scholarly journals Bioavailability of Oil-Based and β-Lactoglobulin-Complexed Vitamin A in a Rat Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Ju-Jean Shaw ◽  
Harold E. Swaisgood ◽  
Jonathan C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Statistical Equivalence ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Free Pellet

β-Lactoglobulin is capable of binding fat-soluble compounds including vitamin A palmitate and is suggested to specifically enhance intestinal uptake of retinol. In this study, bioavailability of a vitamin-A-retinyl palmitate complex in skim milk and in water-based liquids was investigated in vitamin-A-depleted rats. First, rats were fed a vitamin-A-free pellet diet for 6 wk and were thereafter gavage-fed with vitamin A in oil, vitamin-A-β-lactoglobulin complex, vitamin A in oil + skim milk, and vitamin-A-β-lactoglobulin + skim milk for 2 wk and 42 wk. Vitamin A repletion, as judged by vitamin A accumulation in serum and liver, occurred in all the treatments. Vitamin-A-β-lactoglobulin complex treatments had statistical equivalence with oil-based vitamin A treatments. In a second experiment, vitamin-A-depleted rats were fed UHT-processed skim milk fortified with either oil-based or freeze-dried β-lactoglobulin-complexed retinyl palmitate. Liver and serum vitamin A were analyzed by HPLC to indicate vitamin A status in the rats. Results showed no significant difference in bioavailability of retinyl palmitate from milk made with either regular oil-based or β-lactoglobulin-complexed fortifiers. The vitamin-A-β-lactoglobulin complex, being water soluble, may be useful for fortification of nonfat products.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF SERUM VITAMIN A LEVELS BETWEEN NEONATES WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND CONTROLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Saeed Abtahi ◽  
Zahra Mostafavian ◽  
Babak Behnam ◽  
Zahra Abbasi Shaye
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cyanotic Heart Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Prevention of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been hampered by a lack of information about the known modifiable risk factors for abnormalities in cardiac development. Vitamin A plays an important role in the periods of rapid cellular growth and differentiation, especially during pregnancy. Assuming a link between Vitamin A levels and congenital malformations, hypothetical different levels of Vitamin A were evaluated in neonates with and without CHD, in this study.Methods: In a case–control study that was conducted in 2015 in Mashhad/Iran, serum levels of Vitamin A in 30 neonates with CHD were compared to 30 healthy controls. The cases were diagnosed by echocardiography and recruited by convenience sampling. Demographic and laboratory data including age, sex, and serum Vitamin A level in each group were collected. Data analysis was done in SPSS V 20 software, and descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of covariance were used.Results: The mean age in cases was 11±3.4 days and in controls was 12.5±4.8 days. A total of 18 patients (60%) were male. In CHD patients, 10 cases (33.3%) had cyanotic heart disease, and 20 cases (66.7%) had non-cyanotic heart disease. The mean serum Vitamin A values in subjects (11.54±9.56 μg/dL) and controls (21.84±14.3 μg/dL) were significantly different, (p<0.05) and in case group was lower than the normal range.Conclusion: There was a significant difference in serum Vitamin A values in subjects and controls. Therefore, awareness of people about the importance of this vitamin in preventing CHD in children seems necessary.

scholarly journals Use of Phycobiliproteins from Atacama Cyanobacteria as Food Colorants in a Dairy Beverage Prototype

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Galetović ◽  
Francisca Seura ◽  
Valeska Gallardo ◽  
Rocío Graves ◽  
Juan Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sensory Tests

The interest of the food industry in replacing artificial dyes with natural pigments has grown recently. Cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins (PBPs), phycoerythrin (PE) and phycocyanin (PC), are colored water-soluble proteins that are used as natural pigments. Additionally, red PE and blue PC have antioxidant capabilities. We have formulated a new food prototype based on PBP-fortified skim milk. PBPs from Andean cyanobacteria were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and freeze-drying. The stability of PE and PC was evaluated by changes in their absorption spectra at various pH (1–14) and temperature (0–80 °C) values. Purified PBPs showed chemical stability under pH values of 5 to 8 and at temperatures between 0 and 50 °C. The antioxidant property of PBP was confirmed by ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical ion scavenging, and FRAP (Ferric Antioxidant Power) assays. The absence of PBP toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans was confirmed up to 1 mg PBP/mL. Skim milk fortified with PE obtained a higher score after sensory tests. Thus, a functional food based on skim milk-containing cyanobacterial PBPs can be considered an innovative beverage for the food industry. PBPs were stable at an ultra-high temperature (138 °C and 4 s). PBP stability improvements by changes at its primary structure and the incorporation of freeze-dried PBPs into sachets should be considered as alternatives for their future commercialization.

