Dynamics of Policy Adoption with State Dependence

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

Download Full-text

State-dependent signalling in queueing networks

Advances in Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/s0001867800026288 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 26 (02) ◽

pp. 436-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. Henderson ◽

B. S. Northcote ◽

P. G. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Queueing Networks ◽

State Dependence ◽

Product Form ◽

Batch Size ◽

Single Server ◽

Negative Customers ◽

Affect Control ◽

State Dependent ◽

Special Cases ◽

Equilibrium Distributions

It has recently been shown that networks of queues with state-dependent movement of negative customers, and with state-independent triggering of customer movement have product-form equilibrium distributions. Triggers and negative customers are entities which, when arriving to a queue, force a single customer to be routed through the network or leave the network respectively. They are ‘signals' which affect/control network behaviour. The provision of state-dependent intensities introduces queues other than single-server queues into the network. This paper considers networks with state-dependent intensities in which signals can be either a trigger or a batch of negative customers (the batch size being determined by an arbitrary probability distribution). It is shown that such networks still have a product-form equilibrium distribution. Natural methods for state space truncation and for the inclusion of multiple customer types in the network can be viewed as special cases of this state dependence. A further generalisation allows for the possibility of signals building up at nodes.

Download Full-text

Policy adoption of learner-centred pedagogy in Rwanda: A case study of its rationale and transfer mechanisms

International Journal of Educational Development ◽

10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.03.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hester S. van de Kuilen ◽

Hulya Kosar Altinyelken ◽

Joke M. Voogt ◽

Wenceslas Nzabalirwa

Keyword(s):

Policy Adoption ◽

Transfer Mechanisms

Download Full-text