scholarly journals Estimation of long-term Ph changes in lakes of the Caucasus using a bioindication method based on diatomaceous analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Razumovskii ◽  
V. L. Razumovskii
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Hydrological Parameter

To analyze processes that may lead to long-term changes in pH, lake sediments from five small lakes in the Western and Central Caucasus were studied according to diatomaceous complexes from sediment cores. A proprietary principle of hydrological parameter unification was used to reconstruct numerical pH values. In isotopic dating experiments, a series of numerical pH values for 2000–130 years were generated for the lakes. These data indicate an absence of noticeable changes in pH in the lakes of the Western Caucasus and alkalization processes in the lakes of the Central Caucasus.

On the History of the Anglo-Russian Confrontation in the Western Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Zalina V. Sosranova ◽  
Zalina M. Basieva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
European Continent ◽  
North West ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Xix Century

The article examines the scale and methods of the anti-Russian military-political activity of British emissaries in the Western Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the work the intelligence activity of British “traveling” agents in the Western Caucasus is subjected to a special study, as an independent, gaining strength way of fighting in international contradictions for the Caucasus. The relevance of the topic of the proposed article seems to us indisputable due to the incompleteness of international rivalry and the eternal Eastern question. Russian Empire in the late 20s — early 30s XIX century. took possession of all legal rights to the North-West Caucasus and outlets to the Black Sea. With its confident military successes and new territorial accessions, Russia threw a serious challenge to the European powers, and especially England, the dominant power on the European continent at that time. One of the most important tasks of England is to nullify all the achievements of Russia in Turkey and prevent its consolidation in the territory of the Western Caucasus. England, adhering to the favorite method of “raking in the heat with someone else’s hands”, and in Circassia is testing its effectiveness. Since the 30s. XIX century. Numerous British agents flooded the Caucasus, turning the Circassians against Russia. The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus has become a place of uninterrupted supply of weapons to the mountaineers. As a result of the work, the author comes to the conclusion that the sources considered in the work can represent a scientific basis for confirming the involvement of Britain in anti-Russian agitation in the Western Caucasus. The uninterrupted supply of weapons to the highlanders organized by British agents helped to maintain military tension and a fighting spirit in Circassia.

Mayflies of the Caucasus Mountains. I. A new species of the genus Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3222 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
PAVEL SROKA ◽  
ROMAN J. GODUNKO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Critical Characteristics ◽  
A New Species

Based on the material recently collected in the Western Caucasus Mts., Russian Federation, Electrogena gibedede sp. nov.,new species from the genus Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985 is described in detail. The morphological characteris-tics of the adults and larvae of the species are presented (adults of both sexes were reared from the larvae in the field). Thevariability of the species and critical characteristics distinguishing Electrogena gibedede sp. nov. from the remaining rep-resentatives of the genus (focusing mainly on Caucasian species) are described and discussed. In the description of thelarval morphology the standard set of diagnostic characteristics is used. Larval biology and habitat preferences are mentioned. An overview of the present state of knowledge of Electrogena species known from the Caucasus Mts. is provided.

The Great Caucasus alpine belt syntaxonomy. Alpine meadows with restricted distribution

2001 ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Korotkov ◽  
E. A. Belonovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Alpine Meadows ◽  
Alpine Belt ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Fruticose Lichen ◽  
Perennial Herbs

Alpine meadows with prevalence of perennial herbs and grasses and alpine fruticose-lichen heaths are widespread within the Great Caucasus alpine belt, 2400—3200 m above the sea level. The association Hedysaro hedysaroidis—Campanuletum collinae is met in the Western and Central Caucasus. The associations Alopecuro dasyanthi—Asteretum alpini, transitional to scree vegetation, and Nardo stricti—Geranietum gymnocauli, with some features of the alpine carpet-like communities, are common in the Western Caucasus. The last association can be divided into the 2 subassociations, N. —G. festucetosum variae and N.—G. cetrarietosum purpurascentis. The association Polygono vivipari—Kobresietum bellardii is restricted to the Central Caucasus. The association Potentiletum crantzii with the two subassociations P. c. vaccinietosum myrtilli and P. c. kobresietosum simpliciusculae and also the association Alchemillo sericeae—Caricetum umbrosae are common for the Eastern Caucasus. The third east-caucasian association, Astragaletum incerti, is specific for this region; it is met only on the extreme South of the high-mountainous Dagestan. The syntaxonomical differentiation between west- and central-caucasian associations is more distinct. Whereas the eastern ones are less differentiated both from each other and from the neighbouring vegetation type, the alpine carpet-like meadows. This could be explained by means of the hypothesis of continental fusion of syntaxa. All the above-mentioned associations are combined into the novel Caucasian alliance Alchemillo caucasicae—Campanulion tridentatae which is assigned to the European class Juncetea trifidi and the order Caricetalia curvulae.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF EXTREME EXOGENIC PROCESSES IN THE ALIBEK VALLEY (WESTERN CAUCASUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-436
Author(s):  
Vadim Karavaev ◽  
Alla Voskova ◽  
Anatoly Gorbunov ◽  
Olga Bykovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Glacier Melting ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