scholarly journals The effect of retinyl palmitate added to iron-fortified maize porridge on erythrocyte incorporation of iron in African children with vitamin A deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Pierre Adou ◽  
Christophe Zeder ◽  
Thomas Walczyk ◽  
Richard Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Before And After

Retinyl palmitate added to Fe-fortified maize bread has been reported to enhance Fe absorption in adult Venezuelan subjects but not in Western Europeans. It is not known to what extent these results were influenced by differences in vitamin A status of the study subjects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of retinyl palmitate added to Fe-fortified maize porridge on erythrocyte incorporation of Fe in children with vitamin A deficiency, before and after vitamin A supplementation. Erythrocyte incorporation of Fe-stable isotopes was measured 14 d after intake of maize porridge (2·0 mg Fe added as ferrous sulfate) with and without added retinyl palmitate (3·5 μmol; 3300 IU). The study was repeated 3 weeks after vitamin A supplementation (intake of a single dose of 210 μmol retinyl palmitate; ‘vitamin A capsule’). Vitamin A status was evaluated by the modified relative dose–response (MRDR) technique. Retinyl palmitate added to the test meal reduced the geometric mean erythrocyte incorporation of Fe at baseline from 4·0 to 2·6 % (P=0·008, n 13; paired t test). At 3 weeks after vitamin A supplementation, geometric mean erythrocyte incorporation was 1·9 and 2·3 % respectively from the test meal with and without added retinyl palmitate (P=0·283). Mean dehydroretinol:retinol molar ratios were 0·156 and 0·125 before and after intake of the single dose of 210 μmol retinyl palmitate; ‘vitamin A capsule’ (P=0·15). In conclusion, retinyl palmitate added to the labelled test meals significantly decreased erythrocyte incorporation of Fe in children with vitamin A deficiency at baseline but had no statistically significant effect 3 weeks after vitamin A supplementation. The difference in response to retinyl palmitate added to Fe-fortified maize porridge on erythrocyte incorporation of Fe before and after intake of the vitamin A capsule indicates, indirectly, changes in vitamin A status not measurable by the MRDR technique. The lack of conclusive data on the effect of retinyl palmitate on Fe absorption indicates the complexity of the interactions between vitamin A status, dietary vitamin A and Fe metabolism.

Vitamin A deficiency in poor, urban, lactating women in Bangladesh: factors influencing vitamin A status

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk Ahmed ◽  
Asfia Azim ◽  
Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Vitamin A Status

AbstractAims:To investigate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among lactating women in a poor urban population of Bangladesh, and to examine the relationship between various factors and vitamin A status.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Maternal and child health clinic in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.Subjects and methods:A total of 120 lactating women aged 17–37 years were randomly selected from women who attended a local maternal and child health clinic in Dhaka City for immunisation of their children. Various socio-economic, personal characteristics, dietary intakes of vitamin A and anthropometric data were collected. Serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration was determined as a measure of vitamin A status.Results:Of the subjects, 37% had low serum vitamin A levels (<30 μg dl−1), with 13.3% having sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency (<20 μg dl−1). Eighty-seven per cent had vitamin A intakes below the recommended dietary allowance. The lactating women who were either illiterate or received only informal education had significantly (P = 0.002) lower serum vitamin A levels compared with those who received formal education. The women whose husbands received formal education had significantly (P = 0.05) higher serum vitamin A levels than those whose husbands were either illiterate or received only informal education. The serum vitamin A levels of women in households with poor sanitation/latrine practice were significantly (P = 0.03) lower than those of women in households with good sanitation/latrine practice. The women with one child had significantly (P = 0.015) lower serum vitamin A levels than those with two or more children. Women with a lactation period of 6 months or more had significantly (P = 0.034) lower serum vitamin A levels than women with a lactation period of less than 6 months. The women who consumed less than the median vitamin A intake (274.8 μg day−1) had significantly (P = 0.01) lower serum vitamin A levels than those who consumed more than the median vitamin A intake. By multiple regression analysis, education level of the women, number of living children, duration of lactation and dietary intake of vitamin A were found to have significant independent relationships with serum vitamin A. The overall F-ratio (6.8) was highly significant (P = 0.000), the adjusted R2 was 0.16 (multiple R = 0.44).Conclusion:A significant proportion of poor, urban, lactating women in Bangladesh have vitamin A deficiency. Among the various factors, education level of the women, number of living children, duration of lactation and dietary intake of vitamin A appear to be important in influencing the vitamin A status of these women.

