scholarly journals Maternal Nutrition and Developmental Programming of Male Progeny

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2216
Author(s):  
Sarah McCoski ◽  
Amanda Bradbery ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Marques ◽  
Christian Posbergh ◽  
Carla Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
The Impact

Poor maternal nutrition can cause several maladaptive phenotypes in exposed offspring. While non-sex-specific and female-specific adaptations are well-documented, male-specific outcomes are still poorly understood. Of particular interest are the outcomes in bulls and rams, as developmental programming directly impacts long-term productivity of the animal as well as human food security. The following review discusses the impact of poor maternal dietary energy and protein on bull and ram developmental programming as it relates to growth, development, and reproductive capacity. The review also highlights the importance of the timing of maternal dietary insult, as early-, mid-, and late-gestational insults can all have varying effects on offspring.

scholarly journals Dryland Food Security in Ethiopia: Current Status, Opportunities, and a Roadmap for the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6503
Author(s):  
Yu Peng ◽  
Hubert Hirwa ◽  
Qiuying Zhang ◽  
Guoqin Wang ◽  
Fadong Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
The Impact

Given the impact of COVID-19 and the desert locust plague, the Ethiopian food security issue has once again received widespread attention. Its food crisis requires comprehensive and systematic research to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger. This review discusses the current situation and the causes of food security in Ethiopia. We focus on the challenges in the food security assessment field. The article lists seven typical causes of food insecurity and three roots of food security in Ethiopia. Long-term food security assessment and a comprehensive understanding and manageability for food security causes are considered as the main existing research challenges. Climate-resilient management, water management, and long-term ecosystem network monitoring and data mining are suggested as potential roadmap for future research.

Long-term health consequences of early-life exposure to substance abuse: an epigenetic perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Vaiserman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maternal Substance Abuse ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of the nutritional or other environmental stimuli during critical periods of development in the long-term programming of organ systems and homeostatic pathways of the organism. The adverse influences early in development and particularly during intrauterine life have been shown to programme the risks for adverse health outcomes in adult life. The mechanisms underlying developmental programming remain still unclear. However, increasing evidence has been accumulated indicating the important role of epigenetic regulation including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs in the developmental programming of late-onset pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and type 2 diabetes. The maternal substance abuse during pregnancy, including smoking, drinking and psychoactive drug intake, is one of the important factors determining the process of developmental programming in modern human beings. The impact of prenatal drug/substance exposure on infant and early childhood development is currently in the main focus. The long-term programming effects of such exposures on aging and associated pathologies, however, have been reported only rarely. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of recent research findings which indicate that maternal substance abuse during pregnancy and/or neonatal period can programme not only a child's health status, but also can cause long-term or even life-long health outcomes via mechanisms of epigenetic memory.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Long-Term Reduction in Dietary Energy Density on Body Weight Within a Randomized Diet Trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmus Saquib ◽  
Loki Natarajan ◽  
Cheryl L. Rock ◽  
Shirley W. Flatt ◽  
Lisa Madlensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Management of the Pandemic: Agriculture, Food Management and Resilience During Covid-19 in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-336
Author(s):  
Pushpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Food Management ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to analyse the impact of Covid-19 on agricultural activities, food security and policies of food management during the pandemic in India, particularly with reference to hardships caused to the most vulnerable communities due to the loss of livelihood, issues of access and availability. The explorations suggest that the growing inclination to centralise the structure of contemporary food and farming would make the entire system fragile, further accentuating the issues of food insecurity in the country. On the other hand, the localised, diverse systems of farming practices existing in various parts of India are rooted in agroecology, judiciously using and conserving the local natural resources. Thus, they have emerged as not only sustainable in the long run but are also food secure. While this impending crisis has exposed the systemic weakness of globalised food systems like never before, it also provides us with a crucial opportunity to mend our food and farming, keeping the long-term sustainability and food security as the goals.

scholarly journals National Strategy And Policy On The Agricultural Sector During The Covid-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Supardi Rusdiana ◽  
Chalid Talib
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
National Policies ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

The spread of Covid-19 majorly affected the global economic stability. This major change also changed the dynamic of Indonesia economic growth. This study employed a literature study and discussion technique to analyze the situation during the spread of Covid-19. The data collected from the literature, websites, national and international news that relevant to the recent policies and conditions. This study aimed to know the strategy and policy taken by the national policymaker in the agricultural sector during the Covid-19 outbreak. Results showed that the impact of the spread of Covid-19 on the economic aspect and the strategy chosen depending on the national policies. The national policies made based on various aspects, risks, and market scenarios. The labor-intensive effort, development of the agricultural technology, and marketing efforts intensively done to engage the farmer and consumer. The long-term policies strengthen the national food security and agricultural sector. The policies of data use arranged to be applied in various sectors, especially agricultural and food security. These policies managed to encourage and accelerate the synergy of a sustainable agricultural modernization. The national food security development actively contributed to cope with the food security gap in all area in Indonesia. The long-term policies provided a better comprehension and behavior change toward the farmer wellness aspect.

