scholarly journals The Politics of LGBT Policy Adoption: Shibuya Ward's SameSex Partnership Certificates in the Japanese Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Takao
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Velasco

Abstract Despite years of success, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) norms are becoming increasingly polarized across the global landscape—with some countries strongly complying with new expectations while others openly defy them. To explain these divergent paths, I investigate the transmission of global LGBT norms via two mechanisms: transnational advocacy networks and foreign aid conditionalities. In examining LGBT policy adoption across 110 non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries between 1990 and 2016, I find evidence that the process through which states are exposed to LGBT norms can indeed help explain these different approaches. Exposure to LGBT norms through transnational advocacy networks enhances the effect of these norms and is associated with more progressive policy adoption, while greater dependence on foreign aid pushes states to reject LGBT norms. Consequently, this study provides new insights into how the mechanism through which countries are exposed to norms shapes compliance and adds new evidence questioning the effectiveness of foreign aid as a tool to advance LGBT rights.


2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.


2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hester S. van de Kuilen ◽  
Hulya Kosar Altinyelken ◽  
Joke M. Voogt ◽  
Wenceslas Nzabalirwa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Agrawal ◽  
Gregory A. Trandel

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0172865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Keller ◽  
Megan Crowley-Matoka ◽  
Jeremy D. Collins ◽  
Howard B. Chrisman ◽  
Magdy P. Milad ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document