scholarly journals Nephroprotective Effect of POLYCAN on Acute Renal Failure Induced by Cisplatin in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae-Kwang Ku ◽  
Young-Joon Lee ◽  
Sung-Dong Lee ◽  
Hyung-Rae Cho ◽  
Seung-Bae Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Sham Control Group ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

We performed to evaluate the effect of POLYCAN (β-glucan) on cisplatin-(CDDP-)induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats. POLYCAN was administered orally once a day for 32 days. Each of 8 rats per group was selected based on the body weight (BW) after acclimatization and they were sacrificed at 5 days after CDDP injection. There was significant (P<0.05) increase of BW after CDDP dosing in all POLYCAN groups than vehicle control and significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05) decrease of absolute and relative kidney weight were detected in all POLYCAN groups compared with vehicle control. In addition, serum BUN and creatinine level in all POLYCAN groups were significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05) lower than vehicle control and the percentage of degenerative regions significantly (P<0.01) decreased in all POLYCAN groups. As the results of CDDP-induced ARF process, dramatic decrease of the BW, increase of the kidney weight, serum BUN, and creatinine level were detected in vehicle control group compared with sham control group. The changes by CDDP-induced ARF process in POLYCAN groups were significantly and dose-dependently improved compared with vehicle control group. Therefore, POLYCAN has enough potential to develop as a new agent of prevention or treatment for ARF.

scholarly journals Hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs Have Superior Effect in Ameliorating Renal Function on Acute Renal Failure Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Putra ◽  
Dannis Pertiwi ◽  
Meidona Nurul Milla ◽  
Ulfah Dian Indrayani ◽  
Durotul Jannah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious disease characterised by a rapid loss of renal functions due to nephrotoxic drug or ischemic insult. The clinical treatment approach such as dialysis techniques and continuous renal enhancement have grown rapidly during past decades. However, there is yet no significant effect in improving renal function. Hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (HP-MSCs) have positive effects on the in vitro survival and stemness, in addition to angiogenic potential. AIM: In this study, we aimed to analyse the effect of HP-MSCs administration in improving renal function, characterised by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level. METHODS: A group of 15 male Wistar rats weighing 250 g to 300 g were used in this study (n = 5 for each group). Rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: Vehicle control (Veh) as a control group, HP-MSCs and normoxia MSCs (N-MSCs) as the treatment group. Renal function was evaluated based on the BUN and creatinine levels using the colourimetric method on day 5 and 13. The histological analysis using HE staining was performed on day 13. RESULTS: The result showed there is a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine level (p < 0.05). The histological analysis of renal tissue also showed a significant decrease between Veh and treatment group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on this study, we conclude that HP-MSCs have a superior beneficial effect than N-MSCs in improving renal function in an animal model of gentamicin-induced ARF.

scholarly journals Aluminium Induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Cerebrum in Presence of Ethanol Co-exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhadeb Ghosh ◽  
Suman Yadav ◽  
Ravi Kant Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Aluminium (AL) exposure leads to neurotoxicity and many problems in the body. AL role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is unknown and controversial to the scientists. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) provisional tolerable weekly intake of AL is 2 mg/kg body weight. Moderate intake of alcohol may favour body in coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus, etc. Aluminium being cheaper along with increased consumption of alcohol, mixed with each other may induce neurotoxicity. Aim: The study was designed to identify the effects of AL in cerebrum of rats in presence of ethanol co-exposure. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was carried out at Dr. RP Government Medical College, Kangra and Government Medical College, Amritsar, India after due approval from the Institute Animal Ethics Committee. Thirty-two wistar rats were divided into one vehicle control and three experimental groups. Group I received the normal saline water as vehicle control group. Group II received AL chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight as experimental group. Group III received ethanol 1 gm/kg body weight as experimental group. Group IV received both AL chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight and ethanol 1 gm/kg body weight as experimental group. After treatment, brain cortex was processed for histopathological observation under microscope. Results: Cerebral cortex showed normal architecture of the brain with haematoxylin and eosin staining and cresyl violet staining and modified Bielchowsky silver staining in low and high magnification in vehicle control group. Experimental group treated with AL and ethanol separately showed reduction in the count of pyramidal cells with moderate neuronal degeneration with pyknotic nuclei. Vacuolar changes and pericellular spaces around the necrotic neurons were also seen. Combined AL and ethanol treated group showed acute neurodegeneration and necrosis of cortex indicating chromatolysis and loss of substances and Neurofibrillary Tangle (NFT) and plaque. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the ethanol induced the effects of AL on the cerebrum and plays a significant role in AD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Effect of Metformin on the Kidney Histology of Rats in Gentamicin Induced Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3524-3526
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmad ◽  
Ayesha Aftab ◽  
Fauzia Siraj ◽  
Aisha Hameed ◽  
Zahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agent ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect ◽  
Renal Injuries