Developmental origins of myocardial abnormalities in postnatal life

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramjit S. Tappia ◽  
Bram Ramjiawan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
The Impact

Poor quality and quantity maternal nutrition during pregnancy exerts permanent and damaging effects on the heart of the developing fetus. The developmental origin of adult heart disease is considered an important and critical factor in the pathogenesis of myocardial abnormalities in later life. Low birth mass, a marker of intrauterine stress, has been linked to a predisposition to heart disease. In this article, our work on the impact of exposure to a low-protein diet, in utero, on the developing heart and its long-term consequences are discussed. Other studies providing some supportive evidence are also described. It is proposed that normal fetal nutrition, growth, and development through efficient maternal nutrition (as well as other predisposing factors) before and during pregnancy may serve as a strategy for the primary prevention of heart disease.

scholarly journals 147 Nutritional advances in fetal and neonatal development: Mineral nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Neonatal Development

Abstract Mineral nutrition during pregnancy has long been known to impact fetal growth and development. This is evidenced by a multitude of mineral deficiency-related causes for embryonic loss, abortion, stillbirth, or neonatal death, including poor or inappropriate fetal development that can be either reversible or irreversible postnatally. Both macro and trace mineral needs of the dam are known to increase with the fetal growth of advancing gestation due to greater metabolic stress and demand, as well as tissue development and deposition in the fetus. Fetal deposition of many trace minerals is especially important for neonatal use while consuming milk with low mineral concentrations and facing a multitude of immune challenges. In the last 2 decades, many laboratories have focused on “developmental programming,” or the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal and neonatal development and ultimately long-term health and productivity of livestock. Despite this, the role of macro and trace minerals in short-and long-term consequences of developmental programming is still unclear for many minerals and species. Taken together, research in ruminants and swine demonstrate that mineral intake and source during pregnancy can have a large effect on fetal growth and development that lasts into the neonatal and pre-weaning periods. Some studies suggest that supra-nutritional mineral intake may have a positive benefit during gestation or neonatal periods. Moreover, some data suggest that mineral requirements may be greater than currently thought to accommodate the rapid fetal growth and preparation for lactation that occurs during late gestation. Continued research is necessary to determine mineral requirements of livestock during pregnancy, especially when considering their long-reaching subsequent effects on offspring. Additionally, increased understanding of perinatal transfer of trace minerals can aid in our management of pregnant dams and their offspring.

scholarly journals Inovasi Gerakan Gelar Gulung sebagai Solusi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pangan Mandiri di Kota Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Farida Rahmawati ◽  
Ana Chusniatul Hidayah ◽  
Aida Nur Faizah ◽  
Ahmad Falahuddin ◽  
M Adryan Okuputra
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Citizen Action ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
The Impact

Gerakan Gelar Gulung merupakan aksi tanggap warga dalam hal pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan masyarakat yang terdampak oleh Pandemi COVID-19 di Desa Tegalweru Kecamatan Tegalrejo Kota Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi aksi dan inovasi yang dilakukan Gerakan Gelar Gulung dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan secara mandiri sebagai upaya mitigasi dampak pandemi COVID-19. Analisis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif melalui pengumpulan data-data kualitatif yang diperoleh melalui metode observasi, wawancara, dan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 aksi dalam Gerakan Gelar Gulung yaitu a) aksi mapping warga mandiri pastisipatif, b) aksi tanggap darurat pangan, c) aksi sosial kemandirian ekonomi, d) aksi jejaring pangupa jiwa, dan e) aksi berkebun lumbung pangan. Implementasi Gerakan Gelar Gulung ini mendapatkan respon positif dari berbagai pihak dikarenakan program yang sedang berjalan ini mampu meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dalam masa pandemi COVID-19 dan mendorong kemandirian ekonomi dalam jangka panjang.  Kata kunci: Gerakan Gelar Gulung, Pandemi COVID-19, Ketahanan Pangan    Gelar Gulung is a citizen action in terms of fulfilling the food needs of society who affected by COVID-19pandemic. The purpose of the study is exploring what actions and innovations which were carried out by Gelar Gulung action in fulfilling food needs to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, especially in Tegalweru Village. The analysis in this study was done using descriptive methods by collecting qualitative data obtained through observation, interview, and literature study. The results showed that there were 5 actions, namely a) participatory mapping, b) food emergency response actions, c) sufficiency economy, d) community leaders’ network actions, and e) urban farming. The implementation of Gelar Gulung action received positive response from the stakeholders as this ongoing program was able to increase food security during the COVID-19pandemic and encourage long-term economic sufficiency.  Keywords: Gelar Gulung Action, COVID-19 Pandemic, Food Security 

scholarly journals Liver-Specific Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4α Deficiency: Greater Impact on Gene Expression in Male than in Female Mouse Liver

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1274-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minita G. Holloway ◽  
Gregory D. Miles ◽  
Alan A. Dombkowski ◽  
David J. Waxman
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Sex Specificity ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α is a liver-enriched transcription factor that regulates numerous liver-expressed genes including several sex-specific cytochrome P450 genes. Presently, a liver-specific HNF4α-deficient mouse model was used to characterize the impact of liver HNF4α deficiency on a global scale using 41,174 feature microarrays. A total of 4994 HNF4α-dependent genes were identified, of which about 1000 fewer genes responded to the loss of HNF4α in female liver as compared with male liver. Sex differences in the impact of liver HNF4α deficiency were even more dramatic when genes showing sex-specific expression were examined. Thus, 372 of the 646 sex-specific genes characterized by a dependence on HNF4α responded to the loss of HNF4α in males only, as compared with only 61 genes that responded in females only. Moreover, in male liver, 78% of 508 male-specific genes were down-regulated and 42% of 356 female-specific genes were up-regulated in response to the loss of HNF4α, with sex specificity lost for 90% of sex-specific genes. This response to HNF4α deficiency is similar to the response of male mice deficient in the GH-activated transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), where 90% of male-specific genes were down-regulated and 61% of female-specific genes were up-regulated, suggesting these two factors cooperatively regulate liver sex specificity by mechanisms that are primarily active in males. Finally, 203 of 648 genes previously shown to bind HNF4α near the transcription start site in mouse hepatocytes were affected by HNF4α deficiency in mouse liver, with the HNF4α-bound gene set showing a 5-fold enrichment for genes positively regulated by HNF4α. Thus, a substantial fraction of the HNF4α-dependent genes reported here are likely to be direct targets of HNF4α.

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