scholarly journals Racial Disparity in the Associations of Microalbuminuria and Macroalbuminuria with Odds of Hypertension: Results from the NHANES Study in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Liu ◽  
Yali Liu ◽  
Dennis Tsilimingras ◽  
Kendall M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Background. Limited information is available on whether the associations of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria with the odds of hypertension differ among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics. Methods. Cross-sectional data of 24,949 participants aged ≥18 years were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2008. Odds ratios of hypertension for microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were estimated by conducting weighted multiple logistic regression models. Results. After adjustment for extensive confounding factors, microalbuminuria is 1.45 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.17, 1.80]), 2.07 (95% CI [1.52, 2.83]) and 2.81 (95% CI [2.06, 3.84]) times more likely to be associated with hypertension, and macroalbuminuria is 4.08 (95% CI [1.98, 8.38]), 8.62 (95% CI [3.84, 19.35]), and 4.43 (95% CI [2.13, 9.21]) times in non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics, respectively. The odds of hypertension for microalbuminuria (versus normalbuminuria) were 52% higher in non-Hispanic Blacks and 98% higher in Hispanics than in non-Hispanic Whites; the odds of hypertension for macroalbuminuria (versus normalbuminuria) did not differ among racial groups. Conclusion. Racial differences in the relation between microalbuminuria and hypertension are prevalent among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics. More screening efforts should be encouraged in normotensive non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics with microalbuminuria.

scholarly journals Association between Eating Away from Home and Hyperuricemia: A Population-Based Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifeng Liu ◽  
Xiaoting Su ◽  
Mianli Xiao ◽  
Peien Zhou ◽  
Jianwei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Home Food

Hyperuricemia (HU) is a risk factor for different kinds of chronic noncommunicable diseases, and eating away from home (EAFH) may play an important role in their development, which has been ignored greatly so far. This study aimed to investigate the association between EAFH and HU in different models. A cross-sectional study involving 8,322 participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was conducted. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. We found that participants who consumed more away-from-home food had a higher risk for HU, and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) (for each increment in grades of EAFH) were 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) in a multiadjusted model (adjusted for age, gender, province, net individual income, body mass index, smoking, leisure-time physical activities, energy intake, and sleep duration). As for stratified analyses, the aOR (95% CI) of EAFH was 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) for men and 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) for women. Similar results can be found in the middle-aged and obese population, with aOR (95% CI) of EAFH as 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) and 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), respectively. In conclusion, EAFH is positively associated with the prevalence of HU.

scholarly journals Gingivitis Susceptibility and its Relation to Periodontitis in Men

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1134-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dietrich ◽  
E. Krall Kaye ◽  
M.E. Nunn ◽  
T. Van Dyke ◽  
R.I. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bleeding On Probing ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Former Smokers

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether gingivitis susceptibility is associated with periodontitis. We analyzed data of 462 men in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study aged 47 to 92 years who had never smoked or had quit smoking 5+ years previously. Multiple logistic regression models, with tooth-level bleeding on probing at sites with attachment loss ≤ 2 mm as the dependent variable, were derived with adjustment for plaque, calculus, crown coverage, age, income, education, marital status, body mass index, diabetes, and vitamin C intake, and stratification by age (< 65, 65+ years). Periodontitis and mean attachment loss were positively associated with bleeding on probing, with stronger associations among men < 65 years old (for periodontitis, OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5, 3.1) than men 65+ years of age (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.9, 1.6). Our results suggest that among never and former smokers, gingivitis susceptibility is higher among men with periodontitis compared with that in men without periodontitis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Megninia spp. in laying flocks from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro do Carmo Rezende ◽  
Lucas Maciel Cunha ◽  
Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins ◽  
Cristina Mara Teixeira ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Layer Chicken ◽  
Chicken House ◽  
Commercial Farms

