scholarly journals Design of Competitive Processing Plants for Hemp Fibre Production

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ralf Pecenka ◽  
Carsten Lühr ◽  
Hans-Jörg Gusovius
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Hemp Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Logistic Cost ◽  
New Processing

Despite an annually growing demand for natural fibres accompanied by worldwide increasing fibre prices as well as long tradition and experience in fibre processing, the production facilities for hemp and flax fibres are very limited in Europe. At present, the lack of modern harvesting and economic processing technologies seem to be the greatest obstacles for hemp fibre producers under the changing conditions of international raw material markets. Therefore, detailed investigations of all process stages of hemp fibre processing have been carried out at the Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB). A novel hemp processing line has been developed, installed, and tested at industrial scale in the last 3 years. Investigations regarding optimum plant layout have shown that a straw throughput of approximately 4 t h−1 is required for economic fibre production for all new processing lines at currently high straw prices of more than 150 € t−1. Throughputs in the range from 4 to 6 t h−1 showed a favourable relation between profit and investment cost. At throughputs higher than 6 t h−1, the profit per ton processed straw can be further increased. But investment and straw logistic cost increase at these high-throughput levels often much faster.

scholarly journals Sensory Profile and Acceptability of Juices from Mandarin Varieties and Hybrids

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Carbonell ◽  
S. Bayarri ◽  
J.L. Navarro ◽  
I. Carbonell ◽  
L. Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Processing Plants

Fresh juices from mandarin varieties, from hybrids, and from blends of these raw materials were evaluated by 100 consumers to determine acceptability, and by 10 trained panelists to quantify sensory attributes. Trained panelists found the juice from Clemenules richer in both mandarin and fresh flavor (odor and taste) whereas Nova juice presented minimum scores for these attributes. These aspects obviously affected the evaluation of acceptability by consumers, who preferred the juice from Clemenules (a Clementine variety) either alone or blended in major proportions with less preferred varieties such as Marisol, Hernandina (Clementines), Ortanique or Nova (hybrids). Nova juice was rejected by most consumers, but accepted by a small group of them. These results are of great importance for the European citrus industry since Clemenules is the most abundant variety and will constitute the main source of raw material for processing plants.

scholarly journals Valorization of Tomato Surplus and Waste Fractions: A Case Study Using Norway, Belgium, Poland, and Turkey as Examples

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Løvdal ◽  
Droogenbroeck ◽  
Eroglu ◽  
Kaniszewski ◽  
Agati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

There is a large potential in Europe for valorization in the vegetable food supply chain. For example, there is occasionally overproduction of tomatoes for fresh consumption, and a fraction of the production is unsuited for fresh consumption sale (unacceptable color, shape, maturity, lesions, etc.). In countries where the facilities and infrastructure for tomato processing is lacking, these tomatoes are normally destroyed, used as landfilling or animal feed, and represent an economic loss for producers and negative environmental impact. Likewise, there is also a potential in the tomato processing industry to valorize side streams and reduce waste. The present paper provides an overview of tomato production in Europe and the strategies employed for processing and valorization of tomato side streams and waste fractions. Special emphasis is put on the four tomato-producing countries Norway, Belgium, Poland, and Turkey. These countries are very different regards for example their climatic preconditions for tomato production and volumes produced, and represent the extremes among European tomato producing countries. Postharvest treatments and applications for optimized harvest time and improved storage for premium raw material quality are discussed, as well as novel, sustainable processing technologies for minimum waste and side stream valorization. Preservation and enrichment of lycopene, the primary health promoting agent and sales argument, is reviewed in detail. The European volume of tomato postharvest wastage is estimated at >3 million metric tons per year. Together, the optimization of harvesting time and preprocessing storage conditions and sustainable food processing technologies, coupled with stabilization and valorization of processing by-products and side streams, can significantly contribute to the valorization of this underutilized biomass.

scholarly journals Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5722-5729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen T. Elvers ◽  
Victoria K. Morris ◽  
Diane G. Newell ◽  
Vivien M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Molecular Tracking ◽  
Carcass Contamination

ABSTRACTMany of the poultry flocks produced in the United Kingdom are colonized withCampylobacter, and the intensive nature of poultry processing usually results in contaminated carcasses. In this study, a previously reported molecular oligonucleotide probe method was used to track a specific flock-colonizing strain(s) on broiler carcasses during processing in two United Kingdom commercial poultry processing plants. FiveCampylobacter-positive flocks were sampled at four points along the processing line, postbleed, postpluck, prechill, and postchill, and twoCampylobacter-negative flocks processed immediately after positive flocks were sampled prechill.flaAwas sequenced fromCampylobacterstrains isolated from these flocks, and strain-specific probes were synthesized. Skin and cecal samples were plated onto selective agar to give individual colonies, which were transferred onto membranes. These were then hybridized with the strain- and genus-specific probes. For all the 5 positive flocks, there was a significant reduction in campylobacters postbleed compared to postpluck but no subsequent fall on sampling pre- and postchill, and the strain(s) predominating on the carcasses throughout processing came from the flock being processed. This indicates that strains from the abattoir environment were not a significant cause of carcass contamination in flocks with well-established campylobacter colonization. However, negative flocks that were preceded by positive flocks were contaminated by strains that did not generally originate from the predominating strains recovered from the ceca of the previous positive flocks. This suggests that the abattoir environment has a significant role in the contamination of carcasses from negative but not fully colonized flocks.

scholarly journals Occurrence and traceability of Salmonella spp. in five Sardinian fermented sausage facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Piras ◽  
Carlo Spanu ◽  
Anna Maria Mocci ◽  
Mariella Demontis ◽  
Enrico Petro Luigi De Santis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ground Pork ◽  
Processing Plants

