scholarly journals Cardiovascular Autonomic Response to Amlodipine in Primary Hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssouf Radjab ◽  
Souad Aboudrar ◽  
Fatima Zahra Milouk ◽  
Hanan Rkain ◽  
Mustapha EL Bakkali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Before And After

Sympathetic hyperactivity may be involved in primary hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both sympathetic and vagal activity responses in patients receiving amlodipine as antihypertensive agent. Patients and Methods. This prospective study included a group of primary hypertensive patients (N=32, mean age 54.6±7.6 years). The cardiovascular autonomic tests performed in this group, before and after 3 months of daily oral administration of amlodipine, included deep breathing, hand-grip, and mental stress tests. Statistical analysis was done using the Student’s t-test. Results. Cardiovascular autonomic reflexes responses before and after 3 months of amlodipine oral administration were as follows: the mental stress test stimulation method produced a central alpha adrenergic response of 23.9±8.7% versus 11.2±2.0% (P<0.05), a central beta sympathetic response of 16.7±9.2% versus 10.4±1.3% (P<0.05), a blood pressure increase in response to hand grip test of 20.5±7.3% versus 10.7±2.4% (P<0.05), vagal response to deep breathing test was 21.2±6.5% versus 30.8±2.9%, (P<0.05). Conclusion. The results attest that amlodipine may have an anti-sympathetic effect.

Exercise performance in children and adolescents after the Ross procedure

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley S. Marino ◽  
Sara K. Pasquali ◽  
Gil Wernovsky ◽  
John R. Bockoven ◽  
Michael McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Ross Procedure ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
Before And After

Objectives:The Ross procedure is increasingly utilized in the treatment of aortic valvar disease in children and adolescents. Our purpose was to compare pre- and post-operative exercise state in this population.Methods:We included patients who underwent the Ross procedure at our institution between January, 1995, and December, 2003, and in whom we had performed pre- and post-operative exercise stress tests. We used a ramp bicycle protocol to measure consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide. Cardiac output was estimated from effective pulmonary blood flow by the helium acetylene re-breathing technique.Results:We studied 26 patients, having a median age at surgery of 15.7 years, with a range from 7.5 to 24.1 years. The primary indication for surgery in two-thirds was combined aortic stenosis and insufficiency. Median time from the operation to the post-operative exercise stress test was 17.4 months, with a range from 6.7 to 30.2 months. There was a trend toward lower maximal consumption of oxygen after the procedure, at 36.3 plus or minus 7.6 millilitres per kilogram per minute (83.9% predicted) as opposed to 38.6 plus or minus 8.4 millilitres per kilogram per minute (88.5% predicted, p equal to 0.06). Patients after the procedure, however, had significantly increased adiposity, so that there was no difference in maximal consumption of oxygen indexed to ideal body weight before and after the operation. In 20 of the patients, aerobic capacity improved or was stable after the operation. There was no post-operative chronotropic impairment.Conclusions:In the majority of patients following the Ross procedure, exercise performance is stable and within the normal range of a healthy age and sex matched population, despite sedentary lifestyles and increased adiposity.

scholarly journals Type-D Personality in Unemployed Subjects: Prevalence, Self-Efficacy and Heart Rate Variability/Autonomic Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Petrowski ◽  
Katharina Wendt ◽  
Susann Wichmann ◽  
Martin Siepmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Type D

Background:Unemployment may impair mental and physical health. The influencing factors causing such negative effects are relevant from an individual and public health perspective. The personality as one possible influencing factor was discussed. This study investigated the prevalence of the type-D personality in an unemployed population and its connections to socio-demographic, psychological and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters.Methods:A questionnaire set including socio-demographics, type-D scale (DS14), Complaint list (BL), Beck-Depression-Inventory II (BDI-II) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was handed out to 203 unemployed individuals [126 females, mean age ± SD: 42.36 ± 11.08]. For HRV assessment (RMSSD), a subsample of 83 participants [50 females, median age ± IQR: 47.00 ± 17.00] passed the “stress-tests” (timed breathing, d2-attention-stress-test, math test) while heart frequency (HF) was acquiredviathe Stressball software (BioSign GmbH, Ottenhofen, Germany).Results:53% of the unemployed had a type-D personality. Compared to non-type-D individuals, type-D individuals had rarely children and by trend a lower educational level; they showed significantly higher scores in the BDI-II and lower scores in the GSE and BL. No differences were observed in mean HF or RMSSD during all the stress-tests.Conclusion:The HRV of individuals with a type-D personality is no worse than that of individuals without a type-D personality. Type-D personality was significantly associated with negative health effects regarding depressiveness, self-efficacy and physical complaints. Our main findings implicate that the DS14 could serve as a short and reliable screening instrument to select concerned unemployed individuals who might be at risk for negative health effects for adequate intervention.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Microbubble Aeration and Dietary Probiotics BALSS on Survival and Immunity of White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Postlarvae against Acute Low Salinity Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shima Bhaskara Ayuningrum ◽  
Indah Istiqomah ◽  
Rustadi Rustadi ◽  
Bambang Triyatmo ◽  
Alim Isnansetyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Trials

