The Passages in the Caucasus and the Location of the Bulgarians

Epohi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhivko Voynikov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
North Ossetia

The Bulgarians appeared in the Caucasus in the 1st century AD or under the first rulers of the Arsacid dynasty in Armenia. Armenian chroniclers report that the “country of the Bulgarians” was situated in the gorges of the Caucasus. Some Syrian chroniclers note that the Bulgarians lived behind the Caspian Gates (e.g. Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor), while others (e.g. Michael the Syrian) claim that the Bulgarians/Puguri lived behind the Torah Gates, which got its name from the city of Caspia, nowadays the town of Kaspi in Georgia. Thus, it becomes clear that the Torah Gates of Michael the Syrian and the Caspian Gates of Pseudo-Zacharias are one and the same thing – the Darial Gorge. Due to superficial knowledge of the Caucasus’s historical geography, the Torah Gates are identified with the Chor/Tsor or Derbent Pass in historiography. The Chor Pass cannot be identified with Derbent, but with the Alazani Valley or Ptolemy’s Albanian Gates. The Ashkharatsuits (or “Ancient Armenian geography”) also reports that the Bulgarians lived in the Western Caucasus, or in the territories of modern Kabardino-Balkaria and North Ossetia.

On the History of the Anglo-Russian Confrontation in the Western Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Zalina V. Sosranova ◽  
Zalina M. Basieva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
European Continent ◽  
North West ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Xix Century

The article examines the scale and methods of the anti-Russian military-political activity of British emissaries in the Western Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the work the intelligence activity of British “traveling” agents in the Western Caucasus is subjected to a special study, as an independent, gaining strength way of fighting in international contradictions for the Caucasus. The relevance of the topic of the proposed article seems to us indisputable due to the incompleteness of international rivalry and the eternal Eastern question. Russian Empire in the late 20s — early 30s XIX century. took possession of all legal rights to the North-West Caucasus and outlets to the Black Sea. With its confident military successes and new territorial accessions, Russia threw a serious challenge to the European powers, and especially England, the dominant power on the European continent at that time. One of the most important tasks of England is to nullify all the achievements of Russia in Turkey and prevent its consolidation in the territory of the Western Caucasus. England, adhering to the favorite method of “raking in the heat with someone else’s hands”, and in Circassia is testing its effectiveness. Since the 30s. XIX century. Numerous British agents flooded the Caucasus, turning the Circassians against Russia. The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus has become a place of uninterrupted supply of weapons to the mountaineers. As a result of the work, the author comes to the conclusion that the sources considered in the work can represent a scientific basis for confirming the involvement of Britain in anti-Russian agitation in the Western Caucasus. The uninterrupted supply of weapons to the highlanders organized by British agents helped to maintain military tension and a fighting spirit in Circassia.

scholarly journals Estimation of long-term Ph changes in lakes of the Caucasus using a bioindication method based on diatomaceous analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Razumovskii ◽  
V. L. Razumovskii
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Hydrological Parameter

To analyze processes that may lead to long-term changes in pH, lake sediments from five small lakes in the Western and Central Caucasus were studied according to diatomaceous complexes from sediment cores. A proprietary principle of hydrological parameter unification was used to reconstruct numerical pH values. In isotopic dating experiments, a series of numerical pH values for 2000–130 years were generated for the lakes. These data indicate an absence of noticeable changes in pH in the lakes of the Western Caucasus and alkalization processes in the lakes of the Central Caucasus.

Mayflies of the Caucasus Mountains. I. A new species of the genus Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3222 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
PAVEL SROKA ◽  
ROMAN J. GODUNKO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Critical Characteristics ◽  
A New Species

Based on the material recently collected in the Western Caucasus Mts., Russian Federation, Electrogena gibedede sp. nov.,new species from the genus Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985 is described in detail. The morphological characteris-tics of the adults and larvae of the species are presented (adults of both sexes were reared from the larvae in the field). Thevariability of the species and critical characteristics distinguishing Electrogena gibedede sp. nov. from the remaining rep-resentatives of the genus (focusing mainly on Caucasian species) are described and discussed. In the description of thelarval morphology the standard set of diagnostic characteristics is used. Larval biology and habitat preferences are mentioned. An overview of the present state of knowledge of Electrogena species known from the Caucasus Mts. is provided.

Shugo: A Mud-Volcano in the Western Caucasus. With a theory of the origin of mud-volcanoes and their significance with regard to oil-production

1928 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Taman Peninsula ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
South West ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Kuban River ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

In the summer of 1915 I had occasion to visit some of the oilfields of the Western Caucasus, with the view of locating new oil-wells. During my study of the geology of the petroliferous areas on the northern slope of the Caucasus I was able to ride to the Shugo crater, the easternmost of the mud-volcanoes of the Taman peninsula. This crater is situated on the watershed between the Shugo and Chekups Rivers, about five miles south-west of the village Varen-nikovsk. From a distance, as I rode uphill from the wide, alluvial plain of the Kuban River, the picturesque and well-wooded foothills did not disclose any semblance of a mud-volcano, but on climbing the southern slope of the hill, a most unsuspected and striking view was suddenly revealed. Here at my feet lay a nearly perfect crater, about ¾ mile in diameter (Pl. XXI, Fig. 1).

