Gender Reforms, Electoral Quotas, and Women's Political Representation in Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netina Tan
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Electoral Quotas

INTERPERSONAL TRUST AND CONFIDENCE IN LABOR UNIONS: THE CASE OF SOUTH KOREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-290
Author(s):  
Byunghwan Son
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Labor Politics ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
The Difference

AbstractHow do ordinary citizens view labor unions? The importance of public opinion about unions has rarely been highlighted in the contemporary literature on labor politics. Using five waves of the World Value Surveys on South Korea, this article suggests that public confidence in labor unions is significantly affected by individuals’ interpersonal trust, conditional on their perception of the political representation of labor. Unlike those with high levels of trust, low-trust individuals view unions as an agent seeking their exclusionary interests at the expense of the rest of the society. The difference between high- and low-trust individuals’ confidence in labor unions is more pronounced when a liberal, rather than a conservative, government is in power because of the public perception that labor interests are already well-represented by the liberal government and union functions are redundant in such a circumstances. The empirical findings are found robust to alternative theoretical arguments and empirical techniques.

scholarly journals Women's Transnational Activism, Norm Cascades, and Quota Adoption in The Developing World

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 458-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Swiss ◽  
Kathleen M. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Event History ◽  
Transnational Activism ◽  
Neighboring Country ◽  
Event History Modeling ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Electoral Quotas ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Beijing China

Electoral quotas are a key factor in increasing women's political representation in parliaments globally. Despite the strong effects of quotas, less attention has been paid to the factors that prompt countries to adopt electoral quotas across developing countries. This article employs event history modeling to analyze quota adoption in 134 developing countries from 1987 to 2012, focusing on quota type, transnational activism, and norm cascades. The article asks the following questions: (1) How might quota adoption differ according to quota type—nonparty versus party quotas? (2) How has the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China (Beijing 95), contributed to quota diffusion? (3) Do global, regional, or neighboring country effects contribute more to quota adoption? Results provide new evidence of how quota adoption processes differ according to quota type, the central role played by participation in Beijing 95, and how increased global counts contribute to faster nonparty quota adoption while increased neighboring country counts lead to faster to party quota adoption.

scholarly journals Women’s Transnational Activism, Norm Cascades, and Quota Adoption in the Developing World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Swiss ◽  
Kathleen M. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Event History ◽  
Transnational Activism ◽  
Neighboring Country ◽  
Event History Modeling ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Electoral Quotas ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Beijing China

Electoral quotas are a key factor in increasing women’s political representation in parliaments globally. Despite the strong effects of quotas, less attention has been paid to the factors that prompt countries to adopt electoral quotas across developing countries. This article employs event history modeling to analyze quota adoption in 134 developing countries from 1987 to 2012, focusing on quota type, transnational activism, and norm cascades. The article asks the following questions: (1) How might quota adoption differ according to quota type—nonparty versus party quotas? (2) How has the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China (Beijing 95), contributed to quota diffusion? (3) Do global, regional, or neighboring country effects contribute more to quota adoption? Results provide new evidence of how quota adoption processes differ according to quota type, the central role played by participation in Beijing 95, and how increased global counts contribute to faster nonparty quota adoption while increased neighboring country counts lead to faster to party quota adoption.

scholarly journals Representation and Forest Conservation: Evidence from India’s Scheduled Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorva Lal ◽  
Saad Gulzar ◽  
Ben Pasquale
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Electoral Quotas ◽  
The Impact

Can representative institutions improve environmental conservation? We study the impact of a 1996 law that created local government with electoral quotas for Scheduled Tribes, a historically marginalized and impoverished community of 100 million in India. Using difference-in-differences designs paired with remote sensing data on deforestation, we find that formal representation reduces the rate of deforestation by thirty percent. These effects are larger in villages close to mines, where representation likely lowered commercial extraction. Combining these findings with research that the same institutions improved economic outcomes, our results challenge the commonly held assumption that there must be a trade-off between development and protecting the environment. While conservation policy tends to comprise environmentally focused institutions, we suggest more attention be given to umbrella institutions, such as political representation, which can address conservation and development in tandem.

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