scholarly journals Construction of a Drug Safety Assurance Information System Based on Clinical Genotyping

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
John A. Springer ◽  
Nicholas V. Iannotti ◽  
Jon E. Sprague ◽  
Michael D. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Repeated Use

To capitalize on the vast potential of patient genetic information to aid in assuring drug safety, a substantial effort is needed in both the training of healthcare professionals and the operational enablement of clinical environments. Our research aims to satisfy these needs through the development of a drug safety assurance information system (GeneScription) based on clinical genotyping that utilizes patient-specific genetic information to predict and prevent adverse drug responses. In this paper, we present the motivations for this work, the algorithms at the heart of GeneScription, and a discussion of our system and its uses. We also describe our efforts to validate GeneScription through its evaluation by practicing pharmacists and pharmacy professors and its repeated use in training pharmacists. The positive assessment of the GeneScription software tool by these domain experts provides strong validation of the importance, accuracy, and effectiveness of GeneScription.

Regulations and Norms for Reuse of Residual Clinical Biospecimens and Health Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110292
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Umberfield ◽  
Sharon L. R. Kardia ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Andrea K. Thomer ◽  
Marcelline R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Real World ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Secondary Research ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Key Issues

Nurse scientists are increasingly interested in conducting secondary research using real world collections of biospecimens and health data. The purposes of this scoping review are to (a) identify federal regulations and norms that bear authority or give guidance over reuse of residual clinical biospecimens and health data, (b) summarize domain experts’ interpretations of permissions of such reuse, and (c) summarize key issues for interpreting regulations and norms. Final analysis included 25 manuscripts and 23 regulations and norms. This review illustrates contextual complexity for reusing residual clinical biospecimens and health data, and explores issues such as privacy, confidentiality, and deriving genetic information from biospecimens. Inconsistencies make it difficult to interpret, which regulations or norms apply, or if applicable regulations or norms are congruent. Tools are necessary to support consistent, expert-informed consent processes and downstream reuse of residual clinical biospecimens and health data by nurse scientists.

scholarly journals Research Methodology of the Method of Optimization of Information Interaction in the Aspect of Solving the User's Problem

Telecom IT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
M. Buinevich ◽  
P. Kurta
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Model Interaction ◽  
Scenario Optimization ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Scientific Results

Research subject. Information interaction of the user with the information system. Objective. Improving the efficiency of user interaction with the information system to solve the main problem by customizing its interface and work script. Core results. The proposed methodology of scientific research aimed at achieving the goal, and consisting of 3 steps. As a result of each of them, the following main scientific results are expected to be obtained: interaction model, interaction assessment method, interaction optimization method. Also, it is expected to obtain private scientific results: the classification of the disadvantages of interaction, the influence of its parameters on the final efficiency, the architecture of the interface and scenario optimization system. Main conclusions. The proposed research scheme is scientifically correct and allows you to conduct a fullfledged scientific research and achieve the goal of the work. As a result, a method and a software tool will be developed that will make it possible to adjust a specific interface and a scenario for its work according to its own performance criteria - potency, operativeness and resource efficiency; at the same time, the general logic of solving the problem by the information system will remain unchanged.

scholarly journals VOLARE: Visual analysis of disease-associated microbiome-immune system interplay

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. Siebert ◽  
Charles Preston Neff ◽  
Jennifer M. Schneider ◽  
EmiLie H. Regner ◽  
Neha Ohri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
Interactive Environment ◽  
System Logs ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractBackgroundRelationships between specific microbes and proper immune system development, composition, and function have been reported in a number of studies. However, researchers have discovered only a fraction of the likely relationships. High-dimensional “omic” methodologies such as 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and Time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) immunophenotyping generate data that support generation of hypotheses, with the potential to identify additional relationships at a level of granularity ripe for further experimentation. Pairwise linear regressions between microbial and host immune features is one approach for quantifying relationships between “omes”, and the differences in these relationships across study cohorts or arms. This approach yields a top table of candidate results. However, the top table alone lacks the detail that domain experts need to vet candidate results for follow-up experiments.ResultsTo support this vetting, we developed VOLARE (Visualization Of LineAr Regression Elements), a web application that integrates a searchable top table, small in-line graphs illustrating the fitted models, a network summarizing the top table, and on-demand detailed regression plots showing full sample-level detail. We applied VOLARE to three case studies—microbiome:cytokine data from fecal samples in HIV, microbiome:cytokine data in inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthritis, and microbiome:immune cell data from gut biopsies in HIV. We present both patient-specific phenomena and relationships that differ by disease state. We also analyzed interaction data from system logs to characterize usage scenarios. This log analysis revealed that, in using VOLARE, domain experts frequently generated detailed regression plots, suggesting that this detail aids the vetting of results.ConclusionsSystematically integrating microbe:immune cell readouts through pairwise linear regressions and presenting the top table in an interactive environment supports the vetting of results for scientific relevance. VOLARE allows domain experts to control the analysis of their results, screening dozens of candidate relationships with ease. This interactive environment transcends the limitations of a static top table.

