scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shyla Jebashree ◽  
S. Jayasurya Kingsley ◽  
Emmanuel S. Sathish ◽  
D. Devapriya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Mimusops Elengi

Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and Achyranthes aspera were tested against the dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans and fungus Candida albicans isolated from caries infected patients. All the four extracts of P. guajava showed activity against both S. mutans and C. albicans. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate of P. guajava. The four extracts of T. chebula and M. elengi showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans. M. elengi extracts and ethanol extract of T. chebula did not show any antifungal activity against C. albicans. Except for the hexane extract of A. aspera, the other three extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl acetate P. guajava leaf extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and BHI. The P. guajava ethyl acetate extract was subjected to GC-MS.

scholarly journals An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma S Nayak ◽  
Sharda C Metgud ◽  
Uday Kumar Bolmal
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

ABSTRACT Aim Many weapons are available in the arsenal of a dental professional to combat dental caries, which is almost ubiquitously present. From a public health perspective, most of these weapons are far from being an ideal drug. Hence, there is a demand for better and effective antibacterial agents. This factor stimulated the process of the present study. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods Dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula were procured and powdered. Physical tests were done to estimate purity of the fruit powder. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared according to standard procedures. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined by tube dilution method and confirmed by agar dilution method. The effect of the hydroethanolic extract on sucrose induced adhesion, glucan-induced aggregation and on glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans was also assessed. Preservative, gelling agent and sweetener were added in suitable quantities to the ethanol extract, and mouthrinse was formulated. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation was also determined. Results Yield was better in case of aqueous extract. The Minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroethanolic extract was determined to be 2.5%. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract was determined to be 10%. Hydroethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (2.5%) inhibited sucrose induced adherence and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Conclusion The mouthrinse formulated from ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity and could be used as an effective anticaries agent. Clinical Significance Terminalia chebula mouthrinse can be effectively used in clinical practice as an anticaries mouthrinse with additional benefit being that it is safe and economical. How to cite this article Nayak SS, Ankola AV, Metgud SC, Bolmal UK. An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):278-282.

scholarly journals Potential of Malacca leaf (Phyllanthus emblica) against Salmonella sp

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
Mahdi Abrar ◽  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Yobeswi Husna
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Property

Malacca is one of traditional medicine that possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Malacca leaf extract on the growth of Salmonella sp in vitro. The bacteria was obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The study was conducted using n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol of malacca leaves with dilution concentrations of 5%, 25%, and 50%.The inhibitory property of malacca leaf was tested using Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of malacca leaves can inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp. The n-hexane extract of malacca leaves showed a greater inhibition than the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of malacca leaves. n-hexane extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 1.35 mm (weak), 4.97 mm (moderate), and 12.87 mm (strong), respectively ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 2.00 mm (weak), 5.72 mm (moderate), and 7.58 mm (moderate), whereas in ethanol extract were 0.47 mm (weak), 2.58 mm (weak), and 4.35 mm (weak), repectively. The clear zone areas in negative and positive control were 0.00 mm 20.00 mm, respectively. Malacca leaf extract possess inhibitory property against the growth of the Salmonella sp.

In Vitro Tracing of Cytotoxic Compounds in Jarak Cina Stem Bark (Jatropha Multifida Linn.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sista Werdyani ◽  
Annisa Fitria ◽  
Sari Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Jatropha Multifida ◽  
Mcf 7

Cancer remains one of the diseases with increasing number of sufferers, but research on compounds that act as anti-cancer is also ongoing. Terpenoids have been known as a compound that can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. One of the medical plants that produce terpenoids is Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.). Therefore, the possibility of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) to have an cytotoxic activity on cancer cell proliferation is reasonably high. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic activity of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) bark extracts against cancer cell MCF-7. Jarak cina bark was extracted using the multilevel soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as the solvents. All the three extracts were then tested against MCF-7 cancer cells using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Data analysis was performed for IC50 (ppm) parameter. The results showed that the IC50 of n-hexane extract was 313.21 ppm, while the ethyl acetate extract reached 258.38 ppm of IC50, and the IC50 of ethanol extract was 418.51 ppm. The highest potential of cytotoxicity was found in the ethyl acetate extract, so further testing would be required to optimize the proliferation inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals ANTI-TYROSINASE ACTIVITY FROM VARIOUS SOLVENTS OF PEANUT SHELL (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) EXTRACTS IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
RISHA FILLAH FITHRIA ◽  
MELLA DWI KRISDIANA ◽  
ETIKA MUSLIMAH ◽  
SARIF MUSYAFA ◽  
NINING SUGIHARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Microplate Reader ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Better Than

