Total Phenolic, Flavonoid and Alkaloid Contents, Oxidative DNA Damage Protective and Antioxidant Properties of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Dissotis rotundifolia Whole Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams Kweku Darkwah ◽  
Yanhui Ao ◽  
Micheal Buenor Adinortey ◽  
Alexander Weremfo ◽  
Francis Kwame Abrokwah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dna Damage Protective ◽  
Alkaloid Contents

Evaluation of diuretic and antioxidant properties in aqueous bark and fruit extracts of pine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Shariati ◽  
Mohammad Hassanpour ◽  
Gholamreza Sharifzadeh ◽  
Asghar Zarban ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the diuretic and antioxidant properties of pine herb in an animal model. Materials and Methods: 45 adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups including: groups I (the negative control), groups II (positive control, furosemide 10 mg/kg), groups III to VIII (treatment groups received 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of bark and fruit) and group IX received the combination of aqueous extract of bark (100 mg/kg) and the fruit (100 mg/kg). The urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated . Furthermore, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both extracts were also assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Results: The aqueous extracts of the pine bark and fruit increased the urinary output in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of the two extracts compared to the other extracts alone significantly increased the serum potassium level. This study also showed each extract increase creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The increase of GFR in the combination group was not significant. The current data showed a significant increase in the total phenolic content in pine bark extract in compared with the fruit extract. Conclusion: The pine bark and fruit can be useful in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones due to the high antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushothaman Ayyakkannu ◽  
Ganesh A ◽  
Meenatchi Packirisamy ◽  
Sundaram Ramalingam ◽  
Venkataramanan S
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Eclipta Alba

Abstract. Purushothaman A, Ganesh A, Meenatchi P, Sundaram R, Venkataramanan. 2020. Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 73-78. The plant Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. is an important plant used in the traditional Ayurvedic, Unani systems of holistic health and herbal medicine of the East. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and DNA damage protection activities of ethanolic extract of E. alba. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) and identification of bioactive components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was performed to provide scientific basis for traditional usage of this plant. To investigate the antioxidant potential, extracts were tested for their capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Superoxide radicals (O2•-). DNA damage protective activity of ethanol extract of E. alba was checked on pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA. The Plasmid DNA was oxidized with H2O2 + UV treatment in the absence and presence of different concentrations of E. alba extract (75, 150, and 300 μg/mL). Electrophoresis was performed using 1% agarose at 40 V for 3 h in the presence of ethidium bromide. Gel was scanned on a Gel documentation system. Bands on the gels corresponding to supercoiled circular, circular relaxed, and linearized DNA were quantified. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening of E. alba extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. The extract was found to have rich phenolics content of 26.38 ± 2.45 milligram of gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE/g). The extract exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of major active principles. Furthermore, the extract significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Altogether, the results of current study revealed that E. alba is a potential source of antioxidants and provides pharmacological credibility to the ethnomedicinal use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, also justifying its therapeutic application in oxidative damage induced diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of ethanol fruit extract of Muntingia calabura Linn

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Adelina Simamora ◽  
Adit Widodo Santoso ◽  
Ika Rahayu ◽  
Kris Herawan Timotius
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Introduction: Muntingia calabura is used for many medicinal advantages. So far, limited study has been done for the bioactivities of M.calabura fruit. The study aimed to investigate the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of M.calabura fruit. Methods: Ethanol extract of M.calabura fruit was tested for its inhibitory enzyme activities against key enzymes linked to human pathologies, such as diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), hyperuricemia (xanthine oxidase), and obesity (lipase). The antioxidant properties were investigated using different in vitro assays (DPPH, CUPRAC, reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelating and DNA-Damage protection assays). The fruit was also evaluated for its antibacterial activity against several gram positive and negative bacteria. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 10.85 mgGAE/g and 3.30 mg QE/g, respectively. The fruit extract showed good inhibition against α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC50 16.74 and 46.49 µg/ml, respectively), with activities stronger than acarbose (100.38 and 152.46 µg/ml, respectively). It exhibited weak inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (IC50 0.91 mg/ml) and lipase (IC50 16.48 mg/ml), weaker than the references used for respective test (IC50 allopurinol 5.31 µg/ml and orlistat 0.17 µg/ml). The extract showed antibacterial activities againts Chromobacterium violaceum, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. The ethanol extract showed weaker antioxidant activities, when compared to ascorbic acid and BHT. However, the extract was able to protect DNA-damage. Conclusions: The study concludes that M. calabura fruit exhibits antioxidant, antibacterial, and enzyme inhibitory properties, thus can be a good source for pharmacological uses.

