EVIDENCE FOR COMPLEMENTARY GENE ACTION CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA GRAMINIS AVENAE IN AVENA SATIVA

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Martens ◽  
P. G. Rothman ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
P. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Complementary Gene Action

Plants derived from a cross between the oat cultivar Kyto (Avena sativa L.) and A. sterilis L. were highly resistant to oat stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.) in the adult plant stage. This resistance was much superior to that of either parent. This is the first example of transgressive segregation in this host-parasite system. The genetic mechanism of this resistance is not completely understood but the resistance appears to be conferred by gene Pg-12 from Kyto interacting with a second gene. An alternate hypothesis is that a suppressor gene in Kyto prevents the resistance conditioned by Pg-12 from being expressed in the adult plant stage. This type of resistance is highly effective against all but two of the oat stem rust races known to occur in North America.

scholarly journals Analyzing Genetic Diversity for Virulence and Resistance Phenotypes in Populations of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) and Winter Rye (Secale cereale)

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Miedaner ◽  
Ann-Kristin Schmitt ◽  
Bettina Klocke ◽  
Brigitta Schmiedchen ◽  
Peer Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Rust Severity

Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) leads to considerable yield losses in rye-growing areas with continental climate, from Eastern Germany to Siberia. For implementing resistance breeding, it is of utmost importance to (i) analyze the diversity of stem rust populations in terms of pathotypes (= virulence combinations) and (ii) identify resistance sources in winter rye populations. We analyzed 323 single-uredinial isolates mainly collected from German rye-growing areas across 3 years for their avirulence/virulence on 15 rye inbred differentials. Out of these, 226 pathotypes were detected and only 56 pathotypes occurred more than once. This high diversity was confirmed by a Simpson index of 1.0, a high Shannon index (5.27), and an evenness index of 0.97. In parallel, we investigated stem rust resistance among and within 121 heterogeneous rye populations originating mainly from Russia, Poland, Austria, and the United States across 3 to 15 environments (location−year combinations). While German rye populations had an average stem rust severity of 49.7%, 23 nonadapted populations were significantly (P < 0.01) more resistant with a stem rust severity ranging from 3 to 40%. Out of these, two modern Russian breeding populations and two old Austrian landraces were the best harboring 32 to 70% fully resistant plants across 8 to 10 environments. These populations with the lowest disease severity in adult-plant stage in the field also displayed resistance in leaf segment tests. In conclusion, stem rust populations are highly diverse and the majority of resistances in rye populations seems to be race specific.

DANGEROUS NEW RACES OF OAT STEM RUST AND SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO THEM

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Green ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
New Races ◽  
Moderately Resistant

New races of oat stem rust that can attack varieties carrying all identified resistance genes were found in Canada between 1957 and 1963. Varieties moderately resistant to some of these races have been found, but they are susceptible to other less-prevalent races. Some of the sources of resistance are: Ukraine, C.I. 3259; Ark. 674(2)-39-F, C.I. 4529; C.I. 4673; C.I. 5109; Santa Fe Selection, C.I. 5844; C.I. 6792; Silva No. 1729-49-1, C.I. 6849; and Rosen’s Mutant. White Russian (gene D) and Sevnothree (gene E) were resistant in the adult plant stage to one culture of race 6AF, although susceptible in the seedling stage.

scholarly journals Effect of Stem Rust on the Quality of Selected Barley Genotypes

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Mwando ◽  
I. M. Tabu ◽  
O. D. Otaye ◽  
P. N. Njau
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
New Race ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Catastrophic Disease

Stem rust, (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) is a catastrophic disease of barley. Previously stem-rust-tolerant genes were incorporated in genotypes of wheat grown in Kenya, but in 1999, a new race Ug99 that is virulent to the genes was detected in Uganda. The new race spread rapidly and, in 2001, stem rust Ug99 isolates were detected in Kenya. Although barley is an important crop affected by stem rust, limited work has been done to it. In this study 20 barley cultivars from Kenya and from International Centre for Agriculture Research in Dry Area (ICARDA) were screened in greenhouse environment and in the field with isolate of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. At seedling stage, the infection levels ranged from 0 to 2, except in ICARDA-09 and ICARDA-11 that showed infection types 3 and 3, 4, respectively. At adult plant stage, genotypes ICARDA-01, Nguzo, and Karne were moderately resistant while the rest were susceptible or moderately susceptible. In the field, the new line 1512-5 showed the highest severity of 93% in season 1, with Sabini having the highest severity of 30% in the second season. The highest reduction in percent germination (54.1% and 38.3%) was recorded in 1385-13 and ICARDA-10 in season 1 and 2, respectively. The highest loss (9.00%) in protein content was observed in Sabini in season 1. It is evident that stem rust Ug99 is a threat to beer industry and there is need for regular monitoring of the stem rust pathogen, in particular isolates in the variable Ug99 lineage, as well as continued resistance breeding. The study has demonstrated the pathogenicity of PgtUg99 to barley despite the fact that it poses a great threat to wheat production in the world.

scholarly journals A Genome-Wide Association Study of Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei and P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Barley and Development of Resistant Germplasm

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Hernandez ◽  
Alicia del Blanco ◽  
Tanya Filichkin ◽  
Scott Fisk ◽  
Lynn Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Plant Stage