Survival rate and immunity of white leg shrimp ((Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae against acute salinity stress were evaluated in indoor experimental trials. The research was conducted with 2x2 factorial design with two levels of aeration (microbubble and macro bubble) and two levels of diet (with and without probiotics) resulting four treatments in triplicate: application of microbubble with gut probiotics (MiP), without gut probiotics (MiC), and macro bubble with gut probiotics (MaP) and without probiotics (MaC). White leg shrimps measuring 7.6 g were maintained in the tanks for 60 days and fed five times a day at a dose of 5% biomass. Harvested shrimp were tested for low salinity stress (5 ppt) for 3 hours. Glucose level, total protein, bactericidal activity, natural agglutination, phenoloxidase, respiratory burst, and superoxide dismutase activities in the hemolymph and the shrimp survival rate (SR) were analyzed before and after the stress tests. Although all examined parameters remained the same between groups before the stress test, significant differences were found among them after the stress test. Microbubble aeration obtained stabilization of hemolymph glucose level, best survival rate, bactericidal activity, and agglutination activities. No significant effect was resulted by the dietary probiotic treatments, but the interaction with aeration treatments revealed the importance to compensate shrimp survival rate when microbubble aeration is unavailable.

Investigation of Forward Voltage Degradation due to Process-Induced Defects in 4H-SiC MOSFET

2018 ◽  
Vol 924 ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Konishi ◽  
Ryusei Fujita ◽  
Yuki Mori ◽  
Akio Shima
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Implantation Dose ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Forward Voltage ◽  
Current Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
Voltage Degradation

We investigated process induced defects at various ion implantation conditions, and evaluated forward voltage degradation of body diode in 3.3 kV SiC MOSFET. First, by using photoluminescence (PL) observation, we evaluated the formation level of Basal Plane Dislocations (BPD) induced by Al implantation and anneal process with various Al implantation dose. Second, 3.3 kV double-diffused SiC MOSFETs were fabricated and forward current stress tests were performed to body diodes in SiC MOSFETs. Then, electrical characteristics of SiC MOSFETs before and after the stress test were measured, and expanded Stacking faults (SFs) in SiC epitaxial layer after the stress test were observed by PL imaging method. These results indicate that low dose or high temperature Al implantation conditions can suppress the formation of BPDs, and SiC MOSFETs fabricated using optimized Al implantation conditions show high reliability under current stress test.

Cardiac function during mental stress: cholinergic modulation with pyridostigmine in healthy subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Délio SANT'ANNA ◽  
Eduardo Branco DE SOUSA ◽  
Alvaro Villela DE MORAES ◽  
Débora Lopes LOURES ◽  
Evandro Tinoco MESQUITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Double Blind

Mentally or emotionally stressful situations occur throughout our lives and cause physiological haemodynamic responses. In patients with coronary artery disease, such events can also induce myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias, increasing mortality rates. The purpose of the present study was to determine the acute effects of the oral administration of pyridostigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor and thus an indirect cholinomimetic drug, on echocardiographic variables during mental stress in healthy subjects. A total of 18 healthy young volunteers were subjected to mental stress tests (mental arithmetic and the Stroop colour–word test) 2 h after the oral administration of either placebo or pyridostigmine bromide (45 mg), using a balanced-randomized, double-blind, crossover protocol. During mental stress, heart rate (pyridostigmine, 64±1 beats/min; placebo, 70±1 beats/min; P=0.0003) and diastolic blood pressure (pyridostigmine, 66±2 mmHg; placebo, 79±3 mmHg; P=0.01) were lower in the pyridostigmine group, but systolic pressure was not (pyridostigmine, 124±3 mmHg; placebo, 123±3 mmHg; P=0.40). There were no detectable abnormalities in the left ventricular wall motion score during mental stress, but left ventricular outflow tract mean velocity (pyridostigmine, 0.68±0.02 m/s; placebo, 0.64±0.02 m/s; P<0.05) and mitral inflow velocity deceleration (placebo, 4.05±0.18 m/s2; pyridostigmine, 4.41±0.16 m/s2; P<0.05) were higher in the pyridostigmine group. In conclusion, cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine seems to increase left ventricular diastolic function during mental stress in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Dynamic Response to Mental Stress: A Multivariate Time-Frequency Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devy Widjaja ◽  
Michele Orini ◽  
Elke Vlemincx ◽  
Sabine Van Huffel
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Time Varying Parameters ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Coupling

