scholarly journals Sedative Regimens for Pediatric patients undergoing Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Roshan Radhakrishnan ◽  
Shubhada Aphale ◽  
Manjula Shantaram
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

scholarly journals Utility of Early Screening Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Extensive Hip Osteonecrosis in Pediatric Patients Treated With Glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue C. Kaste ◽  
Deqing Pei ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Michael D. Neel ◽  
W. Paul Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Hip Osteonecrosis ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Screening Sensitivity

Purpose Hip osteonecrosis frequently complicates treatment with glucocorticoids. When extensive (affecting ≥ 30% of the epiphyseal surface), 80% of joints collapse within 2 years, so interventions are needed to prevent this outcome. Patients and Methods This prospective cohort magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening study included all consecutive children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia on a single protocol. Hip MRI was performed at 6.5 and 9 months from diagnosis (early screening) and at completion of chemotherapy (final evaluation) to determine whether screening could identify extensive hip osteonecrosis before symptom development. Results Of 498 patients, 462 underwent screening MRI. Extensive asymptomatic osteonecrosis was identified by early screening in 26 patients (41 hips); another four patients (seven hips) were detected after the screening period, such that screening sensitivity was 84.1% and specificity was 99.4%. The number of joints screened to detect one lesion was 20.1 joints for all patients, 4.4 joints for patients older than 10 years, and 198 joints for patients ≤ 10 years old (P < .001). Of the 40 extensive lesions in patients older than 10 years, 19 required total hip arthroplasty and none improved. Of eight extensive lesions in younger patients, none required arthroplasty and four improved. Conclusion In patients age 10 years old or younger who require prolonged glucocorticoid therapy, screening for extensive hip osteonecrosis is unnecessary because their risk is low and lesions tend to heal. In children older than 10 years, early screening successfully identifies extensive asymptomatic lesions in patients who would be eligible for studies of interventions to prevent or delay joint collapse.

scholarly journals Premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine decreases barbiturate requirement in pediatric patients sedated for magnetic resonance imaging: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panu Uusalo ◽  
Mirjam Lehtinen ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
Tuula Manner ◽  
Mika Scheinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Procedural Sedation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background: Barbiturates are commonly used in ambulatory sedation of pediatric patients. However, use of barbiturates involve risks of respiratory complications. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, is increasingly used for pediatric sedation. Premedication with intranasal (IN) dexmedetomidine offers a non-invasive and efficient possibility to sedate pediatric patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our hypothesis was that dexmedetomidine would reduce barbiturate requirements in procedural sedation. Methods: We included 200 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing MRI, and analyzed their hospital records retrospectively. Half of the patients received 3 μg/kg of IN dexmedetomidine (DEX group) 45-60 min before MRI while the rest received only thiopental (THIO group) for procedural sedation. Sedation was maintained with further intravenous thiopental dosing as needed. Thiopental consumption, heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded. Results: The cumulative thiopental requirement during MRI was (median and interquartile range [IQR]) 4.4 (2.7-6.0) mg/kg/h in the DEX group and 12.4 (9.8-14.8) mg/kg/h in the THIO group (difference 7.9 mg/kg/h, 95% CI 6.8–8.8, P < 0.001). Lowest measured peripheral oxygen saturation remained slightly higher in the DEX group compared to the THIO group (median nadirs and IQR: 97 (95-97) % and 96 (94-97) %, P < 0.001). Supplemental oxygen was delivered to 33 % of the patients in the THIO group compared to 2 % in the DEX group (P < 0.001). The lowest measured HR (mean and SD) was lower (78 (16) bpm) in the DEX group compared to the THIO group (92 (12) bpm) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Premedication with IN dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg) was associated with markedly reduced thiopental dosage needed for efficient procedural sedation for pediatric MRI.

