scholarly journals Selected Aspects of the Semantics and Syntax of De-verbal Nominalizations in English, Polish and Irish

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 157-182
Author(s):  
Maria Bloch-Trojnar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Nouns ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Formal Derivation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Functional Complexity ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Semantic Properties

Bearing in mind the formal and functional complexity of the category of verbal nouns in Irish (henceforth VNs), it is not surprising that it continues to be the subject of intensive research. Much has been written on the syntax of VNs proper, i.e. verbal nouns employed in participle and infinitive constructions, and linguists are so absorbed in the debate about whether to regard them as nouns or verbs (e.g. McCloskey (1983) and Duffield (1995) are representatives of the two opposing views), that the area of de-verbal nominalizations has been neglected. This paper is meant as a modest attempt to amend this situation and present some aspects of their syntax, semantics and formal derivation. In the course of our discussion we will raise the following issues. First, we will concentrate on their argument taking properties. We will try to find out whether the binary distinction process vs. result nominals (which is considered in all studies of nominalizations) can be found in nominals derived from transitive and intransitive verbs alike. Most studies of nominalizations (Rozwadowska (1997) being a notable exception) disregard or openly exclude intransitives from the scope of their interest. Secondly, we will also consider two alternative views on the process of nominalization i.e. whether to treat result nominals as products of semantic drift (as does e.g. Malicka-Kleparska (1988)) or as products of a separate derivational process producing countable nominalizations (cf. a similar analysis proposed for English in Bloch-Trojnar (2007)). The syntactic and semantic properties of nominalizations in Irish will be compared to their Polish and English opposite numbers. Finally, we will also consider their morphophonological exponents and argue that the model of LMBM developed by Beard (1995), which separates the formal and syntactico-semantic facets of derivation, is best equipped to account for the data in question.

scholarly journals The category of number in Latin: meanings of the plural with verbal nouns

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveling Garzón Fontalvo
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Verbal Nouns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Functional Complexity

AbstractThis paper deals with the category of number in Latin, specifically with the different meanings of the plural with verbal nouns. In the first section, I establish a reference framework on the concept of number, and in particular the so-called “number anomalies”. The second part of the paper addresses the functional complexity of the category of number itself, so it presents and exemplifies the four different meanings of plural forms with verbal nouns and explains them in light of the concepts of prototype and recategorization. The third section aims to identify the factors yielding a determined plural reading; in this way, I explain the connection between some meanings of the plural and the types of events that verbal nouns describe. Lastly, in the final section, I discuss the main results of this study.

scholarly journals Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margy Alejandra Esparza Mora ◽  
Alzimiro Marcelo Conteiro Castilho ◽  
Marcelo Elias Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Infection Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic fungi are important biological control agents throughout the world, have been the subject of intensive research for more than 100 years, and can occur at epizootic or enzootic levels in their host populations. Their mode of action against insects involves attaching a spore to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, penetration of the cuticle, and dissemination inside the insect. Strains of entomopathogenic fungi are concentrated in the following orders: Hypocreales (various genera), Onygenales (Ascosphaera genus), Entomophthorales, and Neozygitales (Entomophthoromycota).

scholarly journals SYSTEM OF DERIVATIONAL CHAINS IN RUSSIAN NOUNS: LINGUISTIC AND METHODICAL ASPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Subbotina ◽  
Venera G. Fatkhutdinova ◽  
Elena I. Koriakowcewa
Keyword(s):  
Language Teaching ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Active Perception ◽  
Systemic Organization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
The Russian Language

The article describes the phenomenon of consistent derivation of words. The concept "word-forming chain" is used for its description in Russian linguistics. The subject of the study is the word-forming chains of nouns as a methodologically relevant means of language teaching. The purpose of the work is to characterize the structural and semantic properties of word-forming chains in the sphere of Russian nouns and to reveal the ways of their systematization. The presentation and the description of derivative groups forming word-building chains is carried out using the system-structural and functional-semantic methods. The study found that the typology of the substantive word-building chains of the Russian language is based on their system-structural reproducibility. The system is formed by binary and polynomial, linear and annular, complete and incomplete chains, as well as the chains that include monomotivated and poly-motivated derivatives. It is proved that the word-forming chain is one of the ways to cognize the systemic organization of the language word-forming level, the morphemic structure of derived words, the idiomatic nature of their semantics, and the linguocultural specifics of linguistic nomination.The purposeful methodical work on the study of consistent derivation as a language phenomenon promotes an active perception of many lexical and grammatical phenomena, as well as the development of the necessary skills of Russian derivative use in speech practice

scholarly journals The subject, it is here! The varying structural positions of preverbal subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (spe) ◽  
pp. 113-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acrisio Pires
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Variable Binding ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bare Nouns ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Structural Positions

This paper analyzes preverbal overt subjects, comparing Brazilian Portuguese to (other) null-subject languages, especially within Romance. It explores syntactic and semantic properties, including resumption, ellipsis, quantifiers and scope, variable binding, ordering restrictions, pronominal distinctions, minimality violations, bare nouns and definiteness. It concludes that preverbal subjects in Brazilian Portuguese can be realized both in argumental positions (Specifier of the Inflectional or Tense Phrase) and non-argumental positions (Topic Phrase specifiers), with the possibility that both types of positions are filled by the subject in the same clause, incorporating properties that have been argued not to be found together in other languages.

