scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of Litsea glutinosa C. B (ROB) Stem Bark Ethanol Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-886
Author(s):  
Arunodaya Hosahalli Sumithregowda ◽  
Krishna Venkatarangaiah ◽  
Kumaraswamy Malleshappa Honnenahally ◽  
Vinaykumar Nagenahalli Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Litsea Glutinosa ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

scholarly journals The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Antrocaryon micraster Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Essel ◽  
David D. Obiri ◽  
Newman Osafo ◽  
Aaron O. Antwi ◽  
Babatunde M. Duduyemi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of Antrocaryon micraster on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the stem bark. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in rats. In the pleurisy model the extract (30–300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume and amount of proteins and leucocytes in the exudate and also protected against lung injury. Tissue level of GSH and SOD and CAT expression were increased while MDA level and MPO activity were reduced. The peak and total oedema responses were significantly suppressed when given both preemptively and curatively in the mice paw oedema test. Saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins were present in the stem bark. A. micraster extract exhibited no apparent acute toxicity. We conclude that the ethanolic stem-bark extract of A. micraster has antioxidant action and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of pleurisy and paw oedema induced with carrageenan.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Enydra fluctuans Lour in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobi Xavier ◽  
Kshetrimayum Kripasana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in the gill, liver, brain, and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semiaquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant, the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on the intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of the villi structure and fusion of villi the membrane and detachment of the villi structure from the basal membrane of the intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of the basal epithelial membrane in the gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in the brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of the brain.

scholarly journals Studies on antidiabetic activity of Acacia ferruginea DC. stem bark

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Jhuma Deb ◽  
Anoop Singh ◽  
Devendra Singh Rathore ◽  
Gouri Kumar Dash ◽  
Nilip Kanti Deb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The methanol extract of Acacia ferruginea (Family- Mimosaceae) was studied for possible antidiabetic activity on normoglycaemic, OGTT and alloxan induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o. The acute toxicity studies were carried out on Swiss albino mice to determine the LD50 values. The experiments were performed as per OECD guidelines. The results of the normoglycaemic, OGTT and hyperglycaemic studies revealed that the extract exhibited reduction in blood glucose concentration in a dose dependant manner as compared to the standard drug metformin (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The acute toxicity studies revealed no signs of mortality in animals treated with a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Preliminary phytochemical studies of the methanol extract revealed presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, gums and mucilages, proteins and amino acids. The present study justifies the use of the plant for treating diabetes as suggested in folklore remedies.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Alkaloid-rich Fraction of Landolphia owarensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
N.N. Ibekwe ◽  
N.N. Ibekwe ◽  
L.B. John-Africa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Fraction Dose ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ear Oedema ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: Plants have several chemical compounds acclaimed to be responsible for the pharmacological actions produced when herbal products are administered to biological systems.Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the alkaloid-rich fraction of the ethanol leaf extract of Landolphia owariensis.Methods: Qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried on the crude extract using standard methods. The alkaloid-rich fraction was obtained from the crude ethanol extract, using the classical acid/base shake-up method and the obtained fraction tested positive to Dragendorf’s reagent. Oral acute toxicity was evaluated by OECD method (No 423). Anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was evaluated using xylene-induce ear oedema and carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids/terpenes and glycosides. Acute toxicity studies showed no adverse symptoms of toxicity during the 14-day observation period and no mortality was recorded, thus the LD50 was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. The alkaloid-rich fraction dose-dependently inhibited inflammation induced by xylene and carrageenan. In the xylene test, the fraction produced significant inhibition of 41.70 % at 400 mg/kg (p ≤ 0.05) while in the carrageenan test 55.69 % significant inhibition (p ≤ 0.001) was recorded with 400 mg/kg at 60 mins after induction of inflammation.Conclusion: This study showed the anti-inflammatory potentials of the alkaloid-rich fraction of Landophia owariensis.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity ofElephantopus scaberon Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Yong Ho ◽  
Swee Keong Yeap ◽  
Chai Ling Ho ◽  
Raha Abdul Rahim ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

Elephantopus scaberhas been traditionally used as liver tonic. However, the protective effect ofE. scaberon ethanol-induced liver damage is still unclear. In this study, we have compared thein vivohepatoprotective effect ofE. scaberwithPhyllanthus nirurion the ethanol-induced liver damage in mice. The total phenolic and total flavanoid content ofE. scaberethanol extract were determined in this study. Accelerating serum biochemical profiles (including AST, ALT, ALP, triglyceride, and total bilirubin) associated with fat drop and necrotic body in the liver section were observed in the mice treated with ethanol. Low concentration ofE. scaberwas able to reduce serum biochemical profiles and the fat accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, high concentration ofE. scaberand positive controlP. niruriwere able to revert the liver damage, which is comparable to the normal control. Added to this,E. scaberdid not possess any oral acute toxicity on mice. These results suggest the potential effect of this extract as a hepatoprotective agent towards-ethanol induced liver damage without any oral acute toxicity effect. These activities might be contributed, or at least in part, by its high total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of Lantana camara Leaf Extract

Molecules ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 3663-3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badakhshan Mahdi Pour ◽  
Lachimanan Yoga Latha ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of b-mangostin Isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvitha Syam ◽  
Ahmad Bustamam ◽  
Rasedee Abdullah ◽  
Mohamed Aspollah Sukari ◽  
Najihah Mohd Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity
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