scholarly journals Race and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Study Abroad Participation: The Role of Habitus, Social Networks, and Cultural Capital

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Simon ◽  
James W. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The University

This study examines how race and socioeconomic status contribute to disparities in study abroad participation. Our mixed methods approach provides a broad overview of the selection process into study abroad using national data. It also provides a nuanced understanding of the mechanisms that perpetuate inequality among Black and lower class students. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that students’ habitus, social networks, and cultural capital shape their study abroad experiences. We find that students with a positive predisposition toward internationalization (having foreign-born parents and/or experiencing different cultures overseas) were more likely to study abroad. Whites and high socioeconomic status students were also more likely to have family and friends who valued study abroad than were lower socioeconomic status and Black students. These advantaged students were better able to acquire and use cultural capital when accessing information from institutional agents. They were also more likely to possess the knowledge and background that complied with institutional standards. These factors contributed significantly to the race and class disparities in study abroad participation. This study contributes to the scant literature on study abroad by revealing mechanisms through which the reproduction of inequality is shaped in the university setting. We argue that patterns found to apply to this process are likely to take place in other processes in higher education as well.

scholarly journals An Analytical Perspective of the Reliability of Multi-Evaluation in Higher Education

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Antonio Rodríguez Fuentes ◽  
José Luis Gallego Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Training

It is urgent to evaluate the rest of the renewed elements within the university didactic action, overcoming the hegemony of traditional methods in which the professor constitutes as the sole evaluator. If autonomous and cooperative group-based learning is encouraged, self-assessment and co-assessment must also be promoted, apart from the traditional lecturing and evaluation by others. The assessing competence of Teacher Training degree students (n = 175) was researched, started with stratified sampling (in the second and fourth years), following a participant selection process in each group. The compiled data were subject to descriptive, inferential, and correlation analysis by means of statistical software. The results pointed to low execution levels as for the self-evaluation (individual and group), although a certain progress was identified in the four year students compared to those in their second year of study. A better execution in evaluation was observed in all students regarding co-assessment (among different work groups in the classroom) and assessment by others (towards the professor). The use of all types of assessment is proposed, having a certain awareness and training regarding self-evaluation, and counting with a full supervision and control over it. All in all, the advantages of multiple and democratic assessment surpass the drawbacks derived from them.

Three essays on the commercialization of university discoveries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Project Selection ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Type 1 Error ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The University ◽  
Type 2 Error

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Universities commercialize their discoveries at an increasing pace in order to maximize their economic impact and generate additional funding for research. They form technology transfer offices (TTOs) to evaluate the commercial value of university inventions and choose the most promising ones to patent and commercialize. Uncertainties and asymmetric information in project selection make the TTO choices difficult and can cause both type 1 error (forgo valuable discoveries) and type 2 error (select low-value discoveries). In this dissertation, I examine the TTO's project selection process and the factors that influence the choice of academic inventions for patenting and commercialization, the type 1 error committed, and the final licensing outcome. The dissertation contains three essays. In the first essay, I analyze project selection under uncertainty when both the quality of the proposed project and the motives of the applicant are uncertain. Some inventors may have an incentive to disguise the true quality and commercial value of their discoveries in order to conform to organizational expectations of disclosure while retaining rights to potentially pursue commercialization of their discoveries outside the organization's boundaries for their own benefit. Inventors may equally, ex post, lose interest to the commercialization of their invention due to competing job demands. I develop a model to examine the decision process of a university TTO responsible for the commercialization of academic inventions under such circumstances. The model describes the conditions that prompt Type 1 and Type 2 errors and allows for inferences for minimizing each. Little is known about the factors that make project selection effective or the opposite and there has been limited empirical analysis in this area. The few empirical studies that are available, examine the sources of type 2 error but there is no empirical work that analyzes type 1 error and the contributing factors. Research on type 1 error encounters two main difficulties. First, it is difficult to ascertain the decision process and second, it is challenging to approximate the counterfactual. Using data from the TTO of the University of Missouri, in the second essay I study the factors that influence the project selection process of the TTO in and the ex post type 1 error realized. In most cases, universities pursue commercialization of their inventions through licensing. There have been a few empirical studies that have researched the factors that affect licensing and their relative importance. In the third essay, I examine the characteristics of university inventions that are licensed using almost 10 years of data on several hundred of inventions, their characteristics, and the licensing status.

