The effects of antioxidative treatment upon electrolyte and metabolic reactions of a chronically stressed group

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Harald Stossier ◽  
Sepp Porta ◽  
Harald Gell ◽  
Josef Porta ◽  
Klaus Kisters
Keyword(s):  
Stressed Group ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Antioxidative Treatment

Artificial cells containing sustainable energy conversion engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwanwoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion Process ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Living cells naturally maintain a variety of metabolic reactions via energy conversion mechanisms that are coupled to proton transfer across cell membranes, thereby producing energy-rich compounds. Until now, researchers have been unable to maintain continuous biochemical reactions in artificially engineered cells, mainly due to the lack of mechanisms that generate energy-rich resources, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). If these metabolic activities in artificial cells are to be sustained, reliable energy transduction strategies must be realized. In this perspective, this article discusses the development of an artificially engineered cell containing a sustainable energy conversion process.

scholarly journals The Role of High-Resolution Analytical Techniques in the Development of Functional Foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3220
Author(s):  
Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa ◽  
Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez ◽  
María De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Sandra Pimentel-Moral ◽  
Antonio Segura-Carretero
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites

The approaches based on high-resolution analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry coupled to chromatographic techniques, have a determining role in several of the stages necessary for the development of functional foods. The analyses of botanical extracts rich in bioactive compounds is one of the fundamental steps in order to identify and quantify their phytochemical composition. However, the compounds characterized in the extracts are not always responsible for the bioactive properties because they generally undergo metabolic reactions before reaching the therapeutic targets. For this reason, analytical techniques are also applied to analyze biological samples to know the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and/or metabolism of the compounds ingested by animal or human models in nutritional intervention studies. In addition, these studies have also been applied to determine changes of endogenous metabolites caused by prolonged intake of compounds with bioactive potential. This review aims to describe the main types and modes of application of high-resolution analytical techniques in all these steps for functional food development.

scholarly journals THE METABOLIC REACTIONS OF CARBON ATOM 2 OF l-HISTIDINE

1952 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Sprinson ◽  
D. Rittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Understanding of Electro-Fermentation

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drishti Dinesh Bhagchandanii ◽  
Rishi Pramod Babu ◽  
Jayesh M. Sonawane ◽  
Namita Khanna ◽  
Soumya Pandit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Almost All

Electro-fermentation (EF) is an upcoming technology that can control the metabolism of exoelectrogenic bacteria (i.e., bacteria that transfer electrons using an extracellular mechanism). The fermenter consists of electrodes that act as sink and source for the production and movement of electrons and protons, thus generating electricity and producing valuable products. The conventional process of fermentation has several drawbacks that restrict their application and economic viability. Additionally, metabolic reactions taking place in traditional fermenters are often redox imbalanced. Almost all metabolic pathways and microbial strains have been studied, and EF can electrochemically control this. The process of EF can be used to optimize metabolic processes taking place in the fermenter by controlling the redox and pH imbalances and by stimulating carbon chain elongation or breakdown to improve the overall biomass yield and support the production of a specific product. This review briefly discusses microbe-electrode interactions, electro-fermenter designs, mixed-culture EF, and pure culture EF in industrial applications, electro methanogenesis, and the various products that could be hence generated using this process.

Short-term endocrine and metabolic reactions before and after second immunization against GnRH in boars

Vaccine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 4689-4696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Claus ◽  
Markus Lacorn ◽  
Katrin Danowski ◽  
Michael C. Pearce ◽  
Aneka Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

Mass transfer and metabolic reactions in hepatocyte spheroids cultured in rotating wall gas-permeable membrane system

Biomaterials ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (36) ◽  
pp. 5487-5497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrem Curcio ◽  
Simona Salerno ◽  
Giuseppe Barbieri ◽  
Loredana De Bartolo ◽  
Enrico Drioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Rotating Wall ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Hepatocyte Spheroids

scholarly journals A Metabolomic Strategy to Screen the Prototype Components and Metabolites ofShuang-Huang-Lian Injectionin Human Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxing Guo ◽  
Baosheng Zhao ◽  
Haiyu Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Long Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

Shuang-huang-lian injection(SHLI) is a famous Chinese patent medicine, which has been wildly used in clinic to treat acute respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, influenza, and so forth. Despite the widespread clinical application, the prototype components and metabolites ofSHLIhave not been fully elucidated, especially in human body. To discover and screen the constituents or metabolites of Chinese medicine in biofluids tends to be more and more difficult due to the complexity of chemical compositions, metabolic reactions and matrix effects. In this work, a metabolomic strategy to comprehensively elucidate the prototype components and metabolites ofSHLIin human serum conducted by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was developed. Orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to distinguish the exogenous, namely, drug-induced constituents, from endogenous in human serum. In the S-plot, 35 drug-induced constituents were found, including 23 prototype compounds and 12 metabolites which indicated thatSHLIin human body mainly caused phase II metabolite reactions. It was concluded that the metabolomic strategy for identification of herbal constituents and metabolites in biological samples was successfully developed. This identification and structural elucidation of the chemical compounds provided essential data for further pharmacological and pharmacokinetics study ofSHLI.

scholarly journals Butyrate formation from glucose by the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Yarlett ◽  
D Lloyd ◽  
A G Williams
Keyword(s):  
Density Gradient ◽  
Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Small Granule ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase ◽  
Butyrate Kinase ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Butyrate Production

Production of butyrate by the holotrich protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium involves the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase, phosphate butyryltransferase and butyrate kinase. Subcellular fractionation by differential and density-gradient centrifugation on sucrose gradients indicated that all those enzymes except pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase were non-sedimentable at 6 × 10(6) g-min. Butyrate kinase and phosphate butyryltransferase were associated with the large- and small-granule fractions. Thus, although metabolic reactions necessary for butyrate production proceed predominantly in the cytosol, hydrogenosomes play a key role in the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.

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