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the presence of Salmonella in five fermented sausage processing plants and their products during the production process, and to trace the possible sources of contamination. A total of 270 samples were collected: mixture of ground pork meat and fat, products at the end of acidification, sausages at the end of ripening and, during production stages, surfaces in contact with meat and surfaces not in contact with meat. For samples of ground meat, product at the end of acidification and sausages at the end of ripening, the pH and water activity (aw), were determined. All the samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella. Thirtytwo Salmonella isolates were obtained, subjected to serotyping and PFGE. The sausages at the end of ripening pH and aw mean values were 5.39±0.24 and 0.91±0.03, respectively. Salmonella was detected in three processing plants with an overall prevalence of 16.7% in food samples and 5.8% in environmental samples. Salmonella prevalence was 24% in ground meat and products at the end of acidification and was also detected in a sample of sausage at the end of ripening (2%). In environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 6.6% of surfaces in contact with meat and 5% of surfaces not in contact with meat. Five serotypes were identified among 32 isolates: S. Derby (37.5%), S. Typhimurium and S. Rissen (both 25%), S. Give and monophasic S. Typhimurium (both 6.25%). Six different pulsotypes were obtained with PFGE. The serotypes and the PFGE pattern of the strains were specific for each facility with no overlapping between different processing plants. The same observation can be pointed out considering different sampling days for the same processing plants, thus presumably indicating the raw material (ground pork meat and fat) as the source of contamination. The detection of Salmonella in a sample of sausage at the end of ripening highlights the ability of the pathogen to survive during manufacturing process.

scholarly journals New processing technologies: an overview

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame W. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Food Preservation ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
High Intensity Laser ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Intensity Laser

Most food-preservation techniques act by slowing down or completely inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms. Few techniques act by inactivating them. While heat remains the technique most extensively used for inactivation, there has been increasing interest recently in the development of alternative approaches in response to the desires of consumers for products which are less organoleptically and nutritionally damaged during processing and less reliant on additives than previously. The new approaches, therefore, mostly involve technologies that offer full or partial alternatives to heat for the inactivation of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. They include the application to foods of high hydrostatic pressure, high-voltage electric discharges, high-intensity laser and non-coherent light pulses, ‘manothermosonication’ (the combination of mild heating with ultrasonication and slightly-raised pressure), and high-magnetic-field pulses. In addition, a number of naturally-occurring antimicrobials, including lysozyme and low-molecular-weight products of micro-organisms are finding increasing use. High pressure is being used commercially to non-thermally pasteurize a number of foods, while the other physical procedures are in various stages of development and commercial evaluation. Possible nutritional consequences have so far been given little attention compared with microbiological ones.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIOFUEL MARKET IN THE UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Jarosław Gołębiewski ◽  
Oleg Kucher
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Liquid Biofuel ◽  
Model Formation

The state and prospects of development of the liquid biofuel market in the context of rationalization of the use of the available natural resource potential of the Ukraine are considered. It is established that, in general, the balance of renewable energy sources, production and use of liquid biofuels is negligible. It is noted that for the full development of the market of liquid biofuels, it is necessary to create a strong raw material base and appropriate infrastructure to ensure the storage, processing, transportation and sale of finished products. Attention is drawn to a lack of an effective public policy system that would encourage the production and use of bioethanol and biodiesel and the feasibility of developing a financial support programme for producers of this type of biofuel to ensure greater consumer appeal over traditional fuels. It is determined that in order to meet the indicators of the National Action Plan for the production of bioethanol and biodiesel, it is necessary to increase capacity and put new processing enterprises into operation. The structure of economic model formation is suggested, which reflects the necessary solutions for the development of the liquid biofuel market, which considers its benefits, risks, product confidence and types of support.

Influence of qualitative and dimensional classification of Pinewood raw material as an efficiency indicator in the production of selected timber assortments

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
MAREK WIERUSZEWSKI ◽  
RADOSŁAW MIRSKI ◽  
JAKUB KAWALERCZYK ◽  
ADRIAN TROCIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Technological Processing

Wood processing plants in Poland are recipients of more than 50% of round wood, which is delivered by the State Forests National Forest Holding. Thus playing a crucial role in the technological processing of raw material for all other wood industry branches. Each group of recipients has individual needs and expectations concerning the quality of the raw material such as, its type and the size of the cross-sections of the assortment used for further production. Therefore, it is economically justified for small production plants to abandon the production of narrow groups of assortments, which usually meets the standards of timber for general purposes. The aim is to make wood processing more flexible and lower the quality of raw material to produce assortments for a specific branches of the wood industry. Wood processing experiments were conducted to produce laths for construction purposes. These materials are one of the most important elements of roof constructions. The research proved empirically that it was possible to produce quality class 1 laths (88% of all laths produced) from WC0 class pinewood used as the input raw material and that the quantitative efficiency exceeded 55%.

Broiler Carcass Reprocessing, A Further Evaluation

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 983-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. BLANKENSHIP ◽  
J. S. BAILEY ◽  
N. A. COX ◽  
M. T. MUSGROVE ◽  
M. E. BERRANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Commercial Processing

The microbiological quality of 745 conventionally processed and 745 reprocessed broiler carcasses was determined. Carcasses were taken from the processing line prior to entering the chiller in five commercial processing plants. Each plant was sampled twice during the winter, spring, and summer. Analyses included aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli counts plus qualitative Salmonella (SAL) prevalence. Differences between overall mean log10 counts for aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli were not significant. The prevalence of SAL detected on conventionally processed and reprocessed carcasses also was not significantly different. Some variation was observed in microbiological quality of carcasses among processing plants. Although the SAL prevalence appeared to decline from winter to summer replications, no significant trend could be demonstrated. Continuation of the practice of reprocessing carcasses appears justified.

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