scholarly journals Integrative Control of Energy Balance and Reproduction in Females

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Garcia-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Reproductive Events

There is a strong association between nutrition and reproduction. Chronic dietary energy deficits as well as energy surpluses can impair reproductive capacity. Metabolic status impacts reproductive function at systemic level, modulating the hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network and/or the pituitary gonadotropin secretion through several hormones and neuropeptides, and at the ovarian level, acting through the regulation of follicle growth and steroidogenesis by means of the growth hormone-IGF-insulin system and local ovarian mediators. In the past years, several hormones and neuropeptides have been emerging as important mediators between energy balance and reproduction. The present review goes over the main sites implicated in the control of energy balance linked to reproductive success and summarizes the most important metabolic and neuroendocrine signals that participate in reproductive events with special emphasis on the role of recently discovered neuroendocrine peptides. Also, a little overview about the effects of maternal nutrition, affecting offspring reproduction, has been presented.

scholarly journals Specifics of Hormonal Status in Combined Dishormonal Pathology of the Uterus and Mammary Glands in Reproductive Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Shelygin ◽  
Nadezhda S. Guziy ◽  
Viktoria S. Kaplitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Endocrine Status

The combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and mammary glands represents a great danger to the health of a woman, as well as impairs the quality of life, reduces the reproductive capacity of a woman and leads to premature loss of reproductive function. Steroid hormones play a large role in the regulation of proliferative changes in the uterus and mammary glands. Regulation of target organs, uterus and mammary glands, due to the presence of common mechanisms associated with the presence of the receptor apparatus in the tissues of these organs to sex hormones. The general links of pathogenesis and the high frequency of combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands are of interest to study not only isolated forms of proliferation, but also the development of a unified systematic approach to the study of this pathology. In recent times, there are opposing views on the role of hormonal dysfunction as a factor in proliferative processes. The management tactics of patients with pathological changes in the mammary gland in various gynecological diseases is an assessment of endocrine status, normalization of hormonal and metabolic disorders, especially when progesterone and cortisol are excreted, testosterone levels are increased, and hyperprolactinemia is affected. Special attention should be paid to patients with menstrual disorders, reproductive health disorders. We believe that the problem of the hyperproliferative processes of the uterus and mammary glands should not be considered only from the perspective of gynecological or mammological practice. This pathology is polymorphic and should have broad interdisciplinary connections with such disciplines as oncology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, therapy, pathomorphology, histology, obstetrics and gynecology. Only by studying all possible links of etiopathogenesis, by combining interdisciplinary communication, it is possible to effectively fight for the quality of patients with a combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands. Family planning, prevention of unplanned pregnancy, timely implementation of maternity, prevention of miscarriage, the use of modern contraceptives, support for breastfeeding is also of high importance for the prevention of disorders and the preservation, extension of reproductive capabilities, and the prevention of combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and breast.

scholarly journals Reproductive capacity in iron overloaded women with thalassemia major

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 2878-2881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia T. Singer ◽  
Elliott P. Vichinsky ◽  
Ginny Gildengorin ◽  
Jereon van Disseldorp ◽  
Mitchell Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Cardiac Iron ◽  
Labile Iron ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Abstract The pathophysiology of iron-induced compromised fertility in women with thalassemia major (TM) was evaluated in 26 adult TM females. Low gonadotropin secretion resulted in reduced ovarian antral follicle count and ovarian volume, but levels of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), a sensitive marker for ovarian reserve independent of gonadotropin effect, were mostly normal. AMH correlated with non–transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), suggesting a role of labile iron in the pathogenesis of decreased reproductive capacity, possibly occurring in parallel to cardiac iron toxicity, as cardiac iron was associated with the presence of amenorrhea and with NTBI levels. AMH emerges as an important biomarker for assessment of reproductive capacity in TM, demonstrating that fertility is preserved in the majority of those younger than 30 to 35 years. AMH can be useful in future studies aiming at improved chelation for fertility preservation, whereas NTBI and labile plasma iron may be valuable for monitoring iron effect on the reproductive system.

scholarly journals Dietary Energy Balance Modulation of Kras- and Ink4a/Arf+/−-Driven Pancreatic Cancer: The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Lashinger ◽  
Lauren M. Harrison ◽  
Audrey J. Rasmussen ◽  
Craig D. Logsdon ◽  
Susan M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Growth Factor I

Abstract LB-187: Dietary energy balance modulation of Kras- and Ink4a/Arf+/-driven pancreatic cancer: the role of insulin-like growth factor-1.

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Lashinger ◽  
Lauren M. Harrison ◽  
Audrey J. Rasmussen ◽  
Craig D. Logsdon ◽  
Susan M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor

scholarly journals Emerging roles of epigenetics in the control of reproductive function: Focus on central neuroendocrine mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jesus Vazquez ◽  
Silvia Daza-Dueñas ◽  
Manuel Tena-Sempere
Keyword(s):  
Perfect Match ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
And Function

Abstract Reproduction is an essential function for perpetuation of the species. As such, it is controlled by sophisticated regulatory mechanisms, which allow a perfect match between environmental conditions and internal cues, to ensure adequate pubertal maturation and achievement of reproductive capacity. Besides classical genetic regulatory events, mounting evidence has documented that different epigenetic mechanisms operate at different levels of the reproductive axis to finely tune the development and function of this complex neuroendocrine system along the lifespan. In this mini-review, we will summarize recent evidence on the role of epigenetics in the control of reproduction, with special focus on the modulation of the central components of this axis. Particular attention will be paid to the epigenetic control of puberty and Kiss1 neurons, as major developments have taken place in this domain recently. In addition, the putative role of central epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the influence of nutritional and environmental cues on reproductive function will be also discussed.