Protective Role of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaf Aqueous Extract Against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage in Transgenic Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Chia-Fang Hsu ◽  
Fu-An Yang ◽  
Shih-Chuan Liu ◽  
Shuan-Yow Li ◽  
Hao-Wei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina

Aminoglycoside treatment increases the loss of hair cells in the inner ear. Once the hair cells are lost, they are unable to regenerate spontaneously, and the resulting hearing loss is profound and irreversible in humans. The aqueous extract from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina has been reported to have antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated whether the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf could protect hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced damage using a transgenic zebrafish line. Our results showed that the EC50 of 1,1-Diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate), a measure of antioxidant capacity, of the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf was 11.31 mg/mL and 2.73 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents were 11.48 ŷ 3.12 mg gallic acid/g and 6.89 ŷ 0.65 mg catechin/g, respectively. In the toxicology study, the larval survival rate was significantly decreased and was dependent on the dosage of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf, whereas it had no significant toxicity at doses below 2.5 mg/mL concentration (survival rate = 100%). Furthermore, a hair cell survival study shows that aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf decreased neomycin-induced hair cell death in a dose-dependent manner (survival rate = ∼94.1 ŷ 3.1% at 2 mg/mL concentration). Overall, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf possess the antioxidant effect and protects against hair cell loss caused by toxic side effects of neomycin. An optimal aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf can be consumed as an herbal medicine without probable toxicity to body tissues and organs.

scholarly journals Study of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and DNA-Damage Protection Properties of Some Indian Medicinal Plants Reveal their Possible Role in Combating Psoriasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Neha Arora ◽  
Deepika Tripathi ◽  
Neha Pandey ◽  
Krishna Kumar Rai ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated due to severe oxidative stress, thereby resulting in pathogenesis of various disorders in humans, including psoriasis. DNA damage is the major manifestation of long term ROS exposure. ROS can be scavenged by natural antioxidant compounds present in medicinal plants. In this study, aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts of eleven dermatologically significant Indian medicinal plants were evaluated for their ROS scavenging and antioxidant properties, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), along with total phenolic content determination. Lipoxygenase inhibition assay was conducted to determine anti-inflammatory activities. DNA-damage protective capacities were also assessed using plasmid pBluescript II SK(–) DNA, where DNA damage was induced by Fenton reaction. The study reveals that the extracts of T. cordifolia, C. paniculatus, C. longa and A. vera performed far much better, in almost all the assays, with regards to P. corylifolia, a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat psoriasis, thus indicating these plants to be potent sources of effective drug formulation for treatment of psoriasis.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 141-149

Oxidative DNA damage is associated with antidepressant use, not depression or anxiety disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s219-s219
Author(s):  
C. Black ◽  
M. Bot ◽  
P. Scheffer ◽  
B. Penninx
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionOxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders and may be influenced by antidepressant use.ObjectivesThis study investigated the association of oxidative stress, measured by plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reflecting oxidative lipid and DNA damage respectively, with major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and antidepressant use in a large cohort.MethodsData was derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety including patients with current (n = 1641) or remitted (n = 610) MDD and/or anxiety disorder(s) (of which n = 709 antidepressant users) and 633 controls. Diagnoses were established with the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument. Plasma 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostanes were measured using UHPLC-MS/MS. ANCOVA was performed adjusting for sampling, sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables.ResultsF2-isoprostanes did not differ between controls and patients, or by antidepressant use. Patients (current or remitted) using antidepressants had lower 8-OHdG (adjusted mean 38.3 pmol/L) compared to patients (current or remitted) without antidepressants (44.7 pmol/L) and controls (44.9 pmol/L, P < 0.001; Cohen's d 0.26). Findings for 8-OHdG were similar over all disorders and all antidepressant types (SSRIs, TCAs, SNRIs; P < 0.001).ConclusionContrary to previous findings this large-scale study did not find increased oxidative stress measured by F2-isoprostanes or 8-OHdG in MDD or anxiety disorders. 8-OHdG levels were lower in antidepressant users, which suggests antidepressants may have antioxidant properties.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Modulatory effects of Moringa oleifera extracts against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1359-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sreelatha ◽  
PR Padma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Studies have demonstrated that the induction of oxidative stress may be involved in oxidative DNA damage. The present study examined and assessed the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated DNA damage in human tumor KB cells and also assessed the ability of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts to inhibit the oxidative damage. H2O2 imposed a stress on the membrane lipids which was quantified by the extent of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formed. The leaf extracts caused a very significant inhibition of the extent of LPO formation and enhanced the activity of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in KB cells. The comet assay was employed to study the DNA damage and its inhibition by the leaf extracts. H2O2 caused a significant increase in the number of cells bearing comets, resulting in significant DNA damage. The leaf extracts significantly reduced the incidence of comets in the oxidant stressed cells. The extent of cytotoxicity of H2O2 in the presence and the absence of leaf extracts studied in KB tumor cells by the MTT assay showed that H2O2 caused a marked decrease in the viability of KB cells where as the leaf extracts effectively increased the viability of assaulted KB cells. The observed cytoprotective activity is probably due to the antioxidant properties of its constituents, mainly phenolics. Total phenolics showed higher correlation with antioxidant activity. The leaf extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than the reference compound. These results suggest that the inhibition by the leaf extracts on oxidative DNA damage could be attributed to their free radical scavenging activities and the effect evidenced in KB cells can be in part correlated to a modulation of redox-sensitive mechanisms.

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