Borrowing non-canonical inverse between Kabardian and Abaza

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Peter M. Arkadiev
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
First Person ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Person Hierarchy ◽  
Distant Relative

Abaza, a polysynthetic ergative Northwest Caucasian language, shares with its neighbour and distant relative Kabardian a typologically peculiar use of the deictic directional prefixes monitoring the relative ranking of the subject and indirect object on the person hierarchy. In both languages, the cislocative (‘hither’) prefixes are used if the indirect object outranks the subject on the person hierarchy, and the translocative (‘thither’) prefixes are used in combinations of first person subjects with second person singular indirect objects. This pattern, reminiscent of the more familiar inverse marking and hence called ‘quasi-inverse’, is observed with ditransitive and bivalent intransitive verbs and is almost fully redundant, since all participants are unequivocally indexed on verbs by pronominal prefixes. I argue that this isogloss, shared by West Circassian (a close relative to Kabardian) but not with Abkhaz, the sister-language of Abaza, is a result of pattern replication under intense language contact, which has led to an increase of both paradigmatic and syntagmatic complexity of Abaza verbal morphology.

Linguistic intuitions again

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Michael Devitt
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Empirical Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structural Descriptions ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Linguistic Intuitions

Linguistics takes speakers’ intuitions about the syntactic and semantic properties of their language as good evidence for a theory of that language. Why are these intuitions good evidence? The received Chomskyan answer is that they are the product of an underlying linguistic competence. In Devitt’s Ignorance of Language, this Voice of Competence answer (VoC) was criticized and an alternative view, according to which intuitions are empirical theory-laden central-processor responses to phenomena, was defended. After summarizing this position, the chapter responds to Steven Gross and Georges Rey, who defend VoC. It argues that they have not provided the sort of empirically based details that make VoC worth pursuing. In doing so, it emphasizes two distinctions: (1) between the intuitive behavior of language processing and the intuitive judgments that are the subject of VoC; and (2) between the possible roles of structural descriptions in language processing and in providing intuitions.

Méthode D'analyse des Connecteurs du Français en Vue D'un Traitement Automatique

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Renata Kozlowska-Heuchin
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Semantic Typology ◽  
Semantic Properties

The subject of this article is the analysis of clauses of aim, cause, consequence and condition in French in view to the automatic processing. Our theoretical framework is that of lexicon-grammar. This study differs from the usual grammatical analyses. Here, the complex sentence is studied on the model of the simple sentence, defined as an operator accompanied by its arguments. The conjunctive phrase is our starting point for this study, and it is then shown that the noun around which it is formed, is of predicative type and has the main clause and the subordinate as arguments. This is a predicate «of second order». Automatic processing requires extremely accurate notation of syntactic and semantic properties if ambiguity and polysemy are to be correctly handled. Those descriptions based on syntactico-semantic features are insufficient, which is why the concept of « class of objects » is brought in. There are as many types of relations as there are semantic types of predicate. This is the reason why a semantic typology of predicates is sketched out, integrating lexical, syntactic and semantic components. It is shown that each semantic type can have its own appropriate lexical means of expression and specific syntactic behaviour.

The Local Economic Impact of Construction Projects in a Small and Relatively Self-contained Economy

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Armstrong ◽  
J. Darrall ◽  
R. Grove-White
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Capital Construction

Whilst the local multiplier impacts of the annual operation of universities has been the subject of intensive research, the economic impacts of capital construction projects have been almost completely ignored. This paper presents the results of detailed analysis of capital projects at Lancaster University in 1993- The reasons for the radically different annual operation and construction multipliers estimated in the Lancaster study are examined. Despite the smaller size of construction multipliers it is argued that it is a serious mistake to estimate local construction multipliers by making simplifying assumptions on the size of the key parameters in the multiplier equations.

scholarly journals Francis Hugh Adam Marshall, 1878-1949

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

F. H. A. Marshall was born at High Wycombe on 11 July 1878, the fifth child and fifth son of Thomas Marshall, J.P., and Mary ( Lucas) Marshall of that town. He died in Cambridge on 5 February 1949, following an emergency operation for appendicitis. He had suffered from indifferent health at several periods of his life, but his death was unexpected and came as a sad blow to his many pupils and colleagues. Marshall did not marry and his brothers had no children; he leaves no surviving near relatives except an elder brother. Marshall’s name must always be associated with the study of the physiology of reproduction. At the present time, reproduction in all its aspects is the subject of intensive research in every part of the world, and recent discoveries loom large. It is well, therefore, to recall that forty years ago Marshall was outstanding among the pioneers who were laying the foundations of what is now a major preoccupation of biologists. The development of present knowledge was influenced decisively by Marshall’s inspired perspicacity, and the writer is honoured to record, for new generations of biologists, the achievement and distinction of his one-time tutor.

Une Analyse des Fonctions Syntaxiques des Compléments Dans des Phrases Allemandes

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
André Kempe
Keyword(s):  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Properties

Our algorithm of syntax analysis uses a verb table to find the subject and the objects in German sentences. This table contains information about the preposition, the case and some semantic properties of the subject and objects of each of the verbs therein listed. The topic of this article is the analysis of the functions of the remaining phrases which are complements. The emphasis is put on nominal and pronominal phrases, since analysis of the adverbial ones (composed of a simple adverb and perhaps a prepositional group) is simple. We examine as example the functions of phrases with the preposition mit (with).

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