Stripe rust (incited by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) and stem rust (incited by P. graminis f. sp. tritici) are two of the most important diseases affecting barley. Building on prior work involving the introgression of the resistance genes rpg4/Rpg5 into diverse genetic backgrounds and the discovery of additional quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for stem rust resistance, we generated an array of germplasm in which we mapped resistance to stripe rust and stem rust. Stem rust races TTKSK and QCCJB were used for resistance mapping at the seedling and adult plant stages, respectively. Resistance to stripe rust, at the adult plant stage, was determined by QTLs on chromosomes 1H, 4H, and 5H that were previously reported in the literature. The rpg4/Rpg5 complex was validated as a source of resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage. Some parental germplasm, selected as potentially resistant to stem rust or susceptible but having other positive attributes, showed resistance at the seedling stage, which appears to be allelic to rpg4/Rpg5. The rpg4/Rpg5 complex, and this new allele, were not sufficient for adult plant resistance to stem rust in one environment. A QTL on 5H, distinct from Rpg5 and a previously reported resistance QTL, was required for resistance at the adult plant stage in all environments. This QTL is coincident with the QTL for stripe rust resistance. Germplasm with mapped genes/QTLs conferring resistance to stripe and stem rust was identified and is available as a resource to the research and breeding communities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to wheat stem rust and identification of resistance genes in wheat lines from Heilongjiang province

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10580
Author(s):  
Qiujun Lin ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Xianxin Wu ◽  
Xinyu Ni ◽  
Rongzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
New Germplasm

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, (Pgt) is a devastating disease in wheat production. The disease has been effectively controlled since the 1970s due to the widespread use of the Sr31 resistance gene. However, Sr31 has lost its effectiveness following the emergence and spread of the Ug99 race variants. Therefore, there is an urgent global effort to identify new germplasm resources effective against those races. In this study, the resistance to Pgt of 95 wheat advance lines from Heilongjiang Province was evaluated using three predominant races of Pgt, 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MKGSM, and 34C3MTGQM, in China at the seedling and adult plant stage. The presence of 6 Sr genes (Sr2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, and Sr38) was evaluated using linked molecular markers. The results showed that 86 (90.5%) wheat lines had plant stage resistance to all three races. Molecular marker analysis showed that 24 wheat lines likely carried Sr38, 15 wheat lines likely carried Sr2, 11 wheat lines likely carried Sr31, while none of the wheat lines carried Sr24, Sr25, or Sr26. Furthermore, six out of the 95 wheat lines tested carried both Sr2 and Sr38, three contained both Sr31 and Sr38, and two wheat lines contained both Sr2 and Sr31. Wheat lines with known Sr genes may be used as donor parents for further breeding programs to provide resistance to stem rust.

Identification and Indices Screening of Drought Resistance at Adult Plant Stage in Job's Tears Germplasm Resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Can WANG ◽  
Ling-Bo ZHOU ◽  
Guo-Bing ZHANG ◽  
Li-Yi ZHANG ◽  
Yan XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Job’S Tears ◽  
Plant Stage

Isolation and characterization of yellow rust resistant mutants in wheat.

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Suman Bakshi ◽  
Johar Singh ◽  
Sanjay J. Jambhulkar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Resistant Mutants

Abstract Stripe rust, also known as yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a major threat to wheat production leading to yield losses up to 84%. Due to climate change, new races of the yellow rust pathogen are appearing for which no durable source of resistance has been observed in the present high-yielding varieties. A mutation breeding programme was initiated in two popular varieties, namely PBW343 and HD2967, using gamma-ray and electron beam irradiation. Gamma-ray doses of 250, 300 and 350 Gy and electron beam doses of 150, 200 and 250 Gy were used for seed irradiation. The M2 population was screened in the field from seedling to adult plant stage by spraying a mixture of urediniospores of Pst pathotypes. Disease severity was recorded as the percentage of leaf area covered by the rust pathogen following a modified Cobb's scale. A total of 52 putative yellow rust resistant mutants in HD2967 and 63 in PBW343 were isolated. The number of mutants was higher in the electron beam irradiated population compared with gamma-rays. The absence of sporulation and spore production of the rust pathogen on the mutants indicated resistance. Mutant plants showing seedling resistance also showed resistance at adult plant stage. Seed yield and its contributing characters were better in the mutants compared with the parents. These rust resistant mutants could be novel sources of stripe rust or yellow rust resistance. The plant-to-row progenies of these mutants were confirmed and characterized in the M3 generation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wheat Monogenic Lines with Known Sr Genes and Wheat Lines with Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group for Resistance to Prevalent Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939-1943
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Qiu Jun Lin ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Rong Zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious fungal diseases in wheat production, seriously threatening the global supply of wheat and endangering food security. The present study was conducted to evaluate wheat monogenic lines with known Sr genes to the most prevalent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in China. In addition, wheat lines introduced from the International Maize and Wheat improvement Center (CIMMYT) with resistance to the Ug99 race group were also evaluated with the prevalent Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The monogenic lines containing Sr9e, Sr21, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33, Sr35, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47, and SrTt3 were effective against races 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MRGSM, and 34C3MTGQM at both seedling and adult-plant stages. In contrast, monogenic lines containing Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr13, Sr16, Sr18, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr28, Sr29, and Sr34 were highly susceptible to these races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Lines with Sr5, Sr10, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr17, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr25, Sr27, Sr29, Sr30, Sr32, Sr36, and Sr39 were resistant to one or more of the tested races. Among the 123 CIMMYT lines, 38 (30.9%) showed varying levels of susceptibility to Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The results should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stem rust.

Genetic analysis of resistance toPuccinia striiformisf.sp. triticiin cv. Aflak at adult plant stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1459-1465
Author(s):  
M. Zandipour ◽  
M. Khodarahmi ◽  
E. Majidi ◽  
SH. Ebrahim-nejad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage
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