangered languages is more urgent and important than before. The best preservation of the endangered languages is to study them. Based on the traditional research, a new system of the preservation of the endangered languages should be explored by using modern technology. This paper deals with this problem by taking Tujia language as an example.

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Reference Volume ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages, in thirty-nine chapters, provides a comprehensive overview of the efforts that are being undertaken to deal with this crisis. Its purposes are (1) to provide a reasonably comprehensive reference volume, with the scope of the volume as a whole representing the breadth of the field; (2) to highlight both the range of thinking about language endangerment and the variety of responses to it; and (3) to broaden understanding of language endangerment, language documentation, and language revitalization, and, in so doing, to encourage and contribute to fresh thinking and new findings in support of endangered languages. The handbook is organized into five parts. Part I, Endangered Languages, addresses some of the fundamental issues that are essential to understanding the nature of the endangered languages crisis. Part II, Language Documentation provides an overview of the issues and activities of concern to linguists and others in their efforts to record and document endangered languages. Part III, Language Revitalization encompasses a diverse range of topics, including approaches, practices, and strategies for revitalizing endangered and sleeping (“dormant”) languages. Part IV, Endangered Languages and Biocultural Diversity, extends the discussion of language endangerment beyond its conventional boundaries to consider the interrelationship of language, culture, and environment. Part V, Looking to the Future, addresses a variety of topics that are certain to be of consequence in future efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. xxviii-18
Author(s):  
Lyle Campbell ◽  
Kenneth L. Rehg
Keyword(s):  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Reference Volume ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages’ purposes are (1) to provide a reasonably comprehensive reference volume for endangered languages, with the scope of the volume as a whole representing the breadth of the field; (2) to highlight both the range of thinking about language endangerment and the variety of responses to it; and (3) to broaden understanding of language endangerment, language documentation, and language revitalization, and, in so doing, to encourage and contribute to fresh thinking and new findings in support of endangered languages. This chapter introduces the thirty-nine chapters of this Handbook, which are addressed to the themes and approaches in scholarship on endangered language and to these objectives of the book. The authors introduce the criteria for determining whether a language is endangered and just how endangered it is, address the causes of language endangerment, review the reasons for why the language endangerment crisis matters, and discuss the variety of responses to it.

scholarly journals A Program for the Preservation and Revitalization of the Languages of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-527
Author(s):  
Andrej A. Kibrik
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
National Language ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Language Preservation ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This article presents the Program for the Preservation and Revitalization of the Languages of Russia proposed by the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences (the Program). The Program is based on knowledge accumulated in linguistics in domains such as linguistic diversity, language endangerment, and language preservation methods. According to a recent assessment, there are 150 to 160 languages of Russia. This number of languages, even though quite high, is manageable for a national language preservation Program. Languages are rapidly becoming extinct worldwide, and Russia is no exception to this trend. The following terms are used to categorize languages according to risk of extinction: safe languages, endangered languages, severely endangered languages, and nearly extinct languages. There are several important humanitarian and scientific reasons for engaging in language preservation. The central idea of the Program is to boost intergenerational language transmission wherever feasible. Various approaches to different language situations are envisaged, including enlightenment campaigns, language nests, and language documentation. Three necessary conditions for language revitalization include engaging local activists, administrative and financial support, and the scientific validity of the methodology. The Programs 12-year roadmap is split into three stages. There are a number of favorable factors making the Program feasible, as well as a number of potential obstacles. We have a historic opportunity to preserve languages spoken in Russia, and this is an opportunity that must be used.

Purism vs. compromise in language revitalization and language revival

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Dorian
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Pennsylvania German ◽  
Language Revival ◽  
Revival Movement

ABSTRACTConservative attitudes toward loanwords and toward change in grammar often hamper efforts to revitalize endangered languages (Tiwi, Australia); and incompatible conservatisms can separate educated revitalizers, interested in historicity, from remaining speakers interested in locally authentic idiomaticity (Irish). Native-speaker conservatism is likely to constitute a barrier to coinage (Gaelic, Scotland), and unrealistically severe older-speaker purism can discourage younger speakers where education in a minority language is unavailable (Nahuatl, Mexico). Even in the case of a once entirely extinct language, rival authenticities can prove a severe problem (the Cornish revival movement in Britain). Evidence from obsolescent Arvanitika (Greece), from Pennsylvania German (US), and from Irish in Northern Ireland (the successful Shaw's Road community in Belfast) suggests that structural compromise may enhance survival chances; and the case of English in the post-Norman period indicates that restructuring by intense language contact can leave a language both viable and versatile, with full potential for future expansion. (Revival, purism, attitudes, norms, endangered languages, minority languages, contact)

Rob Amery, ‘Warrabarna Kaurna!’ Reclaiming an Australian language. (Multilingualism and Linguistic Diversity 1). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger, 2000. Pp. xx, 289. Hb $63.00.