Acknowledgment: We are indebted to Dr. Rashad Hussain from department of animal sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for his consistent support and guidance for the write up of this manuscript. Study’s background and aim: Metformin, an oral antidiabetic agent has been studied in the past for its protective effects in aminoglycoside induced renal injuries. We hypothesized that the use of metformin may be protective in the aminoglycoside mediated acute renal failure. We thus tried two doses of metformin (M1; 75mg/kg/day) (M2; 150mg/kg/day) to evaluate this preventive potential on gentamicin induced acute renal failure in rats. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place of Study: Animal House of National Institute of Health Islamabad/ Department of Pharmacology, AL Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, duration was 1stAugust 2018 to 31stJanuary 2019. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into three main groups (n=10) kept under similar conditions for food and temperature. Renal failure was induced by injecting gentamicin (80mg/kg/day) intraperitonealy (ip) for eight days with simultaneous administration of oral metformin for 28 days.Slides of rats’ kidneys were prepared for histological comparison at the last day of study. Results: In gentamicin induced renal failure and simultaneous administration of metformin, the histological findings of rat kidneys showed remarkable tissue necrosis in control group and prevention in metformin treated groups. Conclusion: Based on the histological results of our study it was concluded that metformin at a dose of 150mg/kg showed a nephroprotective effect in gentamicin induced renal injuries in Sprague-Dawley rats. Keywords: Metformin, Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicty, Renal injuries, Nephroprotective effect

The Protective Effect of γ-Glutamyl l-Dopa on the Glycerol Treated Rat Model of Acute Renal Failure

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Casson ◽  
D. A. Clayden ◽  
G. F. Cope ◽  
M. R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plasma Creatinine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Urine Creatinine ◽  
Before And After

1. γ-Glutamyl l-dopa, a renal pro-drug for dopamine, was administered to rats before and after injection of glycerol, and to a control group which received water in place of glycerol. A third group of rats was given glycerol but no γ-glutamyl l-dopa. 2. The plasma creatinine in rats given γ-glutamyl l-dopa and glycerol was significantly lower than in rats receiving glycerol alone. 3. The fall in urine creatinine excretion, and polyuria, after glycerol was reduced by γ-glutamyl l-dopa and the natriuresis abolished. 4. γ-Glutamyl l-dopa given alone caused a 4000-fold increase in urine dopamine excretion, associated with a natriuresis. 5. The administration of γ-glutamyl l-dopa reduces the severity of renal failure produced by glycerol.

A Teratological Evaluation and Postnatal Behavioral Screen of KF-868 In Rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hoberman ◽  
W. M. Weatherholtz ◽  
R. S. Durloo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
High Dosage Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights

The effects of a new experimental drug, KF-868, were investigated after administration to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 0(vehicle), 0.1, 2.0, and 40.0 mg/kg per day during Days 7 through 17 of gestation by examination of term fetuses and naturally delivered offspring. Pregnant rats administered 0.1, 2.0, and 40.0 mg/kg per day gained significantly more weight during the dosage period than did the vehicle control group. Treatment-related physical signs, bloody crust on nose and stains on fur, were observed in the high dosage group. Fetal viability was significantly increased, and resorptions were significantly decreased for the mid and high dosage groups, when compared with the control group. Average fetal body weights for cesarean-delivered fetuses were less for the 40.0 mg/kg per day dosage groups than for the vehicle control group. Visceral and skeletal evaluations of fetuses revealed no difference between the control and test groups. Percent survival of pups was significantly less for the high dosage group than for the control group. Average rat body weights prior to mating for the high dosage group were generally less than for the control group. All physical and functional developmental values were comparable among the control and test groups. Evaluation of postweaning parameters of pups revealed no significant difference in sex maturation, behavior (open-field and water maze), and reproductive capacity. Average body weight gains during the 9-week growth period before mating were significantly less for the 40.0 mg/kg per day dosage group F1 generation female rats. Toxicity in fetuses and offspring was observed only at the highest dosage level. Dosage-dependent, significant increases in maternal body weight gain, as compared with control values, occurred for doses in the 3 KF-868-administered groups. These results indicate that 0.1 and 2.0 mg/kg per day dosages of KF-868 were not lethal and did not produce any adverse effects on the morphological or functional development of offspring. Toxicity was evident in offspring and fetuses of dams administered 40.0 mg/kg per day KF-868, 40,000 times as high as the daily therapeutic dose.

scholarly journals Direct effect of p,p'- DDT on mice liver

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Arroyo-Salgado ◽  
Jesús Olivero-Verbel ◽  
Angélica Guerrero-Castilla
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Mice Liver

ABSTRACT Contact with the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) can be the cause of various harmful effects in humans, wildlife, and the environment. This pesticide is known to be persistent, lipophilic, resistant to degradation, and bioaccumulive in the environment and to be slowly released into bloodstream. Growing evidence shows that exposure to DDT is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individuals exposed to elevated levels of DDT and its metabolite have an increased prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance. To evaluate these possible relationships, experiments were performed on eight-week-old female mice, divided into three groups (n = 10 per group): Group 1 received a vehicle-control intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of sesame oil; Groups 2 and 3 received an i.p. dose of 50 and 100 µg/g p,p′-DDT respectively, dissolved in sesame oil. All groups were treated once daily for four days. Real-time PCR analysis of several genes was undertaken. Additionally, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes were measured. NQO1, HMOX1, NR1I3 and NR3C1 were up-regulated in DDT-exposed animals compared to the vehicle control group, while only SREBP1 was down-regulated in the 100 µg/g group. MTTP and FABP5, not previously reported for DDT exposure, but involved in regulation of fatty acid fluxes, could also function as biomarkers cross-talking between these signaling pathways. These results suggest that beyond epidemiological data, there is increasing molecular evidence that DDT may mimic different processes involved in diabetes and insulin resistance pathways.

scholarly journals Quxie Capsule Inhibits Colon Tumor Growth Partially Through Foxo1-Mediated Apoptosis and Immune Modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541984637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Chen ◽  
Yufei Yang ◽  
Peiying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Antitumor Efficacy ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Mouse Colon

Quxie capsule (QX), a herbal remedy used in traditional Chinese medicine, is routinely used in advanced colorectal cancer treatment in Xiyuan Hospital in Beijing, China. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the effect of QX in colorectal cancer remain unclear, which hampers the optimal use of QX for the treatment of the disease. The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) plays important roles in regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and immune response in various cancers. In this study, we examined the antitumor efficacy of QX in a mouse model of colorectal cancer and further investigated the mechanism by which QX regulated Foxo1 protein-mediated pathways. QX administered via gavage daily for 2 weeks in mice carrying CT26 mouse colon tumors resulted in significantly lower mean tumor weight (0.93 ± 0.32 g) compared with that in vehicle control-treated mice (1.57 ± 0.57 g, P <.05). Foxo1 protein expression in tumors was also higher in the QX group than that in the vehicle control group. Furthermore, QX treatment upregulated apoptotic proteins such as Fas, Bim, and cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissue compared with those in the vehicle control group. Intriguingly, the ratios of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells and levels of T-bet protein (the key regulator of Th1 and Th2 cells) were higher while the level of Foxp3 (the key regulator of Treg cells) was lower in QX-treated mice compared to vehicle control mice, revealing that Foxo1 upregulated T-bet and downregulated Foxp3 and induced a shift in immune balance. This shift could be critical in the antitumor efficacy of QX. Furthermore, knocking down Foxo1 in human colon cancer HCT116 cells partially blocked the effect of QX-elicited antiproliferative activity. Together, these results suggest that QX exerts antitumor activity in CT26 mouse colon cancer model partially mediated by Foxo1-induced apoptosis and antitumor immune response.