scholarly journals Reproduction and energy balance: the integrative role of prolactin

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
T I Romantsova
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Functions

The physiological mechanisms controlling reproduction are closely linked to energy balance. In the recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that prolactin regulates metabolic functions, besides regulating breast development and stimulating milk formation. Hyperprolactinemia is associated with obesity and treatment with dopamine agonists results in weight loss. We discuss the integrated effects of prolactin in the metabolic control and reproductive function, the role of prolactin in the pathogenesis of obesity. The present review also describes the effects of treatment with cabergoline on body weight and cardiovascular risk markers.

scholarly journals Kisspeptin and energy balance in reproduction

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. R53-R63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie-Ann P De Bond ◽  
Jeremy T Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Gnrh Neurons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Direct Regulator

Kisspeptin is vital for the neuroendocrine regulation of GNRH secretion. Kisspeptin neurons are now recognized as a central pathway responsible for conveying key homeostatic information to GNRH neurons. This pathway is likely to mediate the well-established link between energy balance and reproductive function. Thus, in states of severely altered energy balance (either negative or positive), fertility is compromised, as isKiss1expression in the arcuate nucleus. A number of metabolic modulators have been proposed as regulators of kisspeptin neurons including leptin, ghrelin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Whether these regulate kisspeptin neurons directly or indirectly will be discussed. Moreover, whether the stimulatory role of leptin on reproduction is mediated by kisspeptin directly will be questioned. Furthermore, in addition to being expressed in GNRH neurons, the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) is also expressed in other areas of the brain, as well as in the periphery, suggesting alternative roles for kisspeptin signaling outside of reproduction. Interestingly, kisspeptin neurons are anatomically linked to, and can directly excite, anorexigenic POMC neurons and indirectly inhibit orexigenic NPY neurons. Thus, kisspeptin may have a direct role in regulating energy balance. Although data fromKiss1rknockout and WT mice found no differences in body weight, recent data indicate that kisspeptin may still play a role in food intake and glucose homeostasis. Thus, in addition to regulating reproduction, and mediating the effect of energy balance on reproductive function, kisspeptin signaling may also be a direct regulator of metabolism.

scholarly journals Role of ghrelin in reproduction

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C García ◽  
Miguel López ◽  
Clara V Alvarez ◽  
Felipe Casanueva ◽  
Manuel Tena-Sempere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Timing Of Puberty ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Status Data

Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of GH secretagogue receptor type 1a, has emerged as a pleiotropic modulator of diverse biological functions, including energy homeostasis and, lately reproduction. Here, we review recent reports evaluating the reproductive effects and sites of action of ghrelin, with particular emphasis regarding its role as a molecule integrating reproductive function and energy status. Data gleaned from rodent studies clearly show that besides having direct gonadal effects, ghrelin may participate in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and it may influence the timing of puberty. In addition, experimental data showing that ghrelin and/or its receptor are expressed in normal human ovary and testis as well as in human ovarian and testicular tumors raise the possibility that the ghrelin system may be involved in the control of cell proliferation in these tumors. We propose that ghrelin either acting as an endocrine and/or paracrine signal may play a major role in the endocrine network that integrates energy balance and reproduction.

scholarly journals The roles of melanin-concentrating hormone in energy balance and reproductive function: are they connected?

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. R141-R150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Naufahu ◽  
Adam D Cunliffe ◽  
Joanne F Murray
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Discrete Systems ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Complex Control System ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an anabolic neuropeptide with multiple and diverse physiological functions including a key role in energy homoeostasis. Rodent studies have shown that the ablation of functional MCH results in a lean phenotype, increased energy expenditure and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These findings have generated interest among pharmaceutical companies vigilant for potential anti-obesity agents. Nutritional status affects reproductive physiology and behaviours, thereby optimising reproductive success and the ability to meet energetic demands. This complex control system entails the integration of direct or indirect peripheral stimuli with central effector systems and involves numerous mediators. A role for MCH in the reproductive axis has emerged, giving rise to the premise that MCH may serve as an integratory mediator between those discrete systems that regulate energy balance and reproductive function. Hence, this review focuses on published evidence concerning i) the role of MCH in energy homoeostasis and ii) the regulatory role of MCH in the reproductive axis. The question as to whether the MCH system mediates the integration of energy homoeostasis with the neuroendocrine reproductive axis and, if so, by what means has received limited coverage in the literature; evidence to date and current theories are summarised herein.

scholarly journals Maternal Nutrition and Developmental Programming of Male Progeny

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2216
Author(s):  
Sarah McCoski ◽  
Amanda Bradbery ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Marques ◽  
Christian Posbergh ◽  
Carla Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
The Impact

Poor maternal nutrition can cause several maladaptive phenotypes in exposed offspring. While non-sex-specific and female-specific adaptations are well-documented, male-specific outcomes are still poorly understood. Of particular interest are the outcomes in bulls and rams, as developmental programming directly impacts long-term productivity of the animal as well as human food security. The following review discusses the impact of poor maternal dietary energy and protein on bull and ram developmental programming as it relates to growth, development, and reproductive capacity. The review also highlights the importance of the timing of maternal dietary insult, as early-, mid-, and late-gestational insults can all have varying effects on offspring.

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