scholarly journals Effect of Stem Rust on the Quality of Selected Barley Genotypes

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Mwando ◽  
I. M. Tabu ◽  
O. D. Otaye ◽  
P. N. Njau
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
New Race ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Catastrophic Disease

Stem rust, (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) is a catastrophic disease of barley. Previously stem-rust-tolerant genes were incorporated in genotypes of wheat grown in Kenya, but in 1999, a new race Ug99 that is virulent to the genes was detected in Uganda. The new race spread rapidly and, in 2001, stem rust Ug99 isolates were detected in Kenya. Although barley is an important crop affected by stem rust, limited work has been done to it. In this study 20 barley cultivars from Kenya and from International Centre for Agriculture Research in Dry Area (ICARDA) were screened in greenhouse environment and in the field with isolate of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. At seedling stage, the infection levels ranged from 0 to 2, except in ICARDA-09 and ICARDA-11 that showed infection types 3 and 3, 4, respectively. At adult plant stage, genotypes ICARDA-01, Nguzo, and Karne were moderately resistant while the rest were susceptible or moderately susceptible. In the field, the new line 1512-5 showed the highest severity of 93% in season 1, with Sabini having the highest severity of 30% in the second season. The highest reduction in percent germination (54.1% and 38.3%) was recorded in 1385-13 and ICARDA-10 in season 1 and 2, respectively. The highest loss (9.00%) in protein content was observed in Sabini in season 1. It is evident that stem rust Ug99 is a threat to beer industry and there is need for regular monitoring of the stem rust pathogen, in particular isolates in the variable Ug99 lineage, as well as continued resistance breeding. The study has demonstrated the pathogenicity of PgtUg99 to barley despite the fact that it poses a great threat to wheat production in the world.

scholarly journals Analyzing Genetic Diversity for Virulence and Resistance Phenotypes in Populations of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) and Winter Rye (Secale cereale)

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Miedaner ◽  
Ann-Kristin Schmitt ◽  
Bettina Klocke ◽  
Brigitta Schmiedchen ◽  
Peer Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Rust Severity

Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) leads to considerable yield losses in rye-growing areas with continental climate, from Eastern Germany to Siberia. For implementing resistance breeding, it is of utmost importance to (i) analyze the diversity of stem rust populations in terms of pathotypes (= virulence combinations) and (ii) identify resistance sources in winter rye populations. We analyzed 323 single-uredinial isolates mainly collected from German rye-growing areas across 3 years for their avirulence/virulence on 15 rye inbred differentials. Out of these, 226 pathotypes were detected and only 56 pathotypes occurred more than once. This high diversity was confirmed by a Simpson index of 1.0, a high Shannon index (5.27), and an evenness index of 0.97. In parallel, we investigated stem rust resistance among and within 121 heterogeneous rye populations originating mainly from Russia, Poland, Austria, and the United States across 3 to 15 environments (location−year combinations). While German rye populations had an average stem rust severity of 49.7%, 23 nonadapted populations were significantly (P < 0.01) more resistant with a stem rust severity ranging from 3 to 40%. Out of these, two modern Russian breeding populations and two old Austrian landraces were the best harboring 32 to 70% fully resistant plants across 8 to 10 environments. These populations with the lowest disease severity in adult-plant stage in the field also displayed resistance in leaf segment tests. In conclusion, stem rust populations are highly diverse and the majority of resistances in rye populations seems to be race specific.

EVIDENCE FOR COMPLEMENTARY GENE ACTION CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA GRAMINIS AVENAE IN AVENA SATIVA

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Martens ◽  
P. G. Rothman ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
P. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Complementary Gene Action

Plants derived from a cross between the oat cultivar Kyto (Avena sativa L.) and A. sterilis L. were highly resistant to oat stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.) in the adult plant stage. This resistance was much superior to that of either parent. This is the first example of transgressive segregation in this host-parasite system. The genetic mechanism of this resistance is not completely understood but the resistance appears to be conferred by gene Pg-12 from Kyto interacting with a second gene. An alternate hypothesis is that a suppressor gene in Kyto prevents the resistance conditioned by Pg-12 from being expressed in the adult plant stage. This type of resistance is highly effective against all but two of the oat stem rust races known to occur in North America.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to wheat stem rust and identification of resistance genes in wheat lines from Heilongjiang province

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10580
Author(s):  
Qiujun Lin ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Xianxin Wu ◽  
Xinyu Ni ◽  
Rongzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
New Germplasm