Objective: This study aimed to determine in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity from various solvents of peanut shell extracts and to find out if the activityis better than kojic acid which is a conventional compound used as anti-hyperpigmentation agent.Methods: Extraction was done by maceration method with various solvents of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and 70% ethanol. Extracts were made into theseries concentration of 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml. Kojic acid with concentration of 50 μg/ml used as positive control and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide used asnegative control. Tyrosinase enzyme will react with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine substrate to produce dopachrome compound. The absorbance ofdopachrome read by microplate reader at λ = 492 nm. If the absorbance read by the microplate reader is low, means that the inhibition power of thepeanut shell extract against the tyrosinase enzyme is high. Anti-tyrosinase activity seen by the percentage inhibition value. The percentage inhibitionvalue was analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U-test; all tests were carried out with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The mean of percentage inhibition value of n-hexane extract ranged from 12.44 ± 1.66% to 39.82 ± 1.33%, 70% of ethanol extract rangedfrom 39.98 ± 0.85% to 70.19 ± 1.98%, and ethyl acetate extract ranged from 17.85 ± 0.78% to 60.30 ± 0.97%. Kojic acid has mean percentageinhibition value of 78.19 ± 1.97%. IC50 of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts was, respectively, 40.53 μg/ml, 63.49 μg/ml, and 91.95 μg/ml.Ethanol extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. Ethyl acetate extract contains flavonoid.Conclusion: All various solvents of peanut shell extracts have anti-tyrosinase activity but not better than kojic acid. Ethanol extract with concentrationof 75 μg/ml has the greatest anti-tyrosinase activity.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF ERANTHEMUM CAPENSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
ANOOPA JOHN L ◽  
KANNAPPAN N ◽  
MANOJKUMAR P
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The present study was aimed to rationalize the scientific basis in traditional use of Eranthemum capense as an antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agent. Methods: Agar well diffusion method is widely used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the E. capense aerial part of methanolic and ethyl acetate plant extracts. The same amount (15–20 mL) of Mueller-Hinton agar was poured on glass Petri plates of same size and allowed to solidify. E. capense aerial part of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts was evaluated in vitro for their anti-inflammatory activities using the bovine serum albumin protein denaturation assay. Results: The result of the study shows that methanolic exract (T3) of the plant, E. capense shows 16 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas fluorescens, while the ethyl acetate extract of the same plant shows 14 mm zone of inhibition against P. fluorescens and E. coli. Hence the methanolic extract of T3 sample shows the antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria, where as the ethyl acetate extract of T3 shows antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The experimental report revealed that, the methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of the same plant produces zero percentage zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger and Mucor, hence it does not show any antifungal activity. Conclusion: It is observed that the EA and methanolic extract of E. capense can be used in the treatment of inflammation due to the significant percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation as well as its prove the good antimicrobial agent.

