19th-Century Slovenian Ethnographic Map of the Bulgarian Lands

Epohi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragomir Yordanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Bulgarian People

This article aims to examine and call more attention to an old, unduly disregarded ethnographic map from 1874, drafted by the Slovenian intellectual Maks Pleteršnik. The „Ethnographic Map of the Bulgarian Land“ outlines the territories across European Turkey populated by ethnic Bulgarians at the time. It is the first known ethnographic map authored by a non-Bulgarian to deal exclusively with the Bulgarian people, which makes it a document of particular importance. This article retraces the map‘s history in brief, elucidates the historical situation and the reasons for its drafting, and attempts to determine the sources used in its composition. The map is then subjected to an extensive analysis, with the goal of explicating its specific peculiarities as well as its shortcomings and virtues/ contributions. The book „Slovanstvo,“ wherein the map was first published as an appendix, is also given its due consideration. This article fills in a certain gap in research and hopefully will be of use not only to the scientific community, but a much wider readership as well.

scholarly journals The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Enrico Petrilli ◽  
Franca Beccaria
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Alcohol Issue ◽  
English Speaking

Petrilli, E., & Beccaria, F. (2015). The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 37-43. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.193Background: In recent years, English-speaking and Northern European alcohol researchers have turned a historical gaze towards their subject, and in particular have explored how a medical view attempted to describe and explain phenomena such as alcohol abuse and addiction. Although there was a heated and prolific debate in Italy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there are few historical studies of the first scholars’ thoughts on alcohol-related problems.Aims: The article depicts how the Italian scientific community interpreted and explained alcohol-related concerns following the emergence of the alcohol issue in the late 19th century. Specifically, the stances of the two main groups of scientists who dealt with the issue, the Positive School of Criminology and Legal Socialism, are examined.Method: The article is based on the materials collected by the Italian research group during a comparative study carried out as part of the ALICE RAP project. More than 40 books and five scientific journals were consulted.Results: Medical-related concerns were never predominant in the late 19th-century Italian debate on the alcohol question, but were addressed in the broader discussion of criminality, where positivists’ and legal socialists’ perspectives both focused mainly on social consequences, albeit with differing interpretations of causalities and remedies.

scholarly journals The Imperial Society of History and Russian Antiquities and its development of Bulgarian research

2020 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Marina M. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
National Service ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Bulgarian People ◽  
The Prestige

The article discusses the history of the Society of History and Russian Antiquities (SHRA,1804–1929), highlights its academic and publishing activities in the first half of the 19th century in relation to the study of Bulgarian issues. On the basis of this material it is concluded that the SHRA aimed at increasing the prestige and development of national historical academic research and contributed to the formation of an academic community of people passionate about the ideas of knowledge and national service: a “scholarly community”. Although Bulgarian research was not dominant in Slavic scholarship which was actively developed by the SHRA members from the 1830s, its emergence testified to increasing interest in the Bulgarian people. The work of the SHRA contributed to the accumulation of knowledge about and understanding of the Bulgarian people, their history and culture.

scholarly journals The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Enrico Petrilli ◽  
Franca Beccaria
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Alcohol Issue ◽  
English Speaking

Petrilli, E., & Beccaria, F. (2015). The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 37-43. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.193Background: In recent years, English-speaking and Northern European alcohol researchers have turned a historical gaze towards their subject, and in particular have explored how a medical view attempted to describe and explain phenomena such as alcohol abuse and addiction. Although there was a heated and prolific debate in Italy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there are few historical studies of the first scholars’ thoughts on alcohol-related problems.Aims: The article depicts how the Italian scientific community interpreted and explained alcohol-related concerns following the emergence of the alcohol issue in the late 19th century. Specifically, the stances of the two main groups of scientists who dealt with the issue, the Positive School of Criminology and Legal Socialism, are examined.Method: The article is based on the materials collected by the Italian research group during a comparative study carried out as part of the ALICE RAP project. More than 40 books and five scientific journals were consulted.Results: Medical-related concerns were never predominant in the late 19th-century Italian debate on the alcohol question, but were addressed in the broader discussion of criminality, where positivists’ and legal socialists’ perspectives both focused mainly on social consequences, albeit with differing interpretations of causalities and remedies.

scholarly journals The idea of Morava-Vardar water canal and its long-term geopolitical context

GeoScape ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Arsim Ejupi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Geopolitical Region ◽  
Water Canal ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze in chronological terms the idea for the construction of Morava-Vardar canal and the contemporary geopolitical consequences of this project along with its economic, environmental and social impacts. Through critical readings of different contributions and reports made by scientific community, other institutions and media we have presented the idea in chronological terms from the late years of the 19th century until recent years. Continental geographical position Serbs have, has always been considered as an obstacle for their overall development. Through participation in unsustainable geopolitical formations they have continuously managed to develop any kind of connections to the sea. Even though part of various political entities over the time the effort to reach the direct contact to the sea was not successful. For this reason, Serbs raised idea and developed a project to connect their continental state with the sea through construction of the Morava-Vardar water canal. Except economic and environmental consequences, construction of this canal would have geopolitical implications in Balkan Peninsula known as very unstable geopolitical region.

scholarly journals Standardised Metrics and Methods for Synthetic Tabular Data Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Hernandez ◽  
Gorka Epelde ◽  
Ane Alberdi ◽  
Rodrigo Cilla ◽  
Debbie Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Tabular Data ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Objective Metrics