In the mountains, special types of geosystems are formed, whose origins are attributable to exogenic processes - debris flows, avalanches, landslides, etc. Since 2009, a regular survey of key objects and centers of heterogeneous extreme process development has been carried out for their identification and monitoring in the Central Caucasus (the Cherek- Balkarsky basin). To obtain a more complete picture of their course in the Northern Caucasus as a whole, and to track that cycle, the authors considered it expedient, beginning in 2021, to monitor also the Western Caucasus, the area of Teberda and Dombai. The article analyzes the results of expeditionary observations, as well as meteorological indicators that affect the course of extreme exogenic processes, their derivatives for 2020 and for the first eight months of 2021, from the Teberda and Terskol meteorological observatories.On the left side of the Alibek River valley, the predominant processes are talus and, to a lesser extent, avalanches. That side has a southern exposure and is arid relative to the right, northern one. On the one hand, moisture is insufficient for the successful formation of debris flows; on the other hand, sparse vegetation in the upper parts of the slope and the lower upper border of the forest do not inhibit exogenous processes.Air temperatures in Teberda are 4-5°C lower than in Balkaria. This contributes to the reduction of glacier melting, inhibiting exogenic processes. Higher moisture and the lack of grazing contribute to the formation of rich and dense vegetation, with a similar effect. This factor neutralizes the more active than in the Central Caucasus, frost weathering and high saltitudes, contributing to a higher rate of mobility of both water and debris.

The Passages in the Caucasus and the Location of the Bulgarians

Epohi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhivko Voynikov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
North Ossetia

The Bulgarians appeared in the Caucasus in the 1st century AD or under the first rulers of the Arsacid dynasty in Armenia. Armenian chroniclers report that the “country of the Bulgarians” was situated in the gorges of the Caucasus. Some Syrian chroniclers note that the Bulgarians lived behind the Caspian Gates (e.g. Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor), while others (e.g. Michael the Syrian) claim that the Bulgarians/Puguri lived behind the Torah Gates, which got its name from the city of Caspia, nowadays the town of Kaspi in Georgia. Thus, it becomes clear that the Torah Gates of Michael the Syrian and the Caspian Gates of Pseudo-Zacharias are one and the same thing – the Darial Gorge. Due to superficial knowledge of the Caucasus’s historical geography, the Torah Gates are identified with the Chor/Tsor or Derbent Pass in historiography. The Chor Pass cannot be identified with Derbent, but with the Alazani Valley or Ptolemy’s Albanian Gates. The Ashkharatsuits (or “Ancient Armenian geography”) also reports that the Bulgarians lived in the Western Caucasus, or in the territories of modern Kabardino-Balkaria and North Ossetia.

Long-term changes in the water quality of a deep temperate oligotrophic lake in response to catchment disturbance: evidence from sediment cores

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Theodore N. K. Kpodonu ◽  
David P. Hamilton ◽  
Christopher H. Lusk ◽  
Adam Hartland ◽  
Daniel C. Laughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Catchment Disturbance ◽  
Long Term Changes

scholarly journals Morphometry of the relief and debris flow features on the northern slope of the Great Caucasus

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-442
Author(s):  
V. A. Karavaev ◽  
S. S. Seminozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus

The morphometric indicators of the relief significantly affect the debris flow features in the mountains. The key characteristics are the angles of inclination and height, and when considering heights in the first place we pay attention not to their absolute values, but to the nature of the distribution. In the presented study, the analysis of the numerical values of these two indicators for the Western, Central and Eastern Caucasus was carried out on the basis of the original digital model of the relief. The average value of the tilt angles in the Western Caucasus is 0,5° more than in the Central and Eastern, which contributes to more active debris flows. On the other hand, the Western Caucasus is distinguished by smaller elevation differences. From the position of this factor, the Central Caucasus is the most dangerous. Thus, the nature of the distribution of absolute altitudes, along with high forestation, neutralizes the factor of more significant angles of inclination of surfaces and causes less debris flow danger in the Western Caucasus relative to the Central and Eastern.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE PRESIPITATION AT THE BLACK SEA COAST OF THE CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
A.V. Parfenova ◽  
◽  
L.V. Dashkevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Sea Coast

Long-term changes in the amount of precipitation on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus according to data of the hydro-meteorological stations Anapa, Tuapse and Sochi are considered. The observation data analysis of for the selected periods revealed an increase in the average yearly precipitation from the beginning of the twentieth to the beginning of the twenty-first centuries for all hydro-meteorological stations with a slight decrease in the coefficient of variation. Seasonal changes in precipitation regime are pronounced in the region. The highest increase in seasonal precipitation was noted at the Anapa hydro-meteorological station for winter, then for spring and autumn. At the Tuapse and Sochi hydro-meteorological stations also tended to increase precipitation in spring and autumn, but was noted a slight decrease in winter in the modern period. At the same time, for all seasons such growth is provided mainly by an increase in the minimum seasonal values (for all stations), as well as maximum ones in spring (for all stations) and autumn (hydro-meteorological station Anapa). In modern period relative to the twentieth century it is possible to note a slight decrease in the coefficient of variation in winter and spring (for all hydro-meteorological stations), and an increase in summer (for hydro-meteorological stations Anapa and Tuapse). The redistribution of precipitation by seasons was revealed from the beginning of the twentieth to the beginning of the twentyfirst centuries. The most significant changes affected the hydro-meteorological station Tuapse: the share of autumn and spring precipitation increased from 25 to 31 % and from 18 to 22 %, respectively, while the share of summer precipitation decreased from 26 to 18 %. The share of winter precipitation increased from the first to the third selected periods (from 30 to 35 %), after which it decreased to 29 % in the modern period.

Comparative Evaluation of the Stability of the Brown Forest Soils of Crimea and the Caucasus to Pollution with Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
S.I. Kolesnikov ◽  
D.I. Moshchenko ◽  
A.A. Kuzina ◽  
T.A. Ter-Misakyants ◽  
E.N. Nevedomyaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

This article assesses the resistance of brown forest soils of the Republic of Crimea, the Western and Central Caucasus to pollution by lead, chromium, nickel, and copper, and develops regional maximum permissible concentrations of these heavy metals. Soil contamination was modeled under laboratory conditions. Heavy metals were added in the form of oxides. Soil stability assessment was carried out by biological indicators. The brown forest soil of the Republic of Crimea proved to be the most resistant to pollution. The higher stability of the brown forest soils of the Western Caucasus relative to similar soils of the Central Caucasus, apparently, is determined by the higher content of organic matter in them, despite their lower acidity. Heavy metals formed the following series in terms of ecotoxicity for brown forest soils: Cr> Cu ≥ Ni ≥ Pb. The values of regional maximum permissible concentrations of lead, chromium, nickel and copper in the brown forest soils of the Crimea, Central and Western Caucasus are proposed.

Shugo: A Mud-Volcano in the Western Caucasus. With a theory of the origin of mud-volcanoes and their significance with regard to oil-production

1928 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Taman Peninsula ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
South West ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Kuban River ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

In the summer of 1915 I had occasion to visit some of the oilfields of the Western Caucasus, with the view of locating new oil-wells. During my study of the geology of the petroliferous areas on the northern slope of the Caucasus I was able to ride to the Shugo crater, the easternmost of the mud-volcanoes of the Taman peninsula. This crater is situated on the watershed between the Shugo and Chekups Rivers, about five miles south-west of the village Varen-nikovsk. From a distance, as I rode uphill from the wide, alluvial plain of the Kuban River, the picturesque and well-wooded foothills did not disclose any semblance of a mud-volcano, but on climbing the southern slope of the hill, a most unsuspected and striking view was suddenly revealed. Here at my feet lay a nearly perfect crater, about ¾ mile in diameter (Pl. XXI, Fig. 1).

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