scholarly journals Building and Mobilizing Social Capital: A Phenomenological Study of Part-time Professors

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Sarah Jamieson ◽  
Jenepher Lennox Terrion
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Barriers To Communication ◽  
The University

This paper explores the experiences of new part-time professors (instructors hired on a semester-by-semester basis that have been working at the institution for less than five years) and considers the phenomenon of how they connect with peers. It examines whether a lack of connection exists among part-time professors at the University of Ottawa and how this may affect their experience (i.e. teaching and career), lead to barriers to connection, and affect their social capital (i.e., their ability to access or use resources embedded in their social networks). Using Moustakas’ (1994) phenomenological approach for collecting and analyzing data and Creswell’s (2007) approach for establishing validity, we uncovered several thematic patterns in participants’ experience that indicate barriers to connection and affect the ability to access and mobilize social capital: Feeling uncertain or impermanent, isolated, overwhelmed, and like second-class citizens. The paper concludes that inadequate social capital may not only influence part-time professors – it may also have problematic implications for students, the department, and the University as a whole. Keywords: Social capital, barriers to communication, phenomenology, qualitative methods, part-time professors

scholarly journals ¿Qué opinan los universitarios sobre el uso académico de las redes sociales?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Abelairas-Etxebarria ◽  
Jon Mentxaka Arana
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Young People ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
The University ◽  
Pais Vasco

Hoy en día, las redes sociales son utilizadas en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar. Entre los jóvenes, en particular, han supuesto una revolución a la hora de relacionarse. Sin embargo, dichas redes sociales tienen escasa presencia en el aula universitaria para su uso académico. Este trabajo pretende analizar el uso de las redes sociales de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa de la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Además, se analiza la opinión de los alumnos y alumnas sobre la posibilidad de introducir las redes sociales en el aula con fines académicos. Con estos objetivos, se ha realizado una encuesta a una muestra de los estudiantes de dicha facultad donde, como principal resultado, se extrae que la gran mayoría de los estudiantes usan habitualmente las redes sociales en el ámbito personal y que están dispuestos a introducir estas redes sociales como herramienta en el aula universitaria. At the present time, social networks are used anytime and anywhere. Among young people, in particular, they have been a revolution when it comes to socializing. However, these social networks have little presence in the university classroom for an academic use. This paper aims to analyze the use of social networks of students of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of the Basque Country / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. In addition, it analyzes the opinion of the students about the possibility of introducing social networks in the classroom for academic purposes. With these objectives a survey has been carried out on a sample of the students of said faculty where, as the main result, it is extracted that the vast majority of students routinely use social networks in the personal sphere and that they are willing to introduce these social networks as a tool in the university classroom.

scholarly journals Cyberactivism: A new form of participation for university students

Comunicar ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (46) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-Guadalupe González-Lizárraga ◽  
María-Teresa Becerra-Traver ◽  
Mireya-Berenice Yanez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Interaction History ◽  
The University