scholarly journals In vitro leaves and twigs antimicrobial properties of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Basel Saleh ◽  
Lila Al-Halab ◽  
Ayman Al-Mariri
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Summary The current study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hot water (leaves and twigs fractions) Psidium guajava L. crude extracts against three bacteria and two fungi pathogens. Antimicrobial activity expressed by disc-diffusion assay (zone of inhibitions - ZIs), activity index (AI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) that were measured as reported in many investigations. Based upon the estimated ZIs, AI and MICs values, hot water twigs <1 cm diameter extract was the most potent against all tested microorganisms. The MICs value ranged between 4 and 7.2 mg/ml for bacteria, while, it was between 14.5 and 37.3 mg/ml for fungi. Moreover, ethyl acetate had the lowest antimicrobial activity compared to the other tested solvents. From the results obtained herein, it could be concluded that P. guajava serve as antibacterial and antifungal agent.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula: Cell-free In vitro and In silico studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (51) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganthy Natarajan ◽  
Archunan Govindaraju ◽  
MohamedAsik Rajmohamed ◽  
Premkumar Palanisamy ◽  
AkbarshaMohammad Abdulkader
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

scholarly journals In vitro study of Cratoxylum glaucumStem ethyl acetate extract as antidiabetic

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012088
Author(s):  
O Roanisca ◽  
R G Mahardika ◽  
Y Widyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin secretion, or decreased insulin sensitivity, or both. If insulin is not available or the amount is low, then glucose cannot enter the cells and will continue to be in the bloodstream. DM can cause chronic complications such as eye complications, skin infections and stroke. DM treatment takes a long time by using synthetic drugs that will cause side effects, therefore the search for herbal-based drugs is the community’s choice. Idat plant (Cratoxylum glaucum) is a local plant from Bangka Belitung. Several studies on the genus Cratoxylum from China and Thailand showed a very high inhibitory ability against the inhibition of a-glucosidase enzymes, protein tyrosine phosphate, and carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes because they contain phenolic compounds anthraquinones and xanthones. Therefore, the importance of more intensive research on C. glaucum species regarding the content of secondary metabolites in C. glaucum stems and their antidiabetic power. The extraction method in this research is maceration with ethyl acetate solvent. Qualitative examination of phenolic and flavonoid content using reagents, as well as antidiabetic testing was carried out in vitro with dengan α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition method. Based on qualitative testing of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, the content of these compounds was obtained. antidiabetic test showed that the-glucosidase inhibitor of ethyl acetate extract had very strong activity with an IC50 of 4.21 g/mL. Therefore, the stem of the idat plant can be used as a therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Inhibitory effect of Torilis anthriscus on growth of microorganisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgica Stefanovic ◽  
Dragana Stanojevic ◽  
Ljiljana Comic
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities

AbstractAntibacterial and antifungal activities of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gmel. (Apiaceae) were tested in vitro against ten species of bacteria and five of fungi. Antimicrobial properties were determined by disk diffusion and broth tube dilution method. In the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the ethanol extract showed the highest activity, followed by the ethyl acetate extract and the aqueous extract against bacterial species, while the extracts were inactive against the tested fungi species. The most active extract was chosen to examine the effects of its combinations with commercial antibiotics by checkerboard method. The obtained results showed that the interactions between ethanol extract/streptomycin and ethanol extract/chloramphenicol were additive and indifferent against the tested human-pathogenic bacteria. Synergism and antagonism were not observed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antihypercholesterolemic Activities of Pulicaria gnaphalodes

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582090485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza Naqvi ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Laiba Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Atta-ul-Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Multidrug resistance has increased globally in the communities. Bacterial infections associated with health care have weakened the existing antimicrobial therapy and demand the search for alternative therapies. In the present investigation, the medicinal plant Pulicaria gnaphalodes from Quetta, Pakistan, has been screened for antimicrobial potential. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of P gnaphalodes extracts (methanol and ethanol) was quantitatively evaluated on the basis of zone of inhibition against different bacteria and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In vivo, antihypercholesterolemic activity is determined in different rat groups. The results of the study indicated that the ethanol extract of P gnaphalodes showed maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis of 12.1 ± 1.1 mm from all others. The methanol extract showed maximum zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus of 11.9 ± 1.0 mm and rifampicin showed maximum zone of inhibition of 23.1 ± 0.9 mm. The results of ethanol and methanol extract of P gnaphalodes against different bacteria revealed that this plant has greater antimicrobial activity. However, the plant extract shows nonsignificant antihypercholesterolemic activity. The extract of this plant can be utilized as medicine to inhibit several infections caused by some bacterial pathogens found in human body.

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