Mental stress is a growing problem in our society. In order to deal with this, it is important to understand the underlying stress mechanisms. In this study, we aim to determine how the cardiorespiratory interactions are affected by mental arithmetic stress and attention. We conduct cross time-frequency (TF) analyses to assess the cardiorespiratory coupling. In addition, we introduce partial TF spectra to separate variations in the RR interval series that are linearly related to respiration from RR interval variations (RRV) that are not related to respiration. The performance of partial spectra is evaluated in two simulation studies. Time-varying parameters, such as instantaneous powers and frequencies, are derived from the computed spectra. Statistical analysis is carried out continuously in time to evaluate the dynamic response to mental stress and attention. The results show an increased heart and respiratory rate during stress and attention, compared to a resting condition. Also a fast reduction in vagal activity is noted. The partial TF analysis reveals a faster reduction of RRV power related to (3 s) than unrelated to (30 s) respiration, demonstrating that the autonomic response to mental stress is driven by mechanisms characterized by different temporal scales.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine responses to a psychosocial stress test for larger groups of participants: comparison of two test exposures

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Jakub Rajcani ◽  
Petra Solarikova ◽  
Igor Brezina ◽  
Daniela Jezova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Social Evaluative Threat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective. Individual stress tests characterized by social evaluative threat and uncontrollability are known to elicit strong neuroendocrine responses. We tested whether a psychosocial stressor submitted to a larger group of participants (up to 60) may elicit comparable stress responses. Methods. A total of 59 adult subjects (33 women, 26 men) participated in the study, whereas 24 of them suffered from allergy and 35 were healthy. The stress test consisted of a distraction stress task followed by a speech task, in which the participants were randomly subjected to questions related to a topic that they had to prepare as well as arithmetic questions in front of their peers and a committee that responded in standardized and non-supporting manner. State and trait anxiety inventory (STAI) for anxiety state was administrated before and after the test and salivary samples taking. The test was repeated after five months. Results. The results showed that the shared psychosocial stress application in a larger group of subjects was prosperous. The larger group test (LGST) resulted in an enhanced subjectively experienced stress and an intensive sympathetic nervous system activation, reflected by elevated salivary alpha-amylase activity and the heart rate. The cortisol increment after exposure to the stress test was not significant. Repeated exposure to the test failed to reproduce the original stress responses with exception of the heart rate rise. Conclusions. In a larger group of subjects, the psychosocial stress test did elicit stress responses similar to the individual stress tests. Our data indicate that the above-mentioned stress test is apparently not an appropriate approach for the repeated use.

scholarly journals Particularities of the changes in young swimmers’ body adaptation to the stimuli of physical and mental stress in sports training process

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11659
Author(s):  
Liliana Mihailescu ◽  
Nicoleta Dubiţ ◽  
Liviu Emanuel Mihailescu ◽  
Vladimir Potop
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adaptation To Training