Serum vitamin A distribution curve for children aged 2–6 y known to have adequate vitamin A status: a reference population

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Flores ◽  
M N Azevedo ◽  
F A Campos ◽  
M C Barreto-Lins ◽  
A A Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Vitamin A Status

scholarly journals Maternal vitamin A status in intrauterine growth retarded babies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alakh Ram Verma ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Khodiar ◽  
Debapriya Rath ◽  
Seema Dhurandhar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Beside calorie and protein consumption micronutrients like folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin A have been postulated to play major role in intrauterine growth of neonates. Vitamin A compounds are critical for vision, reproduction, embryonic development, immune function and regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.Aims and Objectives: To determine the relationship of maternal serum vitamin A levels with birth weight of babies.Material and Methods: Study group consisted of 58 randomly selected mothers who delivered at term small for gestational age babies (birth weight less than 2.5kg.). The control group comprises of 52 matched mothers, who delivered normal babies. Biochemical estimation of serum vitamin A was done by HPLC method using sigma reagent of all subjects.Results: Significantly high (p<0.05) number of mothers in study group had low serum vitamin A level compared to mothers in control group. There was a linear relationship between vitamin A status and mean birth weight of the babies.Conclusion: Although the low serum vitamin A level of mothers was significantly associated with intrauterine growth retardation, the exact effect of a vitamin A deficiency on the birth weight of babies remain unclear, but the finding suggests the importance of adequate vitamin A supplementation to pregnant mothers in India.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 30-34

scholarly journals Determination of Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A) in Fortified Fluid Milk by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A Hite ◽  
L Angelo ◽  
S Bhandari ◽  
S Bhattacharyya ◽  
E Bonnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Fluid Milk

Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for fast and simple measurement of retinyl palmitate (vitamin A) in fortified milk. Retinyl acetate internal standard was added to a test portion of milk followed by extraction into hexane. The hexane extract was analyzed by LC using a normal-phase silica gel column equilibrated with mobile phase (conditioned hexane–isopropanol, 99.85 + 0.15, v/v) about 1 h before injections. The retinyl palmitate concentration was calculated by using a relative response factor determined with calibration standards. In the collaborative study, 11 laboratories analyzed 13 pairs of fluid milk materials in blind duplicate. Twelve of the materials were composed of skim milk (&lt;0.5% fat), 1% fat milk, 2% fat milk, and 1% fat chocolate milk. Each material was fortified at 3 concentrations of retinyl palmitate of approximately 581 μg/L (1000 IU/qt), 1163 μg/L (2000 IU/qt), and 2236 μg/L (4000 IU/qt). The 13th material, unfortified skim milk, served as a matrix blank. Repeatability standard deviations (RSDr) without outliers ranged from 1.5 to 5.7% and reproducibility standard deviations (RSDR) without outliers ranged from 5.0 to 22.7%. cis-Isomers co-eluted with the predominant trans-retinyl palmitate isomer and were included in the results reported by all the collaborative laboratories. Endogenous long-chain esters from milk fat were also measured with the retinyl palmitate additive. The Study Director recommends that this method for determination of retinyl palmitate in fluid milk by LC be adopted First Action.

Serum-Vitamin-A-Bestimmungen und ihre Aussagekraft zum Vitamin-A-Status

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Gerlach ◽  
H. K. Biesalski ◽  
K. H. Bässler
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status
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