Beyond the Motherhood Penalty: Does Degree of Caregiving Responsibility Affect Job Discrimination?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 18538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Henle ◽  
Gwenith Fisher ◽  
Victoria Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Motherhood Penalty ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
Caregiving Responsibility

Eldercare and Childcare: How Does Caregiving Responsibility Affect Job Discrimination?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Henle ◽  
Gwenith G. Fisher ◽  
Jean McCarthy ◽  
Mark A. Prince ◽  
Victoria P. Mattingly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Discrimination ◽  
Caregiving Responsibility

scholarly journals Is There a Motherhood Penalty in Academia? The Gendered Effect of Children on Academic Publications in German Sociology

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lutter ◽  
Martin Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Publication Output ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
Motherhood Penalty ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Curriculum Vitae ◽  
Successful Women ◽  
German Sociology ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Based on data that tracks curriculum vitae (CV) and publication records as well as survey information from sociologists in German academia, we examine the effects of parenthood on the publication output of male and female academics that were present in German universities or research institutes in the year 2013. Results indicate that having children leads to a significant decline in the number of publications by women on average, while not affecting the number of publications by men. However, the gendered effect of children on productivity hardly mitigates differences in publication output between men and women, as women still publish about 20 per cent less than men after controlling for the adverse effects of children on productivity. The gendered effect of childbearing depends partly on prior levels of women’s academic achievements, suggesting a mechanism of performance-driven self-selection. Lower-performing women tend to suffer a stronger motherhood penalty than better performing women, while the publication output of successful women (who have been granted academic awards) is not reduced through childbirth. The results indicate that women are better at managing the ‘double burden’ of kids and career if external, award-giving committees have bestowed prestige upon them or indicated their potential for a scientific career.

Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Philip Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
And Gender

This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.

scholarly journals Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley J. Correll ◽  
Stephen Benard ◽  
In Paik
Keyword(s):  
Motherhood Penalty

Challenges and Opportunities From COVID-19 vis-à-vis Informal Cross-Border Women Entrepreneurs Scenario in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Mufaro Dzingirai ◽  
Munyaradzi Chagwesha ◽  
Florence Mudzurandende
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Liquidity Crisis ◽  
Caregiving Responsibility

Although entrepreneurship is widely accepted as a driver of economic development and growth across the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic and several lockdowns have created a unique situation in the entrepreneurship discourse. Accordingly, this chapter aims at providing empirical evidence on the challenges and opportunities emanating from COVID-19 within the context of informal cross-border women entrepreneurs. This study establishes five challenges, namely, business closures, caregiving responsibility, the decline in demand, shortage of goods, and liquidity crisis. Moreover, it also establishes digital marketing and business networks as opportunities. The recommendations to deal with these challenges are proffered and the suggestions for further study are captured.

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