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-810
Author(s):  
Christopher Loether
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Language Revival

Many linguists believe that the revitalization of moribund languages, where there may only be a handful of elderly fluent speakers left, is a noble – if perhaps nearly impossible – ideal for native communities involved in such work. Even more challenging is the reintroduction of a long-dead language such as the South Australian language Kaurna (pronounced [ga:na]), spoken on the Adelaide plains until the last native speaker, Ivaritji (a.k.a. Amelia Taylor), died in 1929. Rob Amery challenges the standards by which language revitalization programs are judged as successful, while giving us a step-by-step method for the reintroduction and revalorization of an extinct native tongue, which he calls the Formulaic Method. This detailed case study of what is, after all, just the beginning stages of Kaurna language revival will be of interest not just to linguists involved in the field, but especially to community members and other nonspecialists who are somehow connected with lesser-used languages and language revival efforts. Amery's work is also an important contribution to the emerging field of ecological linguistics and its application to language planning.

Language Revitalization in Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 612-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonny Sands
Keyword(s):  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Large Populations

Africa is home to almost a third of the world’s languages. Only about 400 of these languages are widely considered to be endangered but many more are vulnerable given the small populations who use them. Even minority languages spoken by fairly large populations face challenges. Language endangerment on the continent is widespread, affecting a majority of African languages, including ones spoken in small geographical areas as well as cross-border languages. While linguists have generally focused on documentation and revitalization of the most endangered languages, grassroots efforts have targeted both large and small languages. The success of language revitalization efforts remains to be seen as many of these programs are still in their infancy.

Rob Amery, ‘Warrabarna Kaurna!’ Reclaiming an Australian language. (Multilingualism and Linguistic Diversity, 1.) Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger, 2000. Pp. xx, 289. Hb $63.00.

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Christopher Loether
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Language Revival

Many linguists believe that the revitalization of moribund languages, where there may only be a handful of elderly fluent speakers left, is a noble (if not also nearly impossible) ideal for those native communities involved in such work; and this is not to mention the reintroduction of a long-dead language, such as the South Australian language Kaurna (pronounced [ga:na]), spoken on the Adelaide Plains until the last native speaker, Ivaritji (a.k.a. Amelia Taylor), died in 1929. Rob Amery challenges the standards by which language revitalization programs are judged as successful, while giving us a step-by-step method for the reintroduction and revalorization of an extinct native tongue, which he calls the Formulaic Method. This detailed case study of the beginning stages of Kaurna language revival will be of interest not just to linguists involved in the field, but especially to community members and other nonspecialists who are somehow connected with lesser-used languages and language revival efforts. Amery's work is also an important contribution to the emerging field of ecological linguistics and its application to language planning issues.

Nynorn: Die Rekonstruktion des Norn

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Korobzow
Keyword(s):  
Language Death ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Language Revival ◽  
Scandinavian Language

AbstractThe following article strives to present a project that was launched by language enthusiasts in an attempt to revive Norn, a Scandinavian language that used to be spoken on the Northern Isles but died out about 200 years ago. On that account, the reasons and mechanics of language endangerment and language death are examined in this paper as well as different approaches to language revival or revitalization. The importance of language as a means of preserving one’s identity is only one of the reasons why these kinds of projects deserve more attention than they have gotten so far. Although Norn is classified as a

Toward a Philosophical Approach of the Hermeneutics of the Qur’an

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Aliaa Ibrahim Dakroury
Keyword(s):  
Modern Technology ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

Although claims questioning whether religious sacred books can be “translated” or not have been heard for quite some time, they have increased with the emergence of globalization and the increasing openness and flow of information due to modern technology. In the context of the relationship between hermeneutics and communication, one could argue that interpreting the Qur’an is an interesting case study for many reasons. Among them is the number of debates and discourses that have been raised both for and against its translation. Another reason, perhaps one of the largest barriers according to some religious Muslim groups, is that the Qur’an is fundamentally revealed and written in Arabic, and, therefore, its true meaning cannot be translated into another language. Certain verses, such as “It is a Qur’an in Arabic, without any crookedness (therein): in order that they may guard against evil” (28:39), have been presented to support this argument.

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