Effect of Severe Hypoalbuminemia on Myelosuppression and Other Toxicities of High Dose Melphalan and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in AL Amyloidosis Patients

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5499-5499
Author(s):  
Shin Yin Lee ◽  
Robert Meehan ◽  
John Mark Sloan ◽  
Karen Quillen ◽  
Dina Brauneis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
High Dose Melphalan

Abstract Background: High-dose melphalan with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) has been shown to extend survival as well as to induce hematologic and clinical responses in selected patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis. The most frequent toxicities of HDM are profound myelosuppression and gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. Studies have shown that 80% of melphalan is bound to plasma proteins (60% albumin bound) with ~20% free. We hypothesized that AL amyloidosis patients with severe nephrotic syndrome and profound hypoalbuminemia might have greater free melphalan fraction and more treatment-related toxicity. Methods: Patients with AL amyloidosis treated with HDM/SCT between 2011 and 2014 with severe hypoalbuminemia (SH), defined as a pre-transplant serum albumin of ≤2g/dL, were studied retrospectively. The stem cell transplant database was queried for patient demographic information, pre-transplant albumin level, HDM dose, renal function, pre-transplant 24-hour urine protein level, time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment, and treatment-related complications. Patients with AL amyloidosis treated between 2011 and 2012 without severe hypoalbuminemia, defined as serum albumin level of > 2g/dL (WSH), served as a control group. Results: Of the 84 patients with AL amyloidosis treated with HDM/SCT in this 4 year period, 16 (19%) with SH were identified. 41 patients were identified in the control group (WSH). There was no difference in the proportion of patients with all non-hematologic grade 3 or 4 adverse events between the groups. All patients suffered from expected grade 4 myelosuppression. The only statistically different non-hematologic grade 4 toxicity in SH was acute renal failure requiring temporary hemodialysis (n=4/16, 25% SH vs n=2/41, 5% WSH; p=0.05), with 1 subject eventually needing long term dialysis. There were no grade 4 mucositis or GI toxicities in either groups. The only statistically different grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity was lightheadedness (n=3/16, 19% SH vs n=0/41, 0% WSH; p=0.02). Conclusion: These data suggest that patients with severe hypoalbuminemia do not have more prolonged myelosuppression or GI toxicities when treated with HDM/SCT compared to those with higher serum albumin levels in AL amyloidosis. Grade 4 renal toxicity with acute renal failure requiring temporary hemodialysis (p=0.05) and grade 3 lightheadedness (p=0.02) occurred more commonly in SH than WSH group. In this retrospective study, we did not measure free melphalan concentrations in the blood. However, these data suggest that patients with severe hypoalbuminemia do not require adjustment of melphalan dosing. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Mortalidad por aborto séptico en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. 1985 - 1992

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Raúl Castro ◽  
Eduardo Maradiegue
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uterine Perforation ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Foul Odor ◽  
Septic Abortion

This is a retrospective epidemiological control case type study of twenty-four deaths caused by septic abortion attended at our Hospital from 1985 through 1992. Control group consisted of 72 pregnant women who survived.. Septic abortion mortality rate was 67,3 per 100000 live newborns. Highest rate, 176,6, occurred in 1991. Mortality rate factor were 5 or more pregnancies (OR=1,7), gestational age over 16 week (OR=5,0), time from abortion maneuvers over 5 days (OR=1,7), septic shock (OR=8,5), anemia (OR=3,4), acute renal failure (OR=17,0), uterine perforation (OR=3,4), disseminated intravascular coagulation (OR=60,0), pelvic thrombophlebitis (OR = 10,2), multisystemic failure (OR=6,5) and lung shock (OR = 6,5). Significant symptoms were yellowish foul odor discharge, jaundice, petechiae, disnea and muscular pain. Main medical and surgical treatment consisted in blood and plasma transfusions, cardiotonics and anticoagulation, and hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy. Main causes of death, were septic shock, acute renal failure, multisystemic failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and lung thromboembolism.

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