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, (Pgt) is a devastating disease in wheat production. The disease has been effectively controlled since the 1970s due to the widespread use of the Sr31 resistance gene. However, Sr31 has lost its effectiveness following the emergence and spread of the Ug99 race variants. Therefore, there is an urgent global effort to identify new germplasm resources effective against those races. In this study, the resistance to Pgt of 95 wheat advance lines from Heilongjiang Province was evaluated using three predominant races of Pgt, 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MKGSM, and 34C3MTGQM, in China at the seedling and adult plant stage. The presence of 6 Sr genes (Sr2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, and Sr38) was evaluated using linked molecular markers. The results showed that 86 (90.5%) wheat lines had plant stage resistance to all three races. Molecular marker analysis showed that 24 wheat lines likely carried Sr38, 15 wheat lines likely carried Sr2, 11 wheat lines likely carried Sr31, while none of the wheat lines carried Sr24, Sr25, or Sr26. Furthermore, six out of the 95 wheat lines tested carried both Sr2 and Sr38, three contained both Sr31 and Sr38, and two wheat lines contained both Sr2 and Sr31. Wheat lines with known Sr genes may be used as donor parents for further breeding programs to provide resistance to stem rust.

scholarly journals Characterization of Seedling Infection Types and Adult Plant Infection Responses of Monogenic Sr Gene Lines to Race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jin ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
R. W. Ward ◽  
R. Wanyera ◽  
M. Kinyua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Sr Genes ◽  
Seedling Infection

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, historically was one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and barley. The disease has been under effective control worldwide through the widespread use of host resistance. A number of stem rust resistance genes in wheat have been characterized for their reactions to specific races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Adult plant responses to race TTKS (also known as Ug99) of monogenic lines for Sr genes, a direct measurement of the effectiveness for a given gene, have not been investigated to any extent. This report summarizes adult plant infection responses and seedling infection types for monogenic lines of designated Sr genes challenged with race TTKS. High infection types at the seedling stage and susceptible infection responses in adult plants were observed on monogenic lines carrying Sr5, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 9d, 9g, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 30, 31, 34, 38, and Wld-1. Monogenic lines of resistance genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44, Tmp, and Tt-3 were effective against TTKS both at the seedling and adult plant stages. The low infection types to race TTKS observed for these resistance genes corresponded to the expected low infections of these genes to other incompatible races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. The level of resistance conferred by these genes at the adult plant stage varied between highly resistant to moderately susceptible. The results from this study were inconclusive for determining the effectiveness of resistance genes Sr9e, 14, 21, and 29 against race TTKS. The understanding of the effectiveness of individual Sr genes against race TTKS will facilitate the utilization of these genes in breeding for stem rust resistance in wheat.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wheat Monogenic Lines with Known Sr Genes and Wheat Lines with Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group for Resistance to Prevalent Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939-1943
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Qiu Jun Lin ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Rong Zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious fungal diseases in wheat production, seriously threatening the global supply of wheat and endangering food security. The present study was conducted to evaluate wheat monogenic lines with known Sr genes to the most prevalent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in China. In addition, wheat lines introduced from the International Maize and Wheat improvement Center (CIMMYT) with resistance to the Ug99 race group were also evaluated with the prevalent Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The monogenic lines containing Sr9e, Sr21, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33, Sr35, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47, and SrTt3 were effective against races 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MRGSM, and 34C3MTGQM at both seedling and adult-plant stages. In contrast, monogenic lines containing Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr13, Sr16, Sr18, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr28, Sr29, and Sr34 were highly susceptible to these races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Lines with Sr5, Sr10, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr17, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr25, Sr27, Sr29, Sr30, Sr32, Sr36, and Sr39 were resistant to one or more of the tested races. Among the 123 CIMMYT lines, 38 (30.9%) showed varying levels of susceptibility to Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The results should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stem rust.

Components of resistance in barley to stem rust: receptivity, urediniospore production, latent period, and infection response in adult plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Liu ◽  
D. E. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Infection Response ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Adult Plants

Resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, is often variably expressed. This study was undertaken to evaluate several components of stem rust resistance in the barley cultivars or lines Tupper, Robust, Q21861, SB90585, SB91702, and Harrington and to compare them with the susceptible wheat cultivar Little Club (Triticum aestivum). Stems of adult plants were quantitatively inoculated with urediniospores of races QCC, QFC, and TPM of P. graminis tritici. Significant differences in receptivity, urediniospore production, and latent period were observed among the barley lines and between all barley lines and Little Club wheat. The degrees of receptivity and the levels of urediniospore production on the barley lines were related to the presence or absence of the specific resistance genes Rpg1, rpg4, and possibly additional noncharacterized gene(s). Receptivity was the most strongly expressed of all of the components measured. Receptivity, spore production, and infection response were highly correlated to each other, but only infection response was significantly correlated to latent period. The usefulness of measuring these components to evaluate resistance in barley breeding is discussed. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare, stem rust, Puccinia graminis tritici, resistance, components.

