scholarly journals Diagnosis of testicular torsion using near infrared spectroscopy: A novel diagnostic approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Shadgan ◽  
Mehdi Fareghi ◽  
Lynn Stothers ◽  
Andrew Macnab ◽  
A.M. Kajbafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Acute Scrotum ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Nausea And Emesis ◽  
Testicular Ischemia

We report a case of testicular torsion in a 14-month old boy. Testicular ischemia was suspected based on history and clinical presentations. The patient was referred following 24 hours of left acute scrotum. Erythema, swelling and tenderness associated with nausea and emesis were present, but the patient was not febrile. We used a spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (SR-NIRS) device to study and compare the tissue saturation index (TSI) on both right and left spermatic cords. The TSI was significantly reduced in the left side. Both testicles were surgically explored and the left testis was found non-viable with a 1080-degree intravaginal torsion. NIRS monitoring of spermatic cord oxygen saturation appears feasible as a non-invasive bedside optical method to identify testicular torsion.

scholarly journals Tissue Oximeter with Selectable Measurement Depth Using Spatially Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5573
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Niwayama ◽  
Naoki Unno
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Phantom Experiment ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Measurement Depth

Tissue oxygenation sensing at a few millimeters deep is useful for surgical and postoperative management. However, the measurement sensitivity at each depth and the proper sensor combination have not been clarified. Here, the measurement characteristics of oximetry by spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation and phantom experiment. From summing the sensitivities of each depth, it was quantitatively found that the measurement sensitivity curve had a peak, and the measurement depth can be adjusted by combining the two distances between the light source and the detector. Furthermore, the gastric tissue was 10–20% smaller in terms of measurement depth than the skin-subcutaneous tissue. A miniaturized oximeter was prototyped so that it could be used in combination with an endoscope or laparoscope. The optical probes consisted of light emitting diodes with wavelengths of 770 nm and 830 nm and photodetectors located 3 to 30 mm from the light source. Phantom experiments using the probes demonstrated the tendency of theoretical analysis. These results suggest the possibility of measuring tissue oxygen saturation with a selectable measurement depth. This selectable method will be useful for obtaining oxygenation information at a depth of 2–5 mm, which is difficult to measure using only laparoscopic surface imaging.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: More Accurate Than Heart Rate for Monitoring Intensity in Running in Hilly Terrain

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis-Peter Born ◽  
Thomas Stöggl ◽  
Mikael Swarén ◽  
Glenn Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Hilly Terrain

Purpose:To investigate the cardiorespiratory and metabolic response of trail running and evaluate whether heart rate (HR) adequately reflects the exercise intensity or if the tissue-saturation index (TSI) could provide a more accurate measure during running in hilly terrain.Methods:Seventeen competitive runners (4 women, V̇O2max, 55 ± 6 mL · kg–1 · min–1; 13 men, V̇O2max, 68 ± 6 mL · kg–1 · min–1) performed a time trial on an off-road trail course. The course was made up of 2 laps covering a total distance of 7 km and included 6 steep uphill and downhill sections with an elevation gain of 486 m. All runners were equipped with a portable breath-by-breath gas analyzer, HR belt, global positioning system receiver, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device to measure the TSI.Results:During the trail run, the exercise intensity in the uphill and downhill sections was 94% ± 2% and 91% ± 3% of maximal heart rate, respectively, and 84% ± 8% and 68% ± 7% of V̇O2max, respectively. The oxygen uptake (V̇O2) increased in the uphill sections and decreased in the downhill sections (P < .01). Although HR was unaffected by the altering slope conditions, the TSI was inversely correlated to the changes in V̇O2 (r = –.70, P < .05).Conclusions:HR was unaffected by the continuously changing exercise intensity; however, TSI reflected the alternations in V̇O2. Recently used exclusively for scientific purposes, this NIRS-based variable may offer a more accurate alternative than HR to monitor running intensity in the future, especially for training and competition in hilly terrain.

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