Aspects related to the epidemiology of Megninia ginglymura were studied, in order to determine predisposing factors for the ocurrence in layer chicken houses of commercial farms in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An observational, cross-sectional, analytical survey was conducted for identifying major risks or protection factors for infestations. Four hundred thirty-one houses located in forty-three farms were visited in 2012. Regarding the farms, 17 (39.53%) had chickens infested by M. ginglymura and 1 (2.32%) presented Megninia cubitalis. The epidemiological aspects of the occurrence of M. ginglymura were investigated using multiple logistic regression models. The chicken house organization was an important protection factor involved in the occurrence of M. ginglymura (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85). The presence of subsistence breedings of poultry within the premises or at the proximity of a farm was characterized as a risk factor for the occurrence of infestations (OR = 3.92). The use of mineral oil (OR = 0.16) was considered protective against new infestations. Some regions of the state were characterized by a higher risk for mite infestation than others.

scholarly journals Association of Fatigue With Sarcopenia and its Elements: A Secondary Analysis of SABE-Bogotá

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141770373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Patino-Hernandez ◽  
David Gabriel David-Pardo ◽  
Miguel Germán Borda ◽  
Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda ◽  
Carlos Cano-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Aging Adults

Objective: Sarcopenia, fatigue, and depression are associated with higher mortality rates and adverse outcomes in the aging population. Understanding the association among clinical variables, mainly symptoms, is important for screening and appropriately managing these conditions. The aim of this article is to evaluate the association among sarcopenia and its elements with depression and fatigue. Method: We used cross-sectional data from 2012 SABE ( Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento)-Bogotá study, which included 2,000 participants of ages ≥60 years. Sarcopenia and its elements were taken as the dependent variable, while fatigue and depression were the main independent variables. We tested the association among these through multiple logistic regression models, which were fitted for each dependent variable and adjusted for confounding variables. Results: Our findings showed that gait speed was associated with fatigue (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.05, 1.90], p = .02) as well as abnormal handgrip strength (adjusted OR = 1.40, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.93], p = .04). No other associations were significant. Conclusion: While sarcopenia and fatigue are not associated, two of the sarcopenia-defining variables are associated with fatigue; this suggests that lack of sarcopenia does not exclude undesirable outcomes related to fatigue in aging adults. Also, the lack of association between sarcopenia-defining elements and depression demonstrates that depression and fatigue are different concepts.

Association of Systemic Inflammation and Fatigue in Osteoarthritis: 2007−2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha J. Hackney ◽  
N. Jennifer Klinedinst ◽  
Barbara Resnick ◽  
Meg Johantgen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
National Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Wbc Count

Background/Purpose:Mechanistic insight into osteoarthritis fatigue is needed as clinical management of this condition is nonspecific. Systemic inflammation is associated with fatigue in other chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between systemic inflammation and fatigue in osteoarthritis, while controlling for covariates.Method:This secondary analysis with a cross-sectional, multiyear retrospective design used data from the 2007−2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adults with self-reported osteoarthritis who participated in an examination at a mobile center and had no comorbidities associated with fatigue or systemic inflammation were included ( n = 296). Complex sample analysis, independent samples t tests, and χ2tests of independence were used to explore differences between nonfatigued and fatigued adults with osteoarthritis. Adjusted hierarchical logistic regression models were used to calculate odds of fatigue as a function of two systemic inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) count.Results:Fatigued adults with osteoarthritis had significantly higher CRP levels and WBC counts compared to nonfatigued adults with osteoarthritis. In adjusted logistic regression models, increased CRP was associated with higher odds of fatigue when controlling for age, days affected by pain, depressive symptoms, sleep quantity, and body mass index (Odds ratio [ OR] = 3.38, 95% CI [1.18, 9.69]). WBC count was not associated with higher odds of fatigue when controlling for these variables ( OR = 1.10, 95% CI [0.92, 1.32]).Conclusion:Systemic inflammation may have a relationship with fatigue in osteoarthritis. Future work is necessary to replicate these findings in more robust studies.