Background A factor favoring the swimming performance increase is the adaptation and readaptation of body energetic and functional systems to the physical and mental stress stimuli in training and competitions. The efficiency of monitoring the young swimmers’ training is based on a precise determination of the changes in the specific adaptations. The evaluation and control of the biochemical, mental and motor changes ensure the knowledge of the particularities of body adaptation in different training stages. Methods Six young swimmers aged 12–16 years specialized in 100 m event participated in this study, conducted in four stages (E1–general, E2–specific, E3–pre-competitive and E4–competitive). The distress occurrence during adaptation to training and competition stimuli was studied in 3 levels: mental (Cohen & Williamson Test (CWT), Cohen Perceived Stress Test (CPST), Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), Crăciun Test (CT)), motor (workouts monitoring, planning of means on training areas, anaerobic threshold assessment and average training speed calculation) and biochemical (blood lactate (La) and blood glucose (Glu) before and after effort—5 and 15 minutes; level of metabolic biochemical parameters, lymphocytes and blood glucose, and also hormonal parameters—norepinephrine, prolactin and cortisol—before and after competition effort). Results Quantity results of the mental, motor and biochemical tests were analyzed in groups; the quality results for each subject in dynamics were analyzed by comparison and correlation. Psychological tests showed increases in athletes’ mental behavior by 34% at CWT (p < 0.05), by 37.5% at CPST (p < 0.05), average stress level at SCAT and 70% stress in self-confidence at CT (p < 0.01). Biochemical tests revealed an ascending dynamics of La accumulated after specific effort, with peaks in E2 period (p < 0.05) and decreases in E3 compared to E2 (p < 0.05), revealing the adaptation to specific effort and the increase in anaerobic capacity. The Glu values decrease in pre-effort and increase in minute 5 and 15 post-effort (p < 0.05) in E2 and decrease in pre- and post- effort in E3 (p < 0.05), showing the effort impact on body and ability to recover after effort. Athletes’ individual metabolic results were 50% above maximum values, mainly post-effort (42%); hormonal results were 17% over maximum values, mainly post-effort (14%). Spearman’s correlative analysis of the induced-stress stimuli in workouts revealed 6.06% significant correlations at p < 0.05 and 9.1% strong connections in competitions: 4.67% significant correlations at p < 0.05 and 6.4% strong connections. Conclusion The research demonstrated that the mental and biochemical tests results correlation with the specific motor tests facilitated the correct individualization of effort orientation in training and recovery and contributed to the knowledge of the particularities of young swimmers’ body adaptation to training and competition effort.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS DIFFERENCES OF FINGER HANDHELD AND DEEP BREATHING RELAXATION TECHNIQUES IN REDUCING HEART RATE AND STRESS LEVELS IN PRIMARY HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Setyo Upoyo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
T Test ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Relaxation Technique ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Before And After

Stress and hypertension have a reciprocal relationship where hypertension can increase stress, and stress will also increase blood pressure. Therefore we need an effort to control stress in patients with hypertension to prevent increasing blood pressure that can cause complications such as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness differences of finger handheld and deep breathing relaxation techniques to decrease heart rate and stress levels of primary hypertension patients. The research design used experimental quasi. The research was conducted in Kembaran and East Purwokerto District, Banyumas, Indonesia. The sampling technique used a simple random sampling approach, with a total sample of 50 respondents, 25 respondens got finger handheld relaxation intervention and 25 respondents got intervention deep breathing relaxation. Heart rate and stress level were measured before and after treatment using heart rate (HR) recordings on digital tensimeter and Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS). Data analysis used paired t test and independent t test.  The results showed there were significant differences in HR and stress levels before and after finger handheld relaxation (p = 0,000). There were significant differences in HR (p = 0.010) and significant levels of stress (p = 0.000) before and after deep breathing relaxation. There were significant difference in HR (p = 0.02) and there were no significant difference in stress levels (p = 0.23) after treatment (post test) between those who received finger handheld and deep breathing relaxation techniques. Conclusion: finger handheld and deep breathing relaxation techniques are equally effective in reducing stress levels in primary hypertension patients. Finger handheld relaxation technique is more effective in reducing HR than deep breathing relaxation technique.

Heritability of Heart Rate upon Stimulation in Members of Families with History of Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 718-718
Author(s):  
Francis Gossard ◽  
Zdenka Pausova ◽  
Benoit Deslauriers ◽  
Theodore A Kotchen ◽  
Allen W Cowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Math Test

P139 Objectives:Heart rate (HR) is an independant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and believed to be in part genetically determined. We have studied the heritability of HR in members of large families with history of hypertension (HT). In addition, candidate genes involved in cardiovascular regulation were tested. Methodology:Under study, families of the Saguenay-Lac St-Jean of the province of Quebec showed a higher prevalence of HT in all age groups than the national and provincial population and high degree of kinship. Using impedance plethysmography HR was recorded during posture and mental stress tests. DNA extracted from blood leucocytes was analysed by PCR for the ACE and TNF-α genes. Heritability and linkage were analysed with the FCOR and SIBPAL programs of the SAGE package. Results: HR changed significantly from the resting supine position to standing, sitting, 2 min. and 4 min. into the math test and returned to baseline after 10 min of rest. Heritability (h 2 ) estimates are shown in the table below. Indexes of h 2 were significant during math test and the recovery period (*:p<0.05,***:p<0.001). Only the ACE I/D polymorphism was suggestively linked (p=0.03) to HR and only for the post-test period. Conclusions: A significant genetic component of HR was observed only during stimulation by the mental stress test. At the post-test period, a part of the heritable component appeared to be linked to the ACE locus. (Supported by MRC and NIH SCOR program)

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