Inheritance of resistance to stem rust in 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', 'MRFY', 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope' wheats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
M. Padidam ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Minor Genes

Resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks, and Henn.), particularly adult plant resisitance to race 15B-1, was studied in seven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars or lines: 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', 'MRFY', 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope'. Each of the seven was crossed with a susceptible parent and either F4- or F5-derived lines developed by single seed descent. All of the lines were tested with race 15B-1 in field nurseries. Lines derived from parents carrying seedling resistance to race 15B-1 were also tested as seedlings in the greenhouse with race 15B-1, and in some cases races 56, 29, and C65. The data indicated that 'Bonza' carries Sr6, probably Sr5, an unidentified gene giving resistance to race 56, two unidentified genes for resistance to race C65, and two minor genes that combine to produce intermediate adult plant resistance. 'Chris' carries Sr5, Sr7a, Sr8a, and Sr12. In addition, it may have three minor genes for adult plant resistance. 'FKN-II-50-17' carries Sr6 and may have four minor genes that combine to produce moderate adult plant resistance. 'MRFY', which is seedling susceptible to race 15B-1, carries Sr9b, possibly Sr5, plus an unidentified gene for resistance to C65. In addition, it appears to have one major gene for adult plant resistance plus two or more minor genes. 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope' had only limited resistance to race 15B-1 in the field and no genetic analysis of their crosses was possible. The four parents that had good resistance to race 15B-1 in the field, 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', and 'MRFY', all carry minor genes for adult plant resistance that had little effect individually but produced moderate resistance when combined. The genes Sr5 and Sr9b, which have no effect on resistance to 15B-1 is seedlings, were found to significantly increase resistance in adult plants in the field.Key words: stem rust, Puccinia graminis tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, adult plant rust resistance.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variability of Wheat Stem Rust Pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Hararghe Highlands, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arif Abrahim ◽  
Temam Hussein ◽  
Ayele Badebo
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Infection Types

Wheat is one of the important major crops of Hararghe Highlands. It is third in land coverage and total production after sorghum and maize. However, the wheat stem rust disease is threatening production of wheat in this region. So, this research was conducted with the following objective: to determine the population of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Hararghe Highlands. A total of 200 fields were surveyed and stem rust samples were collected and transported to Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center for race analysis. Inoculation of differentials carrying resistance genes Sr24 and Sr-Tmp indicated typical low infection types on all isolates. Isolates EH5, EH8, and EH3 from East Hararghe and WH2, WH1, and WH3 from West Hararghe showed high virulence of infection in all differential lines. Ten (10) races were identified by using Puccinia graminis tritici code system: TTGSK, PTJQK, TTSSK, TTKSK, TRSSK, and TTJQK from East Hararghe and TTTSK and TTSQK from West Hararghe zones. Race TTSSK was most frequent (25%) followed by TTKSK (25%) in East Hararghe. Race TTSSK showed 50% frequency of occurrence in West Hararghe zones. The low frequency of occurrences indicated high variability of the races in the survey areas. Therefore, monitoring of populations of pathogens is important for the national and regional research centers. Detection of pathogen virulence evolution and of currently effective resistance genes is necessary and must be applied within a system of resistance gene management.

Virulence Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae and Resistance of Oat Cultivars in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianya Li ◽  
Yiwei Xu ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Yazhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
First Time

Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga), is one of the most devastating diseases of oat. The most cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy to control this disease is the use of resistant cultivars. However, P. graminis f. sp. avenae can overcome the resistance of cultivars by rapidly changing its virulence. Thus, information on the virulence of P. graminis f. sp. avenae populations and resistance of cultivars is critical to control the disease. The current study was conducted to monitor the virulence composition and dynamics in the P. graminis f. sp. avenae population in China and to evaluate resistance of oat cultivars. Oat leaves naturally infected by P. graminis f. sp. avenae were collected during 2018 and 2019 and 159 isolates were derived from single uredinia. The isolates were tested on 12 international differential lines, and eight races, TJJ, TBD, TJB, TJD, TJL, TJN, TGD, and TKN, were identified for the first time in China. The predominant race was TJD, virulent against Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg4, Pg8, Pg9, and Pg15, accounting for 35.8% and 37.8% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The sub-predominant races were TJN (30.2% in 2018, 28.3% in 2019) and TKN (20.8% in 2018, 12.3% in 2019). All isolates were virulent to Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, and Pg4, and avirulent to Pg6 and Pg16. The three predominant races (TJD, TJN, and TKN) were used to evaluate resistance in 30 Chinese oat cultivars at the seedling and adult-plant stages. Five cultivars, Bayan 1, Baiyan 2, Baiyan 3, Baiyan 5, and Baiyan 9, were highly resistant to the three races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. The results of the virulences and frequencies of P. graminis f. sp. avenae races and the resistant cultivars will be useful in understanding the pathogen migration and evolution and for breeding oat cultivars with stem rust resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document