Synthetic Tabular Data Generation (STDG) is a potentially valuable technology with great promise to augment real data and preserve privacy. However, prior to adoption, an empirical assessment of synthetic tabular data (STD) is required across the three dimensions of resemblance, utility, and privacy, trying to find a trade-off between them. A lack of standardised and objective metrics and methods has been found targeting this assessment in the literature and neither an organised pipeline or process for coordinating this evaluation has been identified. Therefore, in this work we propose a collection of metrics and methods to evaluate STD in the previously defined dimensions, presenting a meaningful orchestration of them and a pipeline unifying all of them. Additionally, we present a methodology to categorise STDG approaches performance for each dimension. Finally, we conducted an extensive analysis and evaluation to verify the usability of the proposed pipeline across six healthcare-related datasets, using four STDG approaches. The results of these analyses showed that the proposed pipeline can effectively be used to evaluate and benchmark the STD generated with one or more different STDG approaches, helping the scientific community to select the most suitable approaches for their data and application of interest.

The History and Sociology of the Scientific Study of Acupuncture

1975 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devra Lee Davis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Science History ◽  
Acupuncture Research ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although known to the medical community in some form since the 19th century, acupuncture is only recently receiving concerted researh attention from the conventional medical and scientific community. The overall amount of scientific acupuncture research has doubled since the mid 1960's. Employing the approaches of the science, history, sociology and social relations of science, this article explores factors which explain why the present time is conducive to acupuncture research by the scientific and medical community. Perhaps this study of scientific acupuncture research will provide the basis for a later theory of scientific development.

scholarly journals Adjusting Astronomical Practices: The “Carte du Ciel”, the democratic rules and the circulation of opinions at the end 19th century

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Jérôme Lamy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
International Committee ◽  
International Project ◽  
Operating Modes

AbstractLaunched in 1887, the “Carte du Ciel” was an international project aiming at photographing the entirety of the celestial vault. Tasks required for this huge undertaking were divided among 18 observatories around the globe. Instruments were standardized and a series of international conferences established operating modes and prescribed norms to be followed everywhere. In each observatory, however, the drive toward uniformity ran into a variety of minor technical and practical problems. In this paper, we examine the strategies mobilized by observers to tinker with stated rules and adapt them to their own experience as astronomers. To underscore the tension between normative prescriptions and individual practices, we consider the Bulletin of the Permanent International Committee for the execution of the Carte du Ciel as an informal forum where various queries raised and arrangements adopted were shared among the scientific community.

scholarly journals Standardised Metrics and Methods for Synthetic Tabular Data Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Hernandez ◽  
Gorka Epelde ◽  
Ane Alberdi ◽  
Rodrigo Cilla ◽  
Debbie Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Tabular Data ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Objective Metrics

Synthetic Tabular Data Generation (STDG) is a potentially valuable technology with great promise to augment real data and preserve privacy. However, prior to adoption, an empirical assessment of synthetic tabular data (STD) is required across the three dimensions of resemblance, utility, and privacy, trying to find a trade-off between them. A lack of standardised and objective metrics and methods has been found targeting this assessment in the literature and neither an organised pipeline or process for coordinating this evaluation has been identified. Therefore, in this work we propose a collection of metrics and methods to evaluate STD in the previously defined dimensions, presenting a meaningful orchestration of them and a pipeline unifying all of them. Additionally, we present a methodology to categorise STDG approaches performance for each dimension. Finally, we conducted an extensive analysis and evaluation to verify the usability of the proposed pipeline across six healthcare-related datasets, using four STDG approaches. The results of these analyses showed that the proposed pipeline can effectively be used to evaluate and benchmark the STD generated with one or more different STDG approaches, helping the scientific community to select the most suitable approaches for their data and application of interest.

The Conflict of Science and Religion: A Confusion Re-Visited

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Piatt ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Present View

From roughly the 16th century onwards, religiously oriented persons have engaged in what might appear to be a losing battle against the scientific community. With each new success of scientific explanation, religious traditionalists have been forced to either renounce or radically reinterpret doctrines which were previously regarded as "factual descriptions" of the way the world is. The situation just described has been changed by recent advances in the philosophy of science. The present view of the status of scientific explanation as found in such thinkers as Feyerabend, Goodman, and Von Fraasen is a far cry from the 17th-19th century respresentational realism. This raises the possibility that we need to reassess the relationship of religious assertions to scientific assertions.

scholarly journals Lake Managment in the Piebalga Region: Climate, Nature and Culture from the 1890s to Now

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 102-125
Author(s):  
Karlis Aleksandrs Konkovs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Environmental Management Practices ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Do So

There are many regions in Latvia with a long history and beautiful landscapes. However, of all the regions, the most beautiful landscapes and the richest culture are in the Piebalga region. Piebalga is located in the Vidzeme highlands, where the longest domestic river in Latvia, the Gauja, has its source. There are several counties in the Piebalga region, the most famous of which is Vecpiebalga, where two of the first Latvian writers were born, the Kaudzītes brothers, who are well-known for their novel The Surveyors’ Time, one of the first books written by Latvians. In this study, the culture, religion and environmental management practices of Piebalga during the 19th century were studied using an extensive analysis of historical literature about the region, and compared to Piebalga in the present, which was studied using case study research. During the research it was discovered that the main influences on Piebalga culture and environmental management practices have been the Hernhutian congregations who influences had shaped the local culture and continues to do so even after being effectively disbanded. It was also discovered that the municipalities in the region are less effective at monitoring lakes than they were during the 19th century due to lacking resources.

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