scholarly journals Premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine decreases barbiturate requirement in pediatric patients sedated for magnetic resonance imaging: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panu Uusalo ◽  
Mirjam Lehtinen ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
Tuula Manner ◽  
Mika Scheinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Procedural Sedation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background: Barbiturates are commonly used in ambulatory sedation of pediatric patients. However, use of barbiturates involve risks of respiratory complications. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, is increasingly used for pediatric sedation. Premedication with intranasal (IN) dexmedetomidine offers a non-invasive and efficient possibility to sedate pediatric patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our hypothesis was that dexmedetomidine would reduce barbiturate requirements in procedural sedation. Methods: We included 200 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing MRI, and analyzed their hospital records retrospectively. Half of the patients received 3 μg/kg of IN dexmedetomidine (DEX group) 45-60 min before MRI while the rest received only thiopental (THIO group) for procedural sedation. Sedation was maintained with further intravenous thiopental dosing as needed. Thiopental consumption, heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded. Results: The cumulative thiopental requirement during MRI was (median and interquartile range [IQR]) 4.4 (2.7-6.0) mg/kg/h in the DEX group and 12.4 (9.8-14.8) mg/kg/h in the THIO group (difference 7.9 mg/kg/h, 95% CI 6.8–8.8, P < 0.001). Lowest measured peripheral oxygen saturation remained slightly higher in the DEX group compared to the THIO group (median nadirs and IQR: 97 (95-97) % and 96 (94-97) %, P < 0.001). Supplemental oxygen was delivered to 33 % of the patients in the THIO group compared to 2 % in the DEX group (P < 0.001). The lowest measured HR (mean and SD) was lower (78 (16) bpm) in the DEX group compared to the THIO group (92 (12) bpm) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Premedication with IN dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg) was associated with markedly reduced thiopental dosage needed for efficient procedural sedation for pediatric MRI.

INCIDENTAL FINDINGS ON BRAIN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) IN PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1105-1114
Author(s):  
Avivit Brener ◽  
Danil A. Kozyrev ◽  
Shelly I. Shiran ◽  
Erez Azoulay ◽  
Li-tal Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Growth Disturbances ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: To explore incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of pediatric patients referred due to endocrine disorders. Methods: A retrospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary referral center. The neuroimaging database of 17,445 brain MRI studies of 11,011 pediatric patients were searched for cases with endocrine referrals and without medical history of malignancy, genetic syndromes, and/or neurologic comorbidities. This database was linked to the pediatric neurosurgical database. Clinical data were retrieved from medical files. Results: In total, 524 patients (50.2% males, mean age 8.5 ± 3.5 years) were referred to brain MRI due to growth disturbances (n = 313), pubertal disorders (n = 183), prolactin hypersecretion (n = 18), central diabetes insipidus (n = 8), and obesity (n = 1). Incidental findings were found in 128 (24.4%) cases. Chiari type 1 malformation was more prevalent in patients with growth disturbances ( P<.001). Small pituitary cysts were observed in 20 (3.8%) patients, and pineal cysts in 25 (4.8%) patients, mostly girls (68%, P<.001). White matter lesions were diagnosed in 30 (5.7%) patients, none with clinical evidence of neurologic disease. Brain asymmetry without clinical significance and developmental venous anomalies were observed in 14 (2.7%) and 8 (1.5%) patients, respectively. Twelve patients were diagnosed with intracranial tumors, and 5 required surgical intervention for a histopathologic diagnosis of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 3), choroid plexus papilloma (n = 1), or inconclusive (n = 1). The rest were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Incidental findings on brain MRIs of pediatric patients referred by endocrinologists are common and raise dilemmas. The spectrum ranges from structural disruptions to tumors. Decision-making is individualized and patient-centered. Abbreviations: CPP = central precocious puberty; DI = diabetes insipidus; DVA = developmental venous anomaly; GHD = growth hormone deficiency; MPHD = multiple pituitary hormone deficiency; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; RCC = Rathke cleft cyst

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging brain sequences in pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Ravindra Bhimrao Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Rapid Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

There are various pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols followed in institutes and by individual radiologists, determined by the disease process and the indication for imaging, to narrow down the differential diagnosis. Most times, it is beneficial to modify protocols when the scans are being done, based on the findings seen on initially acquired sequences. This is particularly useful in pediatric patients considering most of them are scanned either under sedation or general anesthesia, and repeat scans will be cumbersome. In this particular review article, we are going to discuss appropriate MRI sequences in scanning pediatric brains and the need for rapid MRI sequences. This is of immense importance as MRI in pediatric patients poses challenges both to radiologists and technologists. Consequently, appropriate MRI protocols should be set to avoid repeat studies.

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