The purpose of this article is to show the results derived from a sample of students who were enrolled in different bachelor degree programs offered by the University of Sonora in Mexico. There was a double objective for this study. First, to identify cyber activist students through the answers gathered through a questionnaire taken electronically using as inclusion criteria the presence of high and medium levels of participation and commitment in different actions undertaken in four topic areas (environment, academic, social and citizen issues, and human rights). As a second objective, and after selecting three unique cases of cyber activist students, inflexion points were determined in the activities performed by these youngsters in digital social networks. Using personal narrative as a methodological strategy, the students described how they interact with others through different digital networks. Among the first categories identified in the indepth interviews are: interaction history (use, access and availability of technology at a young age), and active participation about topics of interest in social networks (organization and the perceptions of achievements made). As main findings, there are the availability of these resources from a young age, personal motivation in participating in diverse topics, enjoyment of expressing one’s opinion freely, electronic participation as a way to commit to a cause, and not joining an organization while participating. Se presentan resultados derivados de una muestra de estudiantes que asisten a las diversas licenciaturas que ofrece la Universidad de Sonora en México. El objetivo fue doble, en un primer momento, identificar a estudiantes ciberactivistas a través de las respuestas obtenidas de un cuestionario aplicado de manera electrónica, utilizando como criterios de inclusión la presencia de puntajes medios y altos en el nivel de participación y compromiso en las diversas acciones emprendidas en cuatro temas (medio ambiente, académicos, problemas sociales y ciudadanos, y derechos humanos). En un segundo momento y a partir de la selección de tres casos únicos de estudiantes ciberactivistas, se determinaron puntos de inflexión en las actividades desarrolladas por estos jóvenes en las redes sociales digitales, utilizando como estrategia metodológica la narrativa de los propios estudiantes cuando interactúan con otros en las redes. Entre las categorías iniciales en las entrevistas en profundidad se encuentra: la historia de interacción (uso, acceso y disposición de la tecnología desde temprana edad), y la participación activa en las redes sociales sobre temas de interés (organización y percepción de logros alcanzados). Como principales hallazgos se encuentra la disposición de estos recursos desde temprana edad, la motivación personal en los diversos temas, el gusto para expresarse de manera libre, la participación electrónica como forma de comprometerse con las causas, y la no afiliación a organizaciones al participar.

scholarly journals Servicios Web 2.0 en el portal UNICA

Telos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-660
Author(s):  
Rigo Grimaldos Olmos ◽  
Anny Paz Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Networking Services ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
The University ◽  
The Catholic Church

This investigation aimed to determine the use of web 2.0 services in the Catholic University Cecilio Acosta (UNICA) site by the institution, located in Maracaibo city, Venezuela. The theoretical contributions were supported by O'Reilly (2007), Lévy (2004), Rheingold (2004), Surowiecki (2005), Cobo (2007a), among other authors. The investigation comes from a project attached to the UNICA Research and Postgraduate Deanery, was descriptive, an observation guide was applied to collect information from the UNICA website and the 2.0 services to which it is associated as the platforms for vertical social networks YouTube, Instagram and SoundCloud, and platforms for horizontal social networks Facebook and Twitter. Among the most relevant findings was the exclusive use of social networking services for interaction with the university community, without including other services that seek to generate knowledge. It is concluded that UNICA uses web 2.0 services in its site in a limited and non-strategic way, with a purely informative nature that includes specific topics of the university and the catholic church, which could hinder the knowledge management as process of 21st century universities.

scholarly journals Learners’ Attitudes toward Foreign Language Practice on Social Network Sites

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Jhonny Villafuerte ◽  
Asier Romero
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
The University

This work aims to study learners’ attitudes towards practicing English Language on Social Networks Sites (SNS). The sample involved 110 students from the University Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi in Ecuador, and the University of the Basque Country in Spain. The instrument applied was a Likert scale questionnaire designed Ad hoc by the researchers, to assess the dimensions: (i) Integration of SNS into learners’ academic everyday activities, and (ii) Learners’ attitudes towards English Language practices on SNS. All the data was analyzed using SPSS V24.00 of IBM. The findings showed corelationships between learners’ attitudes and the factors: learners’ sex, age, and country. The results also confirmed that both Spanish and Ecuadorian university students prefer YouTube, and Google+ for their easy access, and flexibility to strengthen listening, reading and comprehension skills in English. In addition, Facebook, and Whats App can be used to motivate reading, writing, and speaking practices in English.

CONNECT LEARNING WITH REALITY: USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Raya Diez ◽  
Sofía Montenegro Leza ◽  
Ana Belén Cuesta Ruiz-Clavijo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
The University
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