Theodosian Town Governor Semen Mikhailovich Bronevsky: New Documents for the Biography

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Irina Tunkina
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Taman Peninsula ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

According to archival documents, the biography of the Theodosian town governor (1810—1816), state councilor Semen Bronevsky, in whose house Pushkin and Raevsky stayed in 1820, was reconstructed. The stages of his military and civil service, the circumstances of disgrace and resignation were traced. Bronevsky is the author of books and notes on the history of Russian-Caucasian relations of the 16th — 19th centuries, which had a significant impact on the works of A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov devoted to the Caucasus and all subsequent historiography of Caucasian studies. As the town governor of Theodosia, Bronevsky did a lot for the improvement of the city, initiated the creation of the first municipal archaeological museum in the Russian Empire — the Theodosia Museum of Antiquities (1811) and the first excavations by the «father of Bosporan archeology» Paul Dubrux in the Eastern Crimea and on the Taman Peninsula.

TAXONOMY AND KEYS FOR DETERMINING SPORE PLANTS OF THE WESTERN CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
S.A. Litvinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
First Time

For the first time, an attempt was made to make a taxonomic classification of vascular spore Lyco-phytes and Pteridophytes of the Western Caucasus based on published phylogenetic data. The pro-posed classification of vascular spores represents a modern approach to the allocation of taxa of different ranks, which is based on monophilia as the main criterion. The article analyzes the incon-sistency of information about pteridoflora according to the data of floral reports for the Caucasus and the region. The summary of spore vascular plants of the Western Caucasus is represented by 2 monophyletic classes, 7 monophyletic orders, 11 families, 31 genera and 74 species. Keys for defining families, subfamilies, genera, and species are provided. The problem is considered Pteridium aquilinum and Pteridium tauricum. New taxa are given: Pteridium pinetorum C. N. Page et Mill, Pteridium aquilinum subsp. brevipes, Dryopteris caucasica, Dryopteris pseudorigida (Christ.) A. Askerov, Dryopteris remota (A. Br. ex Döll) Druce.

scholarly journals The millipede genus Leucogeorgia Verhoeff, 1930 in the Caucasus, with descriptions of eleven new species, erection of a new monotypic genus and notes on the tribe Leucogeorgiini (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Ž. Antić ◽  
Hans S. Reip
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
New Material ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The Caucasian leucogeorgiinine genera Archileucogeorgia Lohmander, 1936 and Leucogeorgia Verhoeff, 1930 are revised, with Leucogeorgia being considered as a senior subjective synonym of Archileucogeorgia, syn. nov. The following new combinations are thus warranted: Leucogeorgia abchasica (Lohmander, 1936) and L. satunini (Lohmander, 1936), both comb. nov. ex Archileucogeorgia. All four previously described species, viz., L. longipes Verhoeff, 1930, L. abchasica, L. satunini and L. rediviva Golovatch, 1983, are redescribed based on new material, partly also on the type series, with a lectotype being designated for L. longipes. In addition, eleven new species of Leucogeorgia are described, both with normal (L. borealis sp. nov., L. gioi sp. nov., L. golovatchi sp. nov., L. lobata sp. nov., L. oculata sp. nov. and L. prometheus sp. nov.) and modified mouthparts (L. caudata sp. nov., L. mystax sp. nov., L. profunda sp. nov., L. redivivoides sp. nov. and L. turbanovi sp. nov., all clearly troglobionts). Additionally, a new monotypic genus, Martvilia gen. nov., is erected, with M. parva gen. et sp. nov. as the type species, another presumed troglobiont. An identification key to both genera and all 16 species of Caucasian Leucogeorgiini is presented. Several other members of this tribe are also re-examined, including a syntype male of Telsonius nycteridonis Strasser, 1976, from Greece, herewith designated as the lectotype. Troglomorphisms and mouthpart modifications, as well as the distributions and relationships within both Leucogeorgia and Leucogeorgiini, and a Leucogeorgiini species richness estimate for the western Caucasus are discussed.

To the hepatic flora of the Sochi National Park (Western Caucasus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Konstantinova ◽  
A. N. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
European Species ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Data Book ◽  
First Time

The annotated list of hepatics of the Sochi National Park includes 80 taxa. It is based on literature records and identification of 250 specimens collected by the authors. Scapania obcordata (Berggr.) S. W. Arnell and Calypogeia fissa (L.) Raddi var. intermedia (C. E. O. Jensen) Jorg. are new for the Caucasus, 17 taxa are new for Krasnodar Territory, 41 hepatics are reported for the first time for the park. New localities of 3 red-listed European species and of 6 species included in the Red Data Book of Krasnodar Territory are cited, indicating significant conservation value of the reserve.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

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