Development of a specialized module of a medical information system for recording relaparotomies and analyzing the effectiveness of the use of vacuum therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
K. V. Sobchenko ◽  
◽  
D. D. Sichinava ◽  
A. A. Koshkarov ◽  
R. A. Murashko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Medical Information System ◽  
Vacuum Therapy ◽  
Patient Registration ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Impact

Aim research: to develop and implement a patient registration register after relaparotomies in operation on the basis of a clinical oncological dispensary. The premise of this study was the need to obtain statistical data to analyze the effectiveness of vacuum therapy during relaparotomies. By automating the process of recording relaparotomy data, it will be possible to analyze the impact of various factors on patient mortality. Designed the interface and database structure. Based on the described methods and tools, a specialized module of the medical information system for recording relaparotomies has been developed. Since the development took into account all the requirements of medical specialists in a specific field of knowledge, it was possible to develop a specialized software tool that can be used to obtain specific statistics. A patient registration register after relaparotomy was developed and implemented as a specialized module of the medical information system. The register collects, analyzes and interprets data on surgical methods used, including the use of vacuum therapy. To achieve the goal set in this work, the methods and tools presented in the article were used, which were applied in practice and can be similarly used in other medical institutions.

scholarly journals Development of a tool-kit for the detection of healthy and injured cardiac tissue based on MR imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Philip Westphal ◽  
Sebastian Hilbert ◽  
Michael Unger ◽  
Claire Chalopin
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Initial Contour ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
Data Set

AbstractPlanning of interventions to treat cardiac arrhythmia requires a 3D patient specific model of the heart. Currently available commercial or free software dedicated to this task have important limitations for routinely use. Automatic algorithms are not robust enough while manual methods are time-consuming. Therefore, the project attempts to develop an optimal software tool. The heart model is generated from preoperative MR data-sets acquired with contrast agent and allows visualisation of damaged cardiac tissue. A requirement in the development of the software tool was the use of semi-automatic functions to be more robust. Once the patient image dataset has been loaded, the user selects a region of interest. Thresholding functions allow selecting the areas of high intensities which correspond to anatomical structures filled with contrast agent, namely cardiac cavities and blood vessels. Thereafter, the target-structure, for example the left ventricle, is coarsely selected by interactively outlining the gross shape. An active contour function adjusts automatically the initial contour to the image content. The result can still be manually improved using fast interaction tools. Finally, possible scar tissue located in the cavity muscle is automatically detected and visualized on the 3D heart model. The model is exported in format which is compatible with interventional devices at hospital. The evaluation of the software tool included two steps. Firstly, a comparison with two free software tools was performed on two image data sets of variable quality. Secondly, six scientists and physicians tested our tool and filled out a questionnaire. The performance of our software tool was visually judged more satisfactory than the free software, especially on the data set of lower quality. Professionals evaluated positively our functionalities regarding time taken, ease of use and quality of results. Improvements would consist in performing the planning based on different MR modalities.

Synthesis and Enzymology of 2′-Deoxy-7-deazaisoguanosine Triphosphate and Its Complement: A Second Generation Pair in an Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 672-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh B. Karalkar ◽  
Nicole A. Leal ◽  
Myong-Sang Kim ◽  
Kevin M. Bradley ◽  
Steven A. Benner
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Second Generation

Analogues of P and Z as Efficient Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (34) ◽  
pp. 8134-8145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Jena ◽  
P. Das ◽  
B. Behera ◽  
P. C. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Genetic Information

Structural Supportive Software Tool for Fire PSA

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Šimurka ◽  
Ján Procháska
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
L1 And L2

Continually increasing requirements on nowadays full scope PSA L1 and L2 as whole, which is multiplied by importance of specific data for all modes of operation of nuclear power plant, highlight role of input data used in PSA quantification process. This fact also emphasizes the role of capability to process all necessary information to analyze all nuclear plant modes by appropriate way. Even if abovementioned aspects are relevant for all parts of nowadays PSAs, their importance is critical for internal hazards including specific fire analysis. Because internal fire analysis forms one of the most challenging PSA tasks, requiring interdisciplinary work including processing and integration of extensive amount of data in such a way that fire analysis results are fully consistent with internal PSA events and can be directly incorporated into PSA project. Application of tailored information system forms one of the ways to speed up analyzing process, enhances manageability and maintainability of particular PSA projects and provides effective reporting mean to document process of work as well as traceable and human readable documentation for customers. Such information system also allows implementing rapid changes in processing input data and reduces the risk of human error. Usage of information systems for modification of input data for Living PSA is invaluable. Transparent highly automatized processing of input data allows the analyst to obtain more accurate and better insight to evaluate aspects of particular fire and its consequences. This paper provides brief overview of VUJE approach and experience in this area. The paper introduces general purpose of database developed for PSA needs containing data for relevant PSA structure system and components as well as information relevant for flood and fire analyses. Paper explains as this basic data source is enhanced by adding several relatively independent tiers to employ all common data for fire PSA purpose. Paper also briefly introduces capability of such system to generate integrated documentation covering all stages of fire analyses, covering all screening stages of fire analysis as well as future plans to enhance this part of work in such a way to be capable to build automatic interface between PSA model and fire database to enable PSA model parameters automatic updating and expansion of fires in combinations of initiating events (for example Fire and seismic event).

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