scholarly journals Serious Psychological Distress and Emergency Room Use among Adults with Multimorbidity in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Alhussain ◽  
Abdulkarim M. Meraya ◽  
Usha Sambamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Objectives. (1) To examine the association between serious psychological distress (SPD) and emergency room (ER) use in the past 12 months among adults with multimorbidity in the United States (US) and (2) to investigate the association between SPD and the reasons for ER use. Methods. The current study used a cross-sectional design with retrospective data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between SPD and ER use among adults with multimorbidity. Among ER users, adjusted logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between SPD and the reasons for the ER use. Results. After controlling for other variables, adults with multimorbidity and SPD were more likely to use ER than those with multimorbidity and no SPD (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.26, 2.04). Among ER users, there were no significant associations between SPD and the reasons for ER use after controlling for other variables. Conclusion. Adults with multimorbidity and SPD were more likely to use ER as compared to those with multimorbidity and no SPD. Among adults with multimorbidity, routine screening for SPD may be needed to reduce the ER use.

scholarly journals Ingesting Self-Grown Produce and Seropositivity for Hepatitis E in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Diehl ◽  
Daniel J. Adams ◽  
Cade M. Nylund
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Interview

Background. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of hepatitis in developing and industrialized countries worldwide. The modes of HEV transmission in industrialized countries, including the United States, remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at evaluating the association between HEV seropositivity and consumption of self-grown foods in the United States. Methods. Cross-sectional data was extracted from the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data from the dietary interview and the serum HEV IgG and IgM enzyme immunoassay test results were linked and examined. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the significance and effect size of an association between self-grown food consumption and hepatitis E seropositivity. Results. The estimated HEV seroprevalence in the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population was 6.6% in 2009–2012, which corresponds to an estimated hepatitis E national seroprevalence of 17,196,457 people. Overall, 10.9% of participants who ingested self-grown foods had positive HEV antibodies versus 6.1% of participants who did not consume self-grown foods (P<0.001; odds ratio (OR) 1.87; 95% CI 1.41–2.48). In the age-stratified multivariable analysis, the correlation between ingesting self-grown foods and HEV seropositivity was significant for participants 40–59 years old, but not overall, or for those < 40 years or ≥60 years. Conclusions. Ingesting self-grown food, or simply the process of gardening/farming, may be a source of zoonotic HEV transmission.

scholarly journals Characterizing Health Care Delays and Interruptions in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Internet-Based, Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lerner Papautsky ◽  
Dylan R Rice ◽  
Hana Ghoneima ◽  
Anna Laura W McKowen ◽  
Nicholas Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has broader geographic spread and potentially longer lasting effects than those of previous disasters. Necessary preventive precautions for the transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in delays for in-person health care services, especially at the outset of the pandemic. OBJECTIVE Among a US sample, we examined the rates of delays (defined as cancellations and postponements) in health care at the outset of the pandemic and characterized the reasons for such delays. METHODS As part of an internet-based survey that was distributed on social media in April 2020, we asked a US–based convenience sample of 2570 participants about delays in their health care resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Participant demographics and self-reported worries about general health and the COVID-19 pandemic were explored as potent determinants of health care delays. In addition to all delays, we focused on the following three main types of delays, which were the primary outcomes in this study: dental, preventive, and diagnostic care delays. For each outcome, we used bivariate statistical tests (<i>t</i> tests and chi-square tests) and multiple logistic regression models to determine which factors were associated with health care delays. RESULTS The top reported barrier to receiving health care was the fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection (126/374, 33.6%). Almost half (1227/2570, 47.7%) of the participants reported experiencing health care delays. Among those who experienced health care delays and further clarified the type of delay they experienced (921/1227, 75.1%), the top three reported types of care that were affected by delays included dental (351/921, 38.1%), preventive (269/921, 29.2%), and diagnostic (151/921, 16.4%) care. The logistic regression models showed that age (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), gender identity (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), education (<i>P</i>=.007), and self-reported worry about general health (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) were significantly associated with experiencing health care delays. Self-reported worry about general health was negatively related to experiencing delays in dental care. However, this predictor was positively associated with delays in diagnostic testing based on the logistic regression model. Additionally, age was positively associated with delays in diagnostic testing. No factors remained significant in the multiple logistic regression for delays in preventive care, and although there was trend between race and delays (people of color experienced fewer delays than White participants), it was not significant (<i>P</i>=.06). CONCLUSIONS The lessons learned from the initial surge of COVID-19 cases can inform systemic mitigation strategies for potential future disruptions. This study addresses the demand side of health care delays by exploring the determinants of such delays. More research on health care delays during the pandemic is needed, including research on their short- and long-term impacts on patient-level outcomes such as mortality, morbidity, mental health, people’s quality of life, and the experience of pain.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hammond ◽  
Jessica L Reid ◽  
Vicki L Rynard ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us

Abstract Objective To examine differences in vaping and smoking prevalence among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States. Design Repeat cross sectional surveys. Setting Online surveys in Canada, England, and the US. Participants National samples of 16 to 19 year olds in 2017 and 2018, recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n=7891), England (n=7897), and the US (n=8140). Main outcome measures Prevalence of vaping and smoking was assessed for use ever, in the past 30 days, in the past week, and on 15 days or more in the past month. Use of JUUL (a nicotine salt based electronic cigarette with high nicotine concentration) and usual vaping brands were also assessed. Logistic regression models examined differences in vaping and smoking between countries and over time. Results The prevalence of vaping in the past 30 days, in the past week, and on 15 days or more in the past month increased in Canada and the US between 2017 and 2018 (P<0.001 for all), including among non-smokers and experimental smokers, with no changes in England. Smoking prevalence increased in Canada (P<0.001 for all measures), with modest increases in England, and no changes in the US. The percentage of ever vapers who reported more frequent vaping increased in Canada and the US (P<0.01 for all), but not in England. The use of JUUL increased in all countries, particularly the US and Canada—for example, the proportion of current vapers in the US citing JUUL as their usual brand increased threefold between 2017 and 2018. Conclusions Between 2017 and 2018, among 16 to 19 year olds the prevalence of vaping increased in Canada and the US, as did smoking in Canada, with little change in England. The rapidly evolving vaping market and emergence of nicotine salt based products warrant close monitoring.

scholarly journals Low HbA1c levels and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality among people without diabetes: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Inoue ◽  
Roch Nianogo ◽  
Donatello Telesca ◽  
Atsushi Goto ◽  
Vahe Khachadourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Objective It is unclear whether relatively low glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are beneficial or harmful for the long-term health outcomes among people without diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association between low HbA1c levels and mortality among the US general population. Methods This study includes a nationally representative sample of 39 453 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999–2014, linked to mortality data through 2015. We employed the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models and the ensemble machine learning algorithms to estimate the time-varying risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by HbA1c categories (low, 4.0 to &lt;5.0%; mid-level, 5.0 to &lt;5.7%; prediabetes, 5.7 to &lt;6.5%; and diabetes, ≥6.5% or taking antidiabetic medication), adjusting for 72 potential confounders including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, biomarkers, comorbidities and medications. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 5118 (13%) all-cause deaths, and 1116 (3%) cardiovascular deaths were observed. Logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms showed nearly identical predictive performance of death and risk estimates. Compared with mid-level HbA1c, low HbA1c was associated with a 30% (95% CI, 16 to 48) and a 12% (95% CI, 3 to 22) increased risk of all-cause mortality at 5 years and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. We found no evidence that low HbA1c levels were associated with cardiovascular mortality risk. The diabetes group, but not the prediabetes group, also showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions Using the US national database and adjusting for an extensive set of potential confounders with flexible modelling, we found that adults with low HbA1c were at increased risk of all-cause mortality. Further evaluation and careful monitoring of